[Published on 04/21/20 by Digital Imaging Lab (1142)] It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain any copyright clearances. Permission to publish material from this/these transcript(s) must be obtained from the Supervisor of Reference Services and/or the L. Tom Perry Special Collection Coordinating Committee. [Notes added by transcribers are in square brackets. Dashes in square brackets indicate unclear words or letters. indicate words the author inserted to a previously written line.] VMSS 792 - Brigham Young correspondence and other material (S3_SS7) Number of Pages: 337 ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F1_I1_p001.jpg) Head Quarters. Camp of Israel Omaha Nation. Aug.t 2.d 1846. Col. Kane Dear Sir, The council improve the earliest moment.-- to in presenting theis complements. and in- -forming you that we have concluded to winter near the Mo. River. Some 15 or 30 miles north of this. to secure the rush and pea vine for our flocks, Our business will detain in this vicinity till it will bee impolitic to attempt to reach the Mountain or Loc[--]ll. this fall. We have just seen a messenger from Ft Leavenworth. & the Mormon Battallion. who were 30 miles this side the Ft on Tuesday last. in good health & spirits. And all pot[-]ies well pl[--]d. Col Little. left Belvue on friday eve for home. The Camp. will commence a removal in a day or two. – Most Respectfully For the council Brigham Young Po[--] Willard Richards. Clerk P.S. We shall be happy to have you visit our camp. I trust. that omitting your contemplated journey. Your time will not be crowded,- W,R, ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F1_I1_p002.jpg) Col Kane Elk-horn Omaha pr M Hol[---] [The following text is written upside down at the top of the page] Aug 4 1846 6¼ A U. From West ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F1_I2_p001.jpg) Colonel Kane will permit us to introduce to his notice our much esteemed friend Elder Orson Pratt, A.M. who is on a tour to Europe. Mr. Pratt is Professor of Mathematics in the Nauvoo College, he is a Member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, a Gentleman of handsome literary attainments, and unblemished character; and we solicit your kind attention to introduce him to officers of the American Institute, and any other Gentlemen who may have the opportunity of introducing him to literary Gentn in Europe, and you will much oblige Your undeviating friends In behalf of the Council Brigham Young President Willard Richards Clerk Camp of Israel, Winter Quarters May 9. 1848. P.S. Mr. Benson returned in safety about a week since, Elder Lyman this morning, most of our Elders are returned, we expect to remove in a few days, but hope to have a few moments to write you more fully before we leave. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F1_I2_p002.jpg) Col. T. L. Kane Favor of Elder Orson Pratt ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F1_I3_p001.jpg) [The following note is written at the top of page] Story of preparation and delivery of Kane's famous lecture to the Historical Society of Pennsylvania Philadelphia March 26, 1850 which is perhaps today the most readable account of exodus from Nauvoo February '46 [The following note is written at the top right of page] This letter for Brigham Young, only, & those who counsel with him and the immediate circle of friends who are his and his immediate circle of friends who are his advisers. [End of additional notes at top of the page] My dear friends, I am glad to be able to send along with my letter of the — one that will qualify it, and assure you that I am not only alive but [---] likely to be greatly improved in health and quite likely to add one to the st[---] of Mormon miracles I told you of my ill critical condition toward the at the close of last winter,. It was at the very [---] period of my worst hemorrhage that I found myself called upon by the spread rising of the fresh batch of calumnies of Mor the William Smith Copartnership, to get up something special for so[--] the troublesome people at Washington, and instead of pursuing my usual course (on such occasions) of bringing out our different seabound newspapers to edit something of a less fugitive nature. I was impelled to this by besides by than the editorials of newspapers which had to be renewed, on an average at least once in the quarter. The minds of general readers I had found fatigued with this iteration of the same points of argument, necessaryily I thought Op[-]sion was ripe forunavoidable written the limits of an editorial column, it was neccesary to get up something narrative & fanciful to attract attention; besides which my illness admonished me of the expediency of record – ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F1_I3_p002.jpg) ing facts in a sufficiently permanent form to serve for purposes of defence after I should be carried off the field. So I accepted the first eligible invitation to Lecture that I received, from a Literary Society, stipulating that I wd. name my subject after my discourse was written, and set to work to write (The Mormons.) I gave myself four weeks: I was full of my subject, but suffered much from pain & weakness as to be unable the major part of the time to hold a pen in my hand. However, I went at it i[-]f[--] I went in spite of the entreaties of [-] my friends & family who thought me [--] beside myself, and if, through acute illness I did miss any one day, the night found me on head, with a kettle of hot tea , a bucket of foot bath of hot water, and a towel soaked in brandy round my forehead scratching away ti[--] when my household were asleep. trying to remember this incident, or recal that fact, or drowsy anecdote, and after weaving it into narrative, to give the whole a light and good humored air, as if like Greasalde' the [---] clown at the Theatre who danced with most spirit [---] his [running down the side on the left:] Old Grimmaldi theclown clown gout was at its worst. I was done before my time and, true to my engagement had myself carried to the - Lecture Hall before my audience assembled, and spoke forty minutes came out on them with The Mormons. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F1_I3_p003.jpg) Having taken a strong drug to diminish the circulation & action of the heart, I was able to speak forty minutes by the watch without hemorrhage. But after it was over, it seemed all over with me; I fainted away before I reached home, and for days after, was so prostrated as hardly to be able to move in bed. Yet again I rallied, — and enough to put correct the proofs of [---] <[---]ons> and perform other labor upon two editions w.[-]. I put through the press. — though of course it was the by the Doctors this was the mere struggle of a moribund., and nothing more. When I left [-] Now mark the change — I went to Newport the Second Edition through, I left all my work work standing and went off to Newport. — from that moment as if at signal given, my health seemed to undergo a change. My most sanguine anticipation was that I should be perhaps able to recruit enough strength to make it safe for me to visit the West Indies in the winter. I have so recruited that I do not think I shall need to go to the West Indies at all. What the Doctors say I do not care, I know that [---] my cough has left me, and my y[--] too, and that I have strength enough to return to my business and work at it with ability. A little ca[-] If I can lighten my tasks a little case are attention to health I am sure I will I am sure restore me permanently. and [---] to and even invite for me all the Blessings my good old friend the Patriarch bestowed upon my head. I have just returned from, Washington here I went immediately upon my return from Newport to use my [The following is written small in center of page] (c[---] (*) I sent you copies of one of them [---] to some of you to express my respe to the It is contrary to my Rule to print over anything over my signature but I embraced [---] this opportunity of expressing to some of you my resp[---] , by sending [---] by [---] I hope, I have [---] receded ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F1_I3_p004.jpg) influence with Mr. Fillmore in favor of the nominations for Utah. Dr. Barnhisel has promised to give you the details of this as well as your other affairs of the same kind, and it is therefore incumbent upon me only to make one remark. that I believe injury was done expressing my regret that your interests should have suffered by the in[---]t conduct of Mr. A. W. Babbitt when a single day might have saved the nominations from harm by his interferance whose duty it was It is incumbent upon me also to state [--] I had desired before the It was incumbent upon me before the occurrence, to advise you against returning Mr. Babbitt again as your representative Until Deseret is admitted into the Union, I do not think I would not be exacting as to the qualifications of her representative, but it is very important he should be upright discreet upright and of good report that those who point to him and say, there goes a Mormon, may find marked their approval of his Religion. My own counsel as to Deseret a sort of Ambassador is taken as the specimen man of his constituency Whether too in politics he pursue a wise neutrality or otherwise ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F1_I3_p005.jpg) In politics, too, if he cannot pursue a wise neutrality, he 5 should be at least be should of [---] careful in the choice of his association and consistent in the a consistent supporter of party and choice in his associates that belong to it. Otherwise he will have personal influence with neither party and gain not strength but only dependency from his party relations he may cultivates. A particular reason for the detention of Mr. Babbett you will find in the fact that his conduct has lost for him the respect of both parties. Disliked by the Whigs principally as I believe for [---] And thus has been presented the [---]ly And thus we had observed the unseemly spectacle of thus have perhaps learned And as you observe, they And [---] The Democrats have joined with the Whigs in the personal disrespect with which he has been treated <[---]> in The House. $57 $57.09 It pains me [---] so much to speak upon this [---], that you must let me add that this is the first instance I have ever known of f[---] any faithlessness whatever on the part of your agents. I desire it to be recorded, that throughout the my entire course of action on your behalf, I have only needed to call for the assistance of [---] <[---]> authorized members of your church to be sure of enjoying an assistant conscientiously [---] careful and [---] Puff B[---] Of The gentleman you have sent before Mr. Babbitt, for instance ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F1_I3_p006.jpg) I have g[-] had good opportunity of approving the value. Without any preparation for political life be has shown himself inferior to no occasion that has offered, while his upright department and gentlemanly demeanour that earned for him personal influence, were an encomium upon the principles he on no occasion pesitated to avow. I have to thank you for your presents; yet not for so handsome, yet so kindly selected to speak to me of your new home, far away from my own. The gold I had made up into seal rings which I distributed to H[---]ly the loading friends who have assisted in your vindication (Horace Greeley & others) reserving enough for to make three, who for one each for Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball & Willard Richards, as my own immediate personal with whom I am proud to avow my such relations. own immediate personal friends, with whom I am proud to avow my association as such. Now let me tell you of my disposition of the noble sleigh robe. I do not know that you have heard of my brother Surgeon Kane of the Navy, a sort of admirable Crichton who spends his life doing the handsome things that ladies love and men envy. Having nearly recovered from a lance wound received in Mexico, he volunteered last May to go with the expectation in search of Sir John Franklin, the gallant ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F1_I3_p007.jpg) . Englishman imprisoned in the North Polar Ice. He was in the Gulf of Mexico when he received intellegence from the Naval Department of the acceptance of his offer. Travelling on Night & Day he arrived, in Eight days after, he was outside Sandy Hook and in the ocean on his Northward way. He had not one days daylight to make all his purchases buy and make up all the clothing and outfit needed for his perilous errand He had great difficulty in obtaining furs Furs, an indispensable requisite, he had a <[---]l particular,> difficulty in obtaining and I gave him the robe wch. had been all winter the ornament of my office in old Independence Hall. I had compensations after doing so, till the other day, when [---] a letter was recieved from him out of the icebergs at the head of Baffer's Bay in which he speaks of it as the greatest comfort of his life. He is pledged to return it, if Providence grants himself to return, so that it may be only the more honored by being the first missionary of Mormonism [-] the North Pole. (I have [---]ted up two newspapers I have also to thank you for your kind hearted letters — though short, always so fresh and racy & spirited in composition. — and for your kind invitation to me to visit The Salt Lake. But the lines have fallen to me in less pleasant places. My heritage is among the oppressors ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F1_I3_p008.jpg) and victims (equally unhappy) of a [---]t an ancient and corrupt decaying society. I have been torn with the gold sworn in my wrath; to influence & responsibility, here, and it is here that God means one to exercise these, and to hold me to account for me stewardship. I shall hardly to seek p[---] conspicuous political life again, but my purpose to devote my what strength I have to the advocacy of (REFORM) though I have not your faith I must <[---] be a missionary of P[---] Truth & Progress and Reform. It is my belief that our Society must be reformed or from more natural causes. perish. It may be, I may find that to withstand is merely to perish. share its ruin, or I may find that [---]th [---] is the manly pursuit of duty may <[-]lanably> enforce me to persecution or far deprive me of my popularity and influence in my community as to relieve me of the my responsibility which I now feel -- in a[--] any of there cases, my friends I promise you I [---] seek the sure haven of Peaceful Deseret and secure behind its rocky ramparts, smile at the angry waves of passion that break in vain against its rocky mountain ramparts. Write to me freely and send me anyone to whoe I can render services. Thomas L. Kane. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F1_I3_p009.jpg) God bless you [---]. Believe that you please me * by this showing that you know a[--] you can count upon my affection and have as right to call me— your friend. Thos L. K. Remenber always that I am best pleased ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F1_I3_p010.jpg) Copy Letter To [-]ll. Fall 1850 ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F2_I1_p001.jpg) My dear friends More of the Neutrality! -- hard attitude to maintain between belligerents angry & eager – hardest of all where so many knaves are on each side with fools on the other. Hertofore the difficulty lay in defen[-]ing a sell to the Democrats. It is at least a variety to have to baffle the other disinterested wooers, the Whigs -- Save my time by reading carefully the enclosed Republic of this week The President you will observe, immediately upon his return from his late Southern excursion, wrote me (Letter 2) for a personal contradiction of charges against him by the Buffalo Courier. It happened that when I went on to Washington last fall to help the ap- pointment[-], the President did not ask of me any written voucher for his files; but after I think not more than a couple of interviews, in which he made me speak not as a politician but as a gentleman, expressed himself fully satisfied and made your nominations accordingly Not long before. I had heard there was silly talk about disturbing the Utah nominations. I was not dis posed therefore to neglect an apposite chance of re en- listing the Presidents good wishes through fear of giving his administration headway. For had I been ever so apprehensive, was it less my duty, politically speaking, to sustain the nomination of a Mormon ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F2_I1_p002.jpg) and to whose confirmation in Senate I was know to have contributed, or less my place as a man of honor to respond generously to one who had reposed his confi- dence in me. Besides Mr. Fillmore called upon me as a Democrat a political [-]pponent - an appeal that of itself I could not handsomely disregard My formal reply therefore (No 3) was "a repetition of my oral sentiments"" in a responsible form & over my signature "as s trait out & unflinching as I knew how to make it. But I went further and in order to supply the President with the points upon which to base his defend against your assailants gave him my letter headed personel, written in a tone of the fullest & freest personal confidence I was so satisfied that I had not misjudged my man & that this was the right way with him. Judge then of my sur prise to find in the Republic of the 15th, a vulgar & ill-written article manufactured in the mere intention of making Whig capital and for this purpose not only publishing my open letter to the President but, in a gar- bled & miserable form, every leading statement of my personal one that was available for party ends. Its tone too was in the highest degree weak & mischievious as you may judge from the fact that in the face of my direct c[-]ntradiction, it is as much as admitted the Spiritual [-]ife slander & that of leaugueing with the Indians. This was bad enough of itself; but besides, as ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F2_I1_p003.jpg) you see it played the very devil with the Neutrality. guarding_ The necessity of g[-]arding against Mr. Babbitt's improper conduct and disarming his improper associations though these were so called Democratic; a natural shade of politeness perhaps to the Administration not dispelled by politeness reciprocal; the known disgraceful behavior towards the Mormons of more than one Western Democrat most properly & wisely publicly resented; the Whig vote of the Pottawatamie Precinct denounced & not explaned by Democratic Editors;– all these unavoidable circum- stances had before gone to countenance the assumption of Mormon Union with Whigs. When therefore, the Courier a Lake City paper came out with the announcement that you Brigham Young were appointed as a Whig, and appealing to the credulous prejudice excited along the Lake's shore by conduct of Strang & Co. [-]n Beaver Island, denounced you by reiterating the old Mormons calumnies, it needed but this wretched editorial of the Republic defending you a very little & the Whig administration a great - deal m[-]re, to bring out all the petty democratic papers glad to cater to the bigotry political & religious, of their readers & adopt the issue thus seemingly tend[-]er & accepted. I saw it beyond retrieval. The next thing was to be of course the enlistment of the superior journals dragged into the fray by a force beyond my control, and after this your own ultimate committal, complete & beyond redemption— Your position then that of Whigs per- f[-]ce; and because perf[-]ce therefore ensured the [---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F2_I1_p004.jpg) degree of practical kindness from allies knowing you could not desert them, with the utmost enmity of their because your irrecionciliable opponents. Good bye in Short to all the advantages of the Neutral position There was small qualification to be gained in the other hand from the fact of my name appearing in the side of your defence, for the John Jones of the unscrupulous Repub- -lic had so mixed me up with the affair, in & out over under through in the double capacity of champions of the Mormons and correspondent (i[-]s[-]mi[-]l) of the Fillmore; but it was anything but plain so far as the next went, that I was not a mere sham Democrat guilty of premeditate collusion with him and his party My past course too, has been such that, though I do believe the Democrats want bad enough to ^[just now] have me I am so far from living inside their tents with my political chastity [--]m self approbant. I should have been seriously embarrassed h[-]w to act had not the breach of confidence towards me personally so prettily indicated my course There. There had been impropriety in the use made of my letter (4) yet as I had in words added at the close a permission to make discreet "use" of its contents; it was only apparent from the general tone of the letter, which I could not seem anxious to publish Luckily however the Republic man, in his own greed iness to figure p[-]mpous -ly and make a swashing party leader, had printed a lie ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F2_I1_p005.jpg) assuming personal acquaintance with me, & laid unblushing hands on a copy of your Omaha letter to Pres.dt Polk. So I – m[-]llite[-] mam[--] – laid hands in him in the manner you see[-] . I wish almost you were here to relish the laughing in my side. Let him laugh indeed that win[-]s I the fact was I imagine; that poor Sargent and Company of Lacqueys, had no notion I would quite so promply accept an open [-]uarrel with their President and hence we outmanoevured without the least especting it. The thing now stand this. The better to put my negative in the appe[--]ance of collusion, I sent my com- munication to the Pennsylvanian, the [--]dding organ t[-]ice Mr. Ritchie's withdrawal from the Union, of the Hunker wing of the Democratic Party. The Editor of that paper evidently seeing how his land lay better th[--] unfortunate Mr. Sargent, prefaced it by the commendatory article you see, about the best t[-]ned squib we have yet had f[--]m the Mormons, as it vindicates & sustains Salt Lake upon "one of the fundamental articles of the Democratic faith," Then first in time (by a remarable c[--]incidence) the Buffalo Courier upon which I had had the screws put, came out with a [-]e[-] action I had written for it:– first two days before the Pennsy lvanian the second day only after the Republics a[---] & therefore just in time to escape the charge of being influenced by either. The publication of the Old Polk letter showing you once had Democratic tendencies, the publication of the Fillmore ones showing the chance of making you[-] Whigs now; Old Guardsmen around looking out for a lark ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F2_I1_p006.jpg) & expecting to back up my father's son; -- thereupon the little democratic pack of county editors that was ready to open in the army tent, sees that something is in the wind and buys out Mormon praises as good as if they were sincere .And thereupon the Republic put in a light place convicted of trick that failure make more shameful doubles outright & makes it ill-mouthed but explicit apology This I send you. It says you see. In regard to the publication of the message of the Mormons to the President Polk who have to say that it was [-] paper covered by the enclosure of Col. Kane & placed at our disposal placed at our disposal by the President of Co[--]se; Since immediately after follows my polite announcement that I am not acquainted with the Editor & have never communicated with him directly or indirectly... Nor was it supposed [--] Oh Yes. but I am offended I am -- furious mad in fact But between ourselves, it w as about the best thing for the right side that has turned up since the B[-]ll was opened. It was a perfect God send to get out such a well timed disproof of the Old W[--] D[---] charge along with an assertion of your integrity but I could not publish it. And any Democratic paper or any friendly one such as the Tribune for instance publishing it with given consent lost half its pertinency But to have it freed out, pulled out by a Democratic cha[-]ge published all bleeding like a tooth let go hard nothing but the luck of lucks which is the luck of Church of J C. of LDS. could have brought such a ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F2_I1_p007.jpg) a windfall, How far the fact &c ma[-] have had the effect &c. Well now I do wonder! This This palinodic pathos is substantially valuable in the Republic. Its milk & water defence of Mormonism so easily outdone by the Pennsylvanian & Democratic papers & even the Couriers recantalion invite the whole of that side to hang their hats a peg higher. Whereupon the country takes the impression that Mormon stock must near par; since Whigs and Democrats are bidding first up and up one against the other. How high will it go. Who'll hurrah loudest at Washington for Joseph Smith & Brigham Young – Genl. Scott or Govr Cass. Here ends your matter. But I have reached my third sheet, and will add a line upon my one. Let me say that I took an unfavorable impression of Mr. Fillmore with regret. I first knew him when we were Democrat & Whig, two Free Soilers together. I liked him & liked his course to you which only the interference I signalized in my last letter hindered, I thought, from being still more wise & fair. He had said flattering things of me too, to mutual friends; and all that sort of thing Yet as a gentlemen he left no alternative. To reflect upon his bench of confidence, however discreetly–yet decidedly I was compelled It is therefore with sincere pleasure, that I am authorized to return to friendly relations. Considering courteous intercourse at an end, between us. I sent the article of the Pennsylvanian on the 19th, the day of its appearance in an envelope ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F2_I1_p008.jpg) [-] by itself, but having inscribed over the face containing an enclosure from Thomas L. Kane, A small b[--] magistrate might easily have put on dog p[---]ts & dig[--]t[-] at this Mr. Fillmore ordered the Editor of the Republic to publish my complete communication to the Pennsylva- nian and by return Mail wrote the letter of which I enclose a copy I could not ask more; & I think it my duty to say to you as I do to all parties who have taken an interest in this controversy, that I am perfect. ly satisfied, and rejoice to know Mr. Fillmore as one less anxious to remember he is President than prove he is a gentleman: I have given you your narrative of this affair contrary to my custom in such cases that you may see the necessity of promptly attending to the request I now make. I want all the papers vouchers & narrative you can get up on these charges. Unfortunately you leave me not backed up in ordinary matters, now adays and I may need some fine morning to study backwards [-] be caught at fault at some considerable point _ In the present case you see I had to give my word in pledge and rely upon you to redeem it. If you have a spare Buncombe in two in the most eloquent style of Dr. Richard's they will not come amiss. Hospitality is ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F2_I1_p009.jpg) a virtue even an Arab can appreciate. I am sorry it was necessary to begin so much ad[---]m including the fireside & Mrs Young. But I had the example of the Jackson Campaign before me to then nothing else would d[-]. The assaults on Old Hickorys married life were at first successful in the highest degree and it really seemed in time places that the more his feelings were outraged the better people were pleased But one day some one spoke of the feelings of Mrs Qa[-]hs[-]n; & from that moment the game was all up. Every body was ready to sympathize with the woman the mans' conduct was never questioned after .In writing to the President too, domestic circumstances to which I can thus only advent enabled me to know well when I was striking This letter goes subject to some restrictions of confidence as its predecessors God bless you all & p[---]d & p[---]. keep you f[--] & pr[-]nt Your friend Thomas L Kane Brigham Young Heber C. Kimball Willard Richards . Independence Hall Philadelphia July 29, 18[-]1 ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F2_I2_p001.jpg) From B Y. 9/15/1851 H. Kimball W. Richards To T. L. K. Great Salt Lake City, Sept. 15, 1851 To our Dear Friend, Colonel Kane: Our Friend, a title, than which we can give no greater; we would give no less; we received it with pleasure, we impart with delight, and may the reciprocity grow brighter unto the day of Perfection. The Doct: penned a line on the 31st of August or rather early on 1st Sept. to forward by Dr. Bernhisel; but, by delay of the messenger, or the Doct: on the track too early, it laid over, and is here enclosed; a scrap of little consequence, only as a remembrancer. President Hyde leaves on return to Kanesville this week, accompanied by Friends Benson and Grant, for the purpose of gathering the Saints to our peaceful home; and perchance one or more of them may have occasion to pass through your pleasant city; we feel unwilling they should do so without having occasion to call on our Friend; let the occasion be ever so trifling, if no more than Post Bay, for we think you too well acquainted with these friends to need any formal introduction; but will rather hint at things of greater moment, so far as time will permit from other duties, before their departure. We had anxiously been watching your pen for some time; fearing, yet not without strong hope, that a stay of renewed vigor and usefulness, would soon dawn; and an anxiety was relieved by receipt of your letter of July 11/50, many months after date, also of Sept [words obscured by seal] and Feb. 19/51 although your message to Doct. Richards, with the inclosing letter to W. W. Phelps [words obscured by seal] been heard from. The exalted tone of your testimonials, in favor of the Utah Judiciary [words oscured by seal] especially the Hon. W. Brocchus, are most perfectly understood, and most highly appreciated; and at this point we will only remark that it is a rumor of two days; among, or in the region of the Suburbs of the Upper Ten thousand; or, to say the least, among the Lobby members, that the whole foreign delegation of Utah Authorities, are about to return to their nativity, of which event, should it prove true, I trust we shall be informed seasonably so as to give some reasons, pro and con, before we close this; be this as it may, of one thing be assured, that the officers of Utah were received with cordiality, and honored with all the respect, which, as gentlemen, they were capable of appreciating; and if it is not the overplus, unappreciated, which has caused the "toe of the shoe" to be set where "the heel should be", it will require some abler historian to define the course of its present position. We rejoice, with you, that Providence spared, until you could rightfully "esteem the battle for the Mormon reputation ended", I.E. for the then time being, but to suppose for a moment, that the General War, on "Mormon reputation", or Saint's Salvation, ended, or at its meridian; would be as absurd and false, as to suppose that all that shines, is pure gold. When the earth is purified by fire, it will be known when works have been like gold, silver, and precious stone; and whose will be like wood, hay, and stubble; and until that day, the war between the Kingdom of God, and the Kingdoms ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F2_I2_p002.jpg) of the world (of Satan) will wax hotter and hotter, with occasional slight intervals of rest, in appearance only, as you have seen, but as yet there is no time for burying the dead. We drop this hint to a friend that he may not be found with his armor off, while spies attack him when asleep or he be ambushed in the rear. It is all skirmishing as yet, the great battle is by and bye, and he that fights to the end will be proclaimed conqueror, and receive his crown; but if he turns his back he falls, to be buried in the dark, or to be eat by vultures. We regret that you should have had any trouble with our friends real, or pretended; but our net hauls in fish of all kinds and they are all good for something: If there were no kitchen maids and bottle workers, how could there be gentlemen? W. B. said that the Doctor was too much of a gentleman to go to Washington and do the dirty work, that he could go into the kitchen and do the dirty work, and the Doct: could act the gentleman; and did they not perform their parts well and according to anticipation? clean dishes get hauled into dirty water some times; but no matter, they wipe clean again. How those gentlemen are esteemed in Utah, let the Electoral vote answer. Dr. B. received every vote cast for Delegate, while Esq.re B. received not one. comment is useless, all is right, with us, and we hope with our friend K. also, at least that he may no longer be troubled from the same source. We have hitherto observed a strict neutrality in politics, so far as popular parties, of the day are concerned, as you may have learned by the "news" which has been regularly mailed to you, but which is now suspended for a little season, at least. All the cliques, parties, Divisions, and subdivisions of the age, in politics, are easily cast in two grand moulds Truth, and Falsehood; and so far as it may be possible that we diverge from the first, or embrace the second, we are not Mormons. And so far as we are Mormons, we embrace the first, and despise the second. Our "Ancient Friend, Patriarch Smith" coming in at this moment. I read to him your request, where you wish to know "if he would be willing to reiterate his blessing now"! and ask "Does he say it is still to hold?" and when I closed the venerable man, exclaimed, "it shall hold !!" Please say to Col. Kane for me, I have not written him, but am ever ready to acknowledge his favors: and he may rely on the blessing I gave him. I have lived all the days appointed unto man on the Earth, but I still hope to live to see him in the Valley; I believe it will be for his health to take a journey to this Valley". Thus much for the good Old Patriarch; and you may believe his words. Doct. Sprague your old nurse at Omaha Camp, coming in at the moment, says, ’’remember me kindly to Col. Kane,” and thousands more would gladly say the same. We received the Pamphlets ’’The Mormons” and perused them with pleasure. They speak for themselves, to lovers of truth; to others, praise would be useless. The pleasure of doing good, is the ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F2_I2_p003.jpg) greatest consolation of a righteous man. The time when they were written, the attendant circumstances, the motive for writing; the object to be accomplished; and the perseverance under the opposing intreaties of friends, and commands of Doctors: All these God had regard unto, and when he saw you determined to sustain the cause you had espoused, at risk of life, friendship, and all: he said, or seemed to say, it is enough, I am satisfied with the integrity of my servant Thomas, and I will heal him, so that he shall still live, and be a blessing unto my people; and from hence you may date health, life renewed, and all its enjoyments. The motives which influenced your pen on the eve of your departure eastward; and your determinations and conclusions, while life was fast flitting from the lamp of hope, concerning future schemes, are worthy of Memorial; and I here take the liberty to suggest that the M. S. history, referred to by you in said letter, can find no safer deposit, than in the Temple archives, Let me explain. As historian of the Church of Jesus Christ L.D.S. which will combine the general history of the age. I feel anxious to embody all facts, under their appropriate dates, which are worthy of remembrance, by future generations. In the course of my writings, I have found many things, which are not desirable for immediate publication, as they might effect individual feeling, &c, but the facts themselves are indispensable to a perfect history. What then should I do but arrange those items, under their own dates, and in order, ready to be added to future Editions, when the reasons which have suppressed them shall have passed bye. Until then let them remained sealed, after I have assigned them place, which I prefer to do myself, relation to all things transpiring during my writing; possessing, as I do, the folly to belie [text obsured by seal] that I can assign appropriate places to all records under my observation, better than the future historian who must be ignorant of attendent circumstances, could I believe for a moment that you would have any fear for the safety of the papers, I would not have made these suggestions, but, I feel that I am writing to a friend who can and will appreciate my motives, let your decision be what it may, concerning the matter. Expecting to write again before the bearer leaves, We subscribe ourselves Your friends, unchangeable as truth Brigham Young Heber C. Kimball Willard Richards. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F2_I2_p004.jpg) Young Sept 15 1851 Col Thomas L. Kane Philadelphia to the care of E. T. Benson} or J. M. Grows} ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F2_I3_p001.jpg) Great Salt Lake City May 20, 1853 My very dear Friend/ Your letter (Personal) of Oct. 17, I received the 8th inst: and improve the first mail to receipt the favor. Most of the heavy mail from Independence, since Nov. is still en route, so hazardous and forbidding have been the Mountain Passes; So severe was the winter, that most of the fleete[-] animals became extinct on the [---] route; and an ox train is now supplying the deficiency with our heavy mail. This will suffice, for the delay of your letter. After reiterating the warmest sympathetic associations for the loss of your dear friend and brother; Permit me to thank you most cordially for the open, frank, and candid expression of your views and feelings, on one important truth connected with my history, and the history of friends and worlds with which I associate. Your brief, explicit, and plain expression of fear and feeling, endears you to me, more than all the Rhetoric of ages could have done; fear, that I am wrong; feeling, that you desire me right. These are such views as the Gods exercise, so far as knowledge permits those views to have place in their breasts. Permit me to repeat, your plainness strengthens our bonds of endearment, for my soul delights in plainness; and God himself is a plain Being and delights to be understood by all, to whom he communicates. You close the free expression of your feelings on one point, with:- "I can now discharge you and myself, from further notice of the subject." therefore I feel free to pass that subject, except so far as general principles are concerned, and I have not the least desire to introduce any thing in my communication, that should give you the least pain or anxiety. Whatever you have found me, you will so continue to find me, until my nature is changed by power irresistible; and when that occurs, I shall not be accountable for the change; but you will have to take me there as you find me. There are contingencies in all things on Earth, except the principle of Eternal Truth; and the application of that principle, has been so variable in the days of Revelation; that many, have doubted whether principle did not vary, as well as the application of it. Illustration. God gave to Israel, through Moses, a law, designed for their salvation; but when he found by their acts that they would not save, but destroy themselves by that law, He so far abrogated that law, as to give them another, which they would keep; and thus, by changing the order of the school, and not the principle of truth, salvation, He brought them to Christ, whom they crucified; and to the Gospel, which they rejected; consequently there was no further excuse for them, and they were scattered among all Nations; but, thank God, they will be gathered again, in this generation. There was a great, an important contingency in the Establishment of our Glorious Union. Have any of the Nations of the Earth such another constitution? No! This is far above them all. so may it continue! But if the colonies had failed to accomplish their object, would not their yoke of bondage been ten fold heavier? Did they not know this? Did this deter them from their designs? From what they knew was right? Did they refrain from acting on principle, because they feared that Washington would not have a man to come after him who could not govern as well as he did? If they had, where would we now have been in the scale of nations? And where are the United States now? where have they been? With a Washington at their head all the time? Is there the same virtue in the people now there was then? Are they as moral and truly pious as they were then? Are the Executors, Legislators, and Judiciary of the Nation and States, as upright as they were then? Easily answered. But suppose they are not: Does that prove that the principles of the Constitution are not right? And is it wise to desert from correct principle, because some body, or even the mass may abuse it? Certainly not! ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F2_I3_p002.jpg) Sir, next to my God, and the Salvation of the children of men, I glory in the American Constitution, for that is a part of my religion; It was given by revelation, and promises to me, and to all who dwell under the broad spread wings of her boundless Eagle, that freedom of thought, and action, which enables me to worship the God who gave it without ~ molestation; and to communicate to, and receive from friends, principles of life and salvation, for time and in Eternity. But when we look to other Governments, Christian or Heathen, what do we find? England excepted; believe as I believe, do as I do, and you can be protected in your conscientious belief; and even in England, an oath of abjuration or allegiance, with certificate from civil court, is required; and licensed room, before any man is safe to declare his religious belief, unless he be a licentiate of the Established Hierarchy. In France, Germany, and other civilized and Christian Nations, if a Minister of the Bible can get permission to express his views of Christianity in public, it will be because he thinks as they think, or else he must do little else than win the gauntlet to get that permission in any form; and when he has the permission, has little or no protection but God and his own arm, to defend his permission. Not so under the American Constitution; every man is guaranteed the right to worship his God according to his conscience, and express his belief in any or no religion, and it is nobody's business, but his own, so long as he does not disturb his neighbor, or molest him in His worship. And if this principle has not been, and is not carried out, it is because the rulers have been or are corrupted; and the people, by their unvirtuous faith and actions, and unholy, anti christian principles, love to have it so; but so long as the people of these United States, have virtue, chastity, and Godliness enough left in them, to select virtuous and wise Executors, Legislators, and Judges to rule over them, who will be governed by the Constitution of the Union, which they are sworn to support, all Earth and the gates of hell with all their inmates, will never prevail against them; and when the nation shall become so corrupt, that truth can find no place in its midst, and the constitution shall be utterly trampled under foot by aspiring demagogues, who profess to uphold it, (for the sake of gain) and the people love to have it so, God will take up the Nation as he does the sea, like a very small thing in the hollow of his hand, and dash it to the bottom, Just as one extreme usually follows another. Where then shall we be? What our situation? Where, O Earth, will be thy nation of freemen? Where the Man, upon thy face, who can worship his God in liberty, without license from Civil Court? Shall we exclaim, O Heavens! Let us not live to see this day? I will say, No! Lord let me live until the Earth is, swept clean of wickedness, and ~ righteousness prevail. But where is this world going to? Look at the fires, incendiaries, accidents, shipwrecks, calamities, Roberies, Rapes, Murders, and the whole catalogue of devastations that are weekly reported, and tell where is the world going to? What the doom of the Inhabitants thereof? I would that the whole world would become regenerated, would believe the truth; would become enlightened; would abandon superstitions and dogmas that profit nothing; and learn to be freemen; christians in very deed; do as they would be done unto; and dwell eternally in the heavens. It is for this I live; for this I labor night and day; for this I am willing to toil and suffer, to save my fellow men, 'till my life is spent, 'till the God of Abraham and Joseph shall say enough, come home. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F2_I3_p003.jpg) Thus, my dear Sir, you will perceive that I have expressed my feelings as freely and frankly as yourself; and this is what makes me glory in American Liberty; even if I am compelled to flee to the mountains to enjoy it, and you may tell your friends for ever and for ever, if you please so to do, that the principles of our great Magna Charta, the American Constitution, I shall defend, while God gives me breath, if I have to flee to Africa Deserts for doing it; so that when a friend writes to me with open heart, I can answer him as freely, and not find myself bound by that world darling espionage, which circumscribes all other nations but this, (England 1/2 excepted) I expect this will reach you at a beloved Father's Domicil. Though you did not print that you were anticipating a visit to Southern Isles, I learn, by letters from a friend, that you have taken a Migration for your health, which, I would hope has proved triumphant in your restoration; although as I have before expressed, if you felt inclined Westward, you would find Desert a more healthy place than any Island of the sea: passing the miasmatic quagmires of the Missouri, at the earliest date, and resting a short season at Laramie, you would find yourself among your friends, in our peaceful valley, in improved health. Dont be afraid of any little trouble or expense you might be at, in the Bee Hive, (and I speak of it because of your frequent expressions on Omaha lands,) for we are differently situated now, and can give you, at least, a comfortable room and bed, if not as good as you can find in Philadelphia , you will call it good, for Mountain[--]s; and for the productions of the Earth, and good nursing, (which I trust you will rejoice that you do not need) you shall not want; if you can trust to your experience. If you wish to return the same season, let your wishes be executed; but if you find it agreeable to spend a winter with us, you will find many warm friends here to bid you welcome, and none more so than myself. Command me as freely as you have offered your commands, and a thousand fold more so, in any thing that may lend to promote your peace, comfort, health, or happiness, that I have to bestow, and your commands will ever meet with a warm response, and believe me as you ever have, a lover of truth and righteousness; a dispenser of the truths and blessings of Divine Providence to all within my reach, and an undeviating friend to those who have ever proved themselves friendly, like the beloved Coll. Kane, not for filthy lucre, but from pure friendship and the truth's sake. Brigham Young P.S. The Doctor, learning that I am writing to Coll. Kane, wishes to be remembered most affectionately, says he has refrained from writing for a long time, fearing his scriblings are not acceptable, as he has received no answer. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F2_I3_p004.jpg) Col Thos L. Kane Philadelphia Pa ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F2_I4_p001.jpg) Utah Territory Great Salt Lake City Jany 31st/54. My Dear Friend Your letter of July 18th 1853, contain= =ing the news of your marriage &c. was received some 2 months after, and was laid by for the present, in hopeful expectation, that the "Friendship Offering" might also have a chance to speak for itself; But presuming that no opportunity having occured, I might wait in vain, at least longer than I wished without answering your excellent letter, I proceed without further apology. Well, you are married! Please accept, (though rather late for wedding salutations,) my most hearty, and sincere congratulations; not forgetting your good Lady, for your happiness, peace, and prosperity. I am truly glad of it! And pray that you may long live upon the earth to enjoy the sweet society of "wife, children, and friends," and when at last old age shall have arrived, may your numerous progeny, the fruit of your own loins, be your faithful Representatives upon the earth, and rejoice your heart in undying affection, ever cherish= =ing the proud reflection of worthy ancestory; feeling that they too came of parentage, who were the soul of honor,– the heart of benevolence and charity, the faithful ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F2_I4_p002.jpg) dispensers of Truth and Justice, the defenders of right, and whose fair escutcheon, not the most unblushing effrontery, shall dare to tarnish with an unworthy re= flection. Is this enough? To live, and be fairly represented in Posterity is desirable, is a glory often sought, but will never satisfy the yearning after immortality, the cravings of the human soul, the structure and design of our being. To live! To increase! To build up! To spread abroad, upon the platform of never ending existence. increase, <&> progression in posterity, in wisdom, in strength, honor, and glory, and in all excellence, is much better than a mere posthumous halo around a semblance of what once existed. But now alas! nearly lost, forg= =otten, and finally quite enveloped, and absorbed in the mist and fog of a few short ages to be remembered no more, Always abounding in truth, may we ever cherish those principles which lead in present life to honor and virtue, and in future life to eternal exaltation and glory. I am rejoiced to learn of your improved state of health, for I really feared the result of your Southern visit; truly a father's, or Patriarchal blessing, is better than a worldly inheritance. Politics When shall Utah become a State? Is the Federal Gov= =ernment too old to establish a precedent? Can not Deseret gain admission prior to another Presi= ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F2_I4_p003.jpg) 5 =dentical Election? The Politics of the Nation are rather too diversified for us to very much appreciate, forgive us therefor, if we get up some of our own. The Rail Road to the Pacific, from the Missouri, via of the Great Basin, cannot pass without benefitting us upon any practicable route; here is the natural Great Central Depot to Southern California and Oregon, the natural diverging point, or crossing place. We send you a Copy of the Memorial to Congress, and also proceedings of a Mass Meeting upon that subject, which will fully express our views, in relation to feasibility of Route, facility of construction &c. We consider that Box Elder Pass, South Fork of the Platte, and Laramie Plains; besides being the most judicious route, for its location will combine the Northern and Eastern interest at least as far South as St Louis, and the mouth of the Ohio River. It should be a National work, and constructed without delay; the Magnetic Telegraph should also precede it. Give us a Magnetic Telegraph in Two years, and a Rail Road in five years; it may be completed to this point in that time, if not fully finished. The true policy of the nation is to bring it through the heart of the Country. The trade of the Pacific, and the Commerce of the old world, will be poured into the very lap of the nation. It will be the most natural Highway from England to India, and be a much quicker passage than it would, should they even su= cceed in the hitherto fruitless search of a North West ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F2_I4_p004.jpg) Passage. It may, and it must be speedily accomp= =lished; the energy of the Republic should be concentrated in the first instance upon this route; ultimately it is presumable that other lines will be established. There is no question, but that the business will increase as fast, and probably faster than facilities to acc= ommodate it can. We are informed that our present Judiciary is Supplanted, by the appointment of other Judges; very well, I suppose that it is necessary that the country should sometimes suffer, to promote party ends, but really, we had become quite attached to our present incumbents; so much so, that we could have been quite satisfied, had the political Guillotine fallen elsewhere. They also appeared quite contented to remain with us, and had taken some interest in the affairs of the Territory, as though they were a component part, and whose interest was measurably identified with ours; in this they are unlike any of their predecessors, or other non=resident Officers. By the way, I wish to propound a question to you, somewhat connected with the Judicial pro= ceedings in this Territory. One William May killed a man of the name of Gokee; May was indicted by a ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F2_I4_p005.jpg) Grand Jury, convicted, and tried, under the laws of the United States, and was sentenced to be hung, when he doubtless should have been indicted, and tried under the Laws of Utah. The question now arises, whether in the matter of pardon, the Executive shall be governed by the ruling of the Court in the mode of trial, or by the power granted in the Organic Act, regardless of said ruling. I have good and sufficient reasons why he should be pardoned, and had I followed my own suggestions, I, doubtless should have done so, but finally concluded to Repreive him, until the care could be decided by the President, who will probably do it; but if he should not, I may, as I am convinced there has been foul play in procuring this conviction. I should be much pleased to have your views upon the subject touching my right to act in this matter. The opinion of an unswerving friend, the son of an eminent Jurist, and more a man whose judgment is ripening amid research, and of personal acquirements, as well as extended acquaintance with men and things, would have, as it certainly would be entitled to receive due weight, and consideration, and I wish you to consult your father, and other reliable jurists, upon the point of my right to pardon in this case. I cannot think that I under=rate true friend= =ship, although the world's friendship and myself parted company long since, much however to my satisfaction, ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F2_I4_p006.jpg) and it is not that, nor yet their good opinion that I covet, but simply, that right, and justice may have its course regardless of all else. Dr Willard Richards is at present very ill, doubts are even entertained of his recovery, but we hope for the best, his health as you are aware has been poor for many years. Your old friend the Patriarch, is also slowly sinking away, until quite recently he has been able to officiate in his office, and many a heart has rejoiced under the blessing of the Good Old Man. Our settlements are prosperous, although Indian disturbances somewhat retarded operations the past season. They are quiet now, being hemmed in by the snow, but we think if they resume hostilities in the spring, we shall be compelled to chastise them severly. Our hopes are, that we may be able to effect a good understanding with them, without resorting to offensive war, hitherto we have operated strictly on the defensive, and our policy has ever been to conciliate them, and to learn them the art of civilization. Of our success in this work, you can judge from the fact, that at a harvest feast given in Parrowan, Iron County, all the natives who had assisted, in raising and securing the Grain, were invited to attend; when they were found in that small settlement to number 154; these are principally Piedes. A small family of Utahs, who professed friendship ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F2_I4_p007.jpg) in the vicinity were also invited, but refused to participate in the feast. Less hypocrisy there, than in the higher circles of society, when they plan your destruction, while they eat your broth. I find that I have written a long letter, and one I fear that may intrude matters and things upon your attention; but still I hope, not an unwelcome Messenger. Numerous friends who know you as a friend in time of need, known and unknown to you, join in friendly greeting to Col Kane. Bros H. C. Kimball, J. M. Grant, and George A. Smith, wish to be particularly remembered, and from myself, please accept kind assurances of unalterable respect, and esteem, in the bonds of truth. Beleive me Truly and sincerely Ever your Friend Brigham Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F3_I1_p001.jpg) My dear Friend, I have about time enough, I take it, to despatch an answer to your letter of Octr 30th by the California Steamer of the Although, therefore, my stronger impulse is to indulge in the language of sentiment, responding to your valued, friendly, and affectionate expressions. I shall more appropriately answer first the business proposal which you make me. Ruling out the questions of in= =terest, I am happily saved the delay of making up my mind. I was constrained to consider the general question, if I would accept of office in Utah, a good while ago; and, after mature deliberation, I was able to decide without a doubt that I ought not to either connect myself in interest with the people of the Territory or allow any such use to be made of my name as would support the allegation that my interests were identified or connected with theirs. My notion was that my opinion upon your affairs. my voice and testimony in your favour would be impaired in value if I consented to descend from my impartial position with respect to you. I see no material change of circumstances ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F3_I1_p002.jpg) Except, perhaps, that, as you have it, storm has since subsided into calm, and what were doubts and contingencies, into the full strenght and certainty of prosperity. I am proud of the hearty and natural meaning of your invitation, that I should sit down in your company to the holiday feast, as one who also worked his six days through with you — And yet, is all so well assured – is the ascendant of Justice so secure, that you will not need me any more? I have believed so; but does not a recent untoward event admonish us to the contrary? I refer to Col: Steptoe's nomination. As I shall be compelled to ask Dr. Bernhisette explain how entirely I am un= =prepared for it. I shall also ask him to be so good as to state for me the the course which I pursued relative to your re-appointment as well as relate precisely how the matter now stands. Perhaps the evil is not yet irretrievable. Indeed I think you cannot afford to allow me to part with any portion of the strength I have which I hold in my own right. The necessity is thus spared me of raising the question if it would be perfectly agre= =able to your present delegate to resign his place. Propriety suggests, however, that I should re= =iterate on this occasion my testimony to his fidelity and discreet and modest efficiency. There are many more busy as well as more restless intriguers in the House_ quite a num- =ber of faster horses for the quarter heat; but I do not think I know another member of whom ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F3_I1_p003.jpg) I could assert with equal confidence that in all his career, hes has not committed one grave mistake, or been betrayed into a single false position. For a representative, to gain credit for himself, to seem active, to make a name is one thing; to really serve his constituents, another! I shall volunteer freely too, my aid and counsel to Dr Bernhisel; confident, after this fresh proof of your con= =fidence, that I shall encounter no want of deference to my judgment or hesitation in carry= =ing out my views. As far as my visit to Utah is concerned I do see a point on your side. Not to make the acquaintance of your more influential citizens merely; but to see you all and everything about you – to date my stories no longer of old '46: – it stands to reason I should make your words in my favour entitled to more weight. I know how you would receive me; to what an intimacy I should come, to how many; how, (hardest of all!) how patiently you would bear with my fashion of plain speaking upon matters even that the heart as well as the head would defend. So I shall keep it as a pet day dream, that, before too long, I may be able to arrange it, to come quietly over and pay you a friendly visit and brighten up again the links of the brave chain of trusting friendship. with which time has so long held us. Meanwhile, ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F3_I1_p004.jpg) you have reminded me sufficiently how far I have let myself fall behindhand in my knowledge of your affairs. The Pacific Rail- Road, the Land Bills, many other such questions, I must save leisure to bring myself up to. And I shall regard your letter to me as a request that I will use less delicacy than I have before this felt becoming in examining into your territorial business in general. After what I have written I have no call toadvert to your remark that you are assured it would doubtless please me to comply with your wishes. At no time (and I wish you to take this with meaning) have I allowed any person whatever to believe that I would under any circumstances accept any office or place of position or profit in con= =nexion with Utah. My gallant friend Grant will best explain how his mistake arose, if it has been one. — I am persuaded only out of the constant desire of his warm heart to do his friend a service. And so far Ido not misun= -derstand but sincerely thank him as I beg him to rest certain I have but one feeling _ about the whole matter. Of thanks, of thanks, not only for your offer and the motives evidently prompting it, but for the handsome and most gentleman= =ly manner in which it is extended to me. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F3_I1_p005.jpg) I am touched especially by the delicacy with which you seek to cover the questions involving my pecuniary circumstances. Happily, my worldly affairs are in every respect as I would wish them. No want of means would interfere with my journey, or house keeping in Great Salt Lake City, if I thought it my duty. I spend my annual income, every cent, as fast as it accrues but I do not spend it upon myself, I hold it only a troublesome stewardship, and should be anything but grieved if, tomorrow morning, or any other, I should find myself turned out of office, with only my clothes to my back and only my good pen in my hand. I do not save but I am personally sparing, if not economical, and I do not run into debt. I am in every sense, in my circumstances, independ- =ent._ You will not think me on this account less pleased to remember your liberal intentions Among friends or unfriends these things do not happen sooften in this world, that a man can be glad to forget them. Thank, then, for me, emphatically all around you who have been parties to your good will; and, for yourself accept once more the expression of my best wishes for your health and happiness. Your friend sincerely always ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F3_I2_p001.jpg) Great Salt Lake City, September, 30th 1855. Col Thos. L. Kane My Dear Friend: In accordance with your 'hope', your very frank, Kind, and welcome letter of July 10 came safe to hand on the 5th inst, of course too late for answering by the 1st, thus compelling you as well as myself to wait, with such patience as we may, upon the tardy and uncertain move= ments of the mail between here and Indep= endence. Before proceeding further permit me to congratulate you upon the lively and joyous addition to your family, and please accept my warmest wishes that Heav= =en's choice blessings may attend your daughter during her sojourn in this time even until she accomplishes the will of him who comm= itted her pure spirit to your care, and ful= =fills the fondest aspirations of her parents for her welfare. After your many ups and downs, resolve, and accident, you must indeed have been filled with joy, and most-truly do I rejoice with you, and your dear lady (unto whom I suspect I am, at least, somewhat indebted ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F3_I2_p002.jpg) for your present letter) in so goodly a harbinger of, I trust, a noble line of posterity. You can appreciate my sentiments on this point, for you are more or less aware of the high estimation in which I hold children as a blessing_ may yours richly prove so and be multiplied to your heart's desire. In our far off peaceful vales there is but little of grave moment transpiring to particularly interest one in the midst of the heavy, jostling and turmoil of the States busy millions, unless indeed the calm and quiet but energetic and virtuous, movements of our isolated thousands, in converting deserts into fruitful fields and building beautiful cities in waste places where no others would afford some gratification to a lover of the indomitable energy that pervades our population. The excitement of politics with all their fury is as yet unable to pass the lofty barriers on our eastern & western borders; hence our day of election pass off as quietly as do those of ordinary occupation and your tried and firm friend, Hon John M. Bernhisel, is again unanimously elected Delegate to Congress from the Territory of Utah. Notwithstanding the wide spread ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F3_I2_p003.jpg) devastation by grasshoppers, cricketts and other insects in the fields of most of our settlements, still a sufficiency for prudent wants has been and will be secured, and with reason able economy it is probable that no one in our borders need suffer for the necessaries of life previous to another harvest. Among our various improvements you will be gratified to learn that much attention has been paid to fruitraising, more especially in this city, and it would give me great pleasure to have the privilege of showing you through my young Gardens where grape vines were lately loaded with probably as large and finely flavored clusters as far famed California can boast and the peach trees are bending under the burden of larger and more luscious peaches than I ever remember having elsewhere seen; apples and other fruits adapted to our climate, also give promising indication of superior excellence. I am happy in being able to inform you that amid building mills, opening farms, and various other cares, and labors, I have finished and furnished a very tasteful and commodious am dwelling, and ^ so situated that I can make my ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F3_I2_p004.jpg) friends comfortable, if not happy, whenever they see fit to honor me with a visit; shall I ever have the pleasure of entertaining Col Kane & Lady? I am also finishing a very large and comfortable house adjoining the one just mentioned, and both connected with each other, and with my church and Territorial Offices, which when completed will enable me to render the most of my family (which you Know the world say is very large) quite comfortable, and at the same time allow me to bring the various channels of my public and private business under my more direct observation and control. Permit me to inquire if you have received any late informtion from your long absent brother, Mr Kane, in whose welfare and adventures. I feel a deep interest, and shall be much rejoiced to hear of his success in accordance with his most sanguine expectations. All is peace, progress, union, and prosp= erity in Utah. Your true friends, Prests Kimball, and Grant, and hosts of others wish me to give yourself and family their love and best wishes for your welfare, and I most cordially tender you mine. Praying that your pathway may ever be strown with all blessings desirable by the upright. I Remain, Your Friend Brigham Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F3_I3_p001.jpg) Utah Territory. Great Salt Lake City April 14th 1836. Col Thomas L. Kane. My dear Friend, Permit me again a few moments, to direct your mind to your old friends in the mountains, and as usual, to again tax the friendship of our valued, and much esteemed friend Col Kane. Utah, (alias Deseret) is coming by her Delegates, with Constitution, Memorial, and Census papers, showing apopulation of nearly 80.000. in their hands to knock for admission into the Union as a Sovereign State. The Convention, after a session of Ten days, during which time they formed, and adopted a Constitution, Memorial, elected Delegates &c; adjourned on the 27th ultimo. The doings of the Convention in pursuance of Law, were submitted to the people on the 7th instant for their approval, or rejection, and were unanimously adopted so far as we have heard from the returns. Col George A. Smith, and Hon John Taylor, were chosen delegates. What think you, will our application be favorably received, and acted upon? Shall we gain ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F3_I3_p002.jpg) admission into the Union this Session of Congress, in time to vote for President of the United States next November? May we rely upon your aid, and influence in effecting this desirable object? We confidently trust, that we may, therefore have taken the liberty of instructing our delegates to counsel, and co=operate together with you, and our worthy delegate Dr Bernhisel, in regard to this imp= =ortant matter. We strongly desire to become a state. We consider, that we possess all the elements, ability, power, and claims requisite for State Government. If we have been sufficiently scolded, thumped, thrashed, and beaten for youth and infancy; let us emerge from the leading strings, and assume our place among this family of nations. Though an applicant for Union with "Uncle Sam's", and expect to stand as thirty second to the old gentleman if he accedes to our wishes, and is willing to consummate our happiness, still we entert= his =ain no fears of ^ example of plurality affecting the morals of the people, how much soever it may excite their envy, jealousy, hatred, and strenous opposition to yield unto us our just rights, and receive us upon an equal footing with the older members. We expect, it will give some of them the heart ache a little, as we are young, and fair, and will naturally expect to ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F3_I3_p003.jpg) enjoy, at least a portion of the old gentlemans attention for a while, but they have had their days of youth, and should be willing to make a little allowance for us, besides, there is no use in trying to curtail him in his privileges, for every body knows that he will marry, let who will stand at the door. He was never known to refuse long at a time, and we are not the first companion in arms, that he has fought for, and bought with his money for that very purpose, when they should get big enough. Well, though young we feel that we are big a plenty, and have waited long enough. The compact is complete on our part, let him ratify, and accept it as in duty bound. Our constitution is silent upon the subject of slavery, leaving that question where Congress has left it with the People but neither our climate, soil, productions, nor minds of the people are congenial to African slavery. Our past experience in this Territory exemplifies the fact that it cannot exist with us as an institution. Many have emigrated to this Territory from the South bringing their slaves with them, but in a few years all were scattered and gone, not even the slaves themselves, though free to do so remaining in the Country. They have never been molested by law, and still there are not one in ten now in this Territory either bond, or free that have been brought here as slaves. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F3_I3_p004.jpg) This therefore, may be relied on by our friends, that while all men are free to come here, either with or without slaves their rights will be protected, but their own interest would induce them to leave their slaves elsewhere being an improfitable investment in Utah. It is our object, and wishes to leave our Legisl= =ature free to enact all such laws, as the nature of the case may require upon that subject. We now have a Law probably as suitable to our circumstances upon that subject as one could be made, and under which, that institution does not seem to flourish. This may be taken as an indication of the true state of the case, and should prove satisfactory to all parties, when the subject of adopting slavery was voted upon in the Convention; there were few found in its favor. We have retained the name of Deseret in our constitution, which we trust may be allowed to a with us, remain, although not ^ sine qui non ^ rather than not gain our admission and it depending upon that point alone, we would yield and enter the Union as Utah. Our friends, Bros George A. Smith, John Taylor, and Dr Bernhisel will confer with you in relat= =ion to our application, when, receiving your cordial, and effective aid, will add, but another deep obligation to the record of the past, for all of which, may the God we serve bless you forever. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F3_I3_p005.jpg) . Permit me to congratulate you upon the safe return of your brother Dr Kane. I have read with deep interest, sketches of his travels, and discoveries; his perils and escapes, and look anxiously forward to the time when I can have the pleasure of perusing them more in detail. I trust that his ambition in exploring the Artic regions is satisfied, though a praiseworthy motive prompted him, of which he has nobly acquitt= =ed himself. I think that the world must be pretty well satisfied by this time, that successful channels for commerce & trade do not lie in that direction. To the benefit of Geographical Knowledge, and of science only must accrue the benefit arising from the hard earned trophies of suffering and death expended in those dreary regions. We would then say, let the past suffice human energy, human existence has been taxed sufficient in their exploration; the contribution to Knowledge may be considerable, but not commensurate with the sacrifice. Wishing yourself and family, health, Prosperity, and peace, and the full enjoyment of every Social Virtue, and blessing. I Remain, Very Truly Your Friend Brigham Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F3_I5_p001.jpg) Presidents Office, G.S.L. City, Sep. 17, 1859. Col. Thomas L. Kane, Philadelphia, Pa., Dear Friend: – It affords me great pleasure to improve the present opportu- nity for safely transmitting a letter to you through the po- liteness of our mutual and good friend the Hon. William H. Hooper, our Delegate to Congress. Gen. Johnston and his command remain, as quietly as possible, ensconced in Camp Floyd, with the exception of occasionally sending out a small detachment. One detachment, under Major Lynde, was sent to escort some emigrants on their way to California by the northern route, a few wishing to leave here having applied for protection on that route, though, when they came to muster, the detachment had only 9 wagons to escort on a track whereon at the time there was no known danger. Re- markably condescending in Gen. Johnston to send a Major and escort with a few uneasy spirits! How many troops has Gen. Johnston ever furnished in Utah to protect the actual rights of American citizens? Not one? Judging from the past, how many is he likely to furnish for such an object? Not many. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F3_I5_p002.jpg) It is currently reported that a portion of the aforesaid escorting detachment, temporarily stationed apart from their major, treated some squaws very abusively, which naturally much enraged Indians in that neighborhood. Soon after that conduct, some of the Indians on the northern emigrant route began to way lay the emigration thereon, and attacked and plundered a small company, killing 3 or 4 of them. A small additional detachment was then sent north to apprehend or chastise the guilty, and in Box Elder Cañon made an onslaught upon the first camp of Indians they found, composed of a few old Indians and some squaws and children, far from the scene of murder and unknown as to their guilt or innocence, and came out of the fight with several wounded, one of the soldiers, in their rapid retreat, having wantonly shot and killed a friendly Indian boy who was peacefully driving together the herd of one of the citizens. Since then Major Lynde and Lieut, Gay have con. centrated their detachments on an elevated plateau on Bear river, secure from harm by Indians, and some distance from any route traveled by whites or any trail often used by Indians; and it is said the Indians have attacked two or more emigrant companies, plundering and killing, and threatening to continue their depredations. Immediately after the affair in Box Elder Cañon some Indians drove ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F3_I5_p003.jpg) off quite a number of cattle and horses from the settlers in Cache Valley, so that up to the present it certainly is evident that the lives and property of both travelers and citizens would have been far better protected and preserved had the detachments remained in Camp Floyd. And in Camp Floyd, as a general course, so far as I can learn, aside from camp duty and drill and the riotous assault upon Fort Cedar on the 15th of August last, very many mostly oc- cupy their time in making particularly free comments upon the people of Utah and plotting their injury. In short almost every line of the history of the "Expedition to Utah" from its inception to now, definitely proves a standing army in a repub- lican government in time of peace to be a very great nuisance- one seriously endangering the liberties of our common coun- try. Dr. F[-]rney, Superintendent of Indian Affairs, in the official course he has seen proper to take, is another cause of the hostile feeling and attitude of many of the Indians who are now somewhat troublesome, and the trouble and disaffection must increase unless wiser measured are adopted. The Superintendent, I am reliably told, visits tribes, holds talks, and makes great promises which he by no means fulfills. Such a course, you are aware, must of necessity fire the Indians, engender distrust and ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F3_I5_p004.jpg) disappointment, and naturally result in the loss of proper- ty and life. The conduct of many of the emigrants tow- ards the Indians is also very unwise, and between the troops, the Superintendent, and the emigrants, there is great prospect that many emigrants will fare badly. I am sorry that District Attorney Wilson makes use of liquor altogether too freely for his own good, and much to the annoyance of the kind feelings of his ami- able and excellent wife. I am informed that he has expended upwards of $4000, since his marriage, and that now, after disposing of several articles, he is unable to pay his board bill and other indebtedness contracted here. These matters I much regret, for his official con- duct has been very upright and honorable, as also his private walk, with the exception named. The Hon. W. H. Hooper, with his characteristic liberality, has kindly furnished a carriage, team, driver, &c for the comfortable conveyance of Gen. Wilson and wife to the Frontiers, from which point he purposes if necessary, to defray their expenses to the home of Mrs Wilson, or to Washington, or both, as they may choose, I am in hopes that the rest of the officials will have means enough of their own to enable them to leave the Territory. Gen. Wilson does not appear to be fortunately adapted to succeed in a new country, and will with difficulty meet the ordinary expectations of his profession in an old one, though he will probably succeed the best, if any where, in a re- jion last specified. The company expect to start ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F3_I5_p005.jpg) Kane on the 20th inst., and Gen Wilson and lady leave with my wishes for their success and best welfare, for Mrs Wilson, so far as I can learn, has demeaned herself worthy the character of an industrious, intelligent, wholesouled wo- man, and the Gen. is his own worst Enemy. His Excellency, the Governor, preserves his habits of good living and drinking, and also continues in that consistent, straight forward, high minded official ad- ministration which characterized his entrance into our city, which prevents his making those ridiculous blunders, to use a mild term, which so often mark the course of Government appointees in Utah; although he suffers himself to be intruded upon in his official capacity in defending the rights of the people, but you are familiar with his peculiarities. It is certainly to be desired that all officers would conduct in their respective offices with the propriety, integrity, and regard for the rights of all that have been manifested by Gov. Cumming and Gen. Wilson. Judge Sinclair began an adjourned term of his court in this city on monday, the 12th and is using good diligence in the trial of the few criminal cases on the record, and is said to exhibit an ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F3_I5_p006.jpg) unusual courtesey in his demeanor and remarks. You will learn particulars of Court proceedings, in this and Judge Eckles' District, from the reports published in the 'News' and Mountaineer,' of which you will receive files per hands of our Delegate. The Judges, with most of the army to help them, from the beginning, all the time, except the few days of Judge Sinclairs adjourned term now in progress, have constantly striven to find plausible pretexts for entrapping the innocent, caring not a great for the apprehension and punishment of the really guilty, as Gov. Cumming has plainly seen and told to some of them. On the strength of such support, and with the general un- derstanding that such things are winked at if not sustained by our Government, drunkards, gamblers, and whoremasters swagger in our streets, spewing forth their vileness; prostitutes begin to show their brazen faces and barter their bodies up- on our walks in open day; and officers and soldiers in Camp Floyd occupy their leisure from drill, camp duty, gambling, drinking, and low debauchery, in pouring forth threats, vile slanders, and outrageous tongue abuse concerning American citizens "in the peaceful pursuit of their avocations," not- withstanding the promises of the Peace Commissioners, and Gen. Johnston's empty sounding Proclamation "To the people of Utah," June 14. 1858. Colonel, how long ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F3_I5_p007.jpg) do you think Brigham and I can endure such ras- cally treatment and practices? And if the Judges, with the exception of Sinclair's course during this week, con- duct as they have, and President Buchanan and the powers that be, who claim the right, will not abate the evil how long will it be ere the principles of a righteous self defence will compel us to pick up those Judges and send them outside our borders where they belong? Hunting the innocent and setting traps for their feet, while the guilty roam at will, must and will find a limit, regardless of how many Christians it may offend. The army is encamped close by Fairfield, is distant only five miles from Fort Cedar and securely sheltered from Indian aggressions by being nearly surrounded by our settlements, affording, in its position, no protection to travelers, but operating to demoralize the nearer set- tlements and to encourage demoralization in those more remote and to foment and sustain principles and practices contrary to good order. Except upon the supposition of great ignorance, or the most bitter enmity mixed, in many, with a reckless selfishness, it is really difficult to account for an army's being sent to Utah, and then encamped within the protec- ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F3_I5_p008.jpg) Kane 8 tion of her settlements. And it is still more diffi- cult to account for troops being kept in Utah to stir up the Indians, imbetter feelings by a con- tinual tirade of unjust and outrageous remarks, watch and forment every the remotest pretext for embroiling the citizens and Government, and encou- rage and protect every species of theft, lawlessness, drunkenness, corruption and debauchery, unless it be upon the untenable ground of gratifying an entirely mistaken national pride, and the cupidity of a few speculators, contractors, and plunderers of the public treasury. How long must these things be? Until the mountains and plains are filled with strong and daring bands of highway robbers, and travelers upon the great thoroughfares across our Continent dare not and cannot pass? Taunts slander, and foully unjust hunting and hounding by those who are enlisted, paid, and sworn to pro- tect our rights can not and will not be endured forever, and it behooves those in power to bestIr themselves and take immediate steps for equally guarding the rights of all, irrespective of sect, creed, or party. Right must supplant wrong, both in principle and practice, throughout Utah, through- out our Nation, and throughout the world. I take the liberty to recommend and com- mend the Hon. W. H. Hooper, the bearer of this letter, to your kind notice, and also to ask for ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F3_I5_p009.jpg) Kane 9 him your wise counsel in all matters upon which he may wish to consult you, assured that your active spirit and comprehensive experience will find their gratifying scope in thus assisting to secure and per- petuate those acts and principles tending to amelio- rate the condition of human beings. With the harmo- nious and able efforts of our friends Col. Thomas L. Kane, W. H. Hooper and George Q. Cannon, I can but feel that our interests and rights in the States and in Congress will be in very responsible and efficient keeping, and opposition to justice must be strong indeed if some of the official and army evils under which we suf- fer are not ere long abated. Our two merchandize trains and nearly all of our this years immigration have arrived, the Md[-] in good condition, and the people in good health and spirits. Contrary to many howling statements in newspapers, only about 200 have left while some 2000 have arrived during the season; and many of those who have left already wish themselves back. Pres. Kimball is about starting an oil factory, and Pres Wells has taken in hand the two ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F3_I5_p010.jpg) nail machines just imported, while others are busily engaged either in running or preparing to run the sugar mills brought in by our train, all lending to give varied employment and keep our money at home, from which you perceive we are not particularly slack in our efforts for developing our skill, capital, and other resources. I hope you have found our highly esteemed friend, George Q. Cannon, a gentlemanly and able assist- ant under your counsel, and trust that you will have no occasion for disappointment on his behalf- My health, that of my family, and of the people generally, is good. Presidents Kimball and Wells and your many sincere friends in Utah bespeak, or would were they all present, the kindest remembrance to you, and you need not an assurance that yourself, your most estimable wife, your dear children, your mother, brothers and friends ever enjoy the best wishes for your welfare of most truly your Friend Brigham Young P.S. The opportunity for trusty conveyance is so rare that I have written frankly and some- ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F3_I5_p011.jpg) what lengthy, and cheerfully confide this letter to your prudent and honorable discretion, it being written for your Eyes alone. B. Y. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F3_I6_p001.jpg) G. S. L. City, Sep. 27, 1860. Col. Thomas L. Kane, Philadelphia, Pa., Dear Friend:- Your very welcome letters of April 25. (per hands of George Q) and August 15 came safely to hand, and afforded a gratification to myself and associates grateful to the feelings of all who ap- preciate true friendship, and realize the ties that bind men to their fellows in the great struggle that right may prevail. Thanks for your appreciation of our friends "Hooper & Co." who, we are well satisfied, filled their missions usefully and, as a consequence, creditably; and I feel to assure you that their good services will not be forgotten in any future selection of the right men for the right places; as an earnest of which— G. Q. is now on his way to take charge of and con- duct all our financial affairs in Europe, to attend to our immigration, printing, &c., and edit the Mil- lenial Star," a wide and very responsible sphere which we confidently trust he will fill with honor to himself and benefit to all concerned. Not knowing Mr Charles Fink, nor meet- ing with any one who either knew or had known him, I advertised in the Deseret New's for any one having the desired information, to at once forward it, to his mother. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F3_I6_p002.jpg) Affairs here are progressing with a constant- ly increasing degree of prosperity and peacefulness; the oppressive power of officers is rapidly waning; the army in Utah is so dwindled, thanks to our God and our good friends, that even the thought of it but seldom occurs; and, in short, our "lines are fallen in pleasant places." Hon. W. H. Hooper, Elders Orson Pratt, Sen., Erastus Snow, and George Q. Cannon, with others, start for the Frontiers early to morrow, and will be able to furnish you such additional information of interest as the press of business, attending their de- parture, may have crowded from my thoughts. We still anticipate seeing you and your beloved family in our dear mountain home, and have by no means relinquished the hope of yet being so highly gratified, for black marks upon paper fail to express the warm feelings that crowd for utter- ance. Please tender my kindest regards to your beloved mother, to your dear wife and little ones, to your true-hearted brothers, and to all your loved relatives and friends; and permit me to remind you that the name and valued services of our "Friend" are ever remembered and warmly che- rished by your numerous acquaintances, and by no one more so than by, Most truly your Friend, Brigham Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F4_I1_p001.jpg) Salt Lake City, U. T. October 26. 1869 Genl. Thomas L. Kane, Kane Co. Pa. My dear friend:- Your esteemed favor of the 13th inst has been recieved. It is none the less welcome from having been the first for many years. I had much pleasure in conversing with my son regard- -ing yourself your prospects & your assurances of affection towards your many friends in the mountains. As you will learn from my son, Brigham, we hold you in un- -fading remembrance & will always be deeply interested in everything that concerns your well being & prosperity. With regard to the future prospects of our beloved Territory, we hope for the best; feeling assured that whatever party leaders may be disposed to do, for or against our admission, God will control the results of the their acts for his glory & the advancement of this Kingdom. Eastern Senators need fear no opposition from us to a Protective Tariff, on the contrary, it is one of the very measures we would most desire. The development of Home Industry is of the first importance ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F4_I1_p002.jpg) whether to the Commonwealth at large or to this Territory, & every measure that will protect it from foreign competition demands our hearty support. As to our views on the Fifteenth Amendment, I will call your attention to Article 7, Amended Constitution, State of Deseret, passed Feb. 4. 1867, which reads "all male citizens of the United States over 21 years of age, having a residence of 6 months in this State shall be entitled to vote"; the words "free, white, male," having been stricken out. The number of votes polled on this amendment was 1400 for, & 30 against, A memorial to Congress has been prepared & extensively signed by man of the citizens of our Territory, for admission into the Union & energetic measures will be taken by our mutual friend Col. Hooper for favorable action thereon. Whatever may be the issue, we feel assured that we will have the good will of every true republican, who has at heart the welfare of his Country. I start on a trip through some of the southern settlements in the morning which must serve as an excuse for not writing you at greater length. Peace & prosperity characterize our labours & it is generally a time of health among the people. Accepty as ever our best wished, & remember me with kind- -ness to your family & friends. Brigham Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F4_I2_p001.jpg) 1870 Salt Lake City, U.T. February 14. 1870 Gen. Thomas L. Kane, Kane. Pa. Dear Sir:— Permit me to call your attention, for a few moments, to a subject I wish to bring before you. In a late transaction with the U.P.R.R. Co. I recieved a large quantity of railroad material, with which a railroad called the "Utah Central" has been (mainly) constructed & equipped; and for which I hold "Utah Central" bonds to the entire amount. At present, however, I am somewhat pressed, and I wish to hypothecate some of these bonds, say to the amount of one hundred thousand dollars. The U.C.R.R. connects with the U.P.R.R. and C.P.R.R. at Ogden City, and runs to Salt Lake City, a distance of about 37 miles. Freight and Passenger trains run over its entire length & with satisfactory success. The cost of the construction of the road is estimated at $1.150.000 and the equipment at $225.000. The receipts, even now, at this slack season, not only cover all expenses - including construction — but actually come within a trifle of what would pay interest on the entire amount of bonds, viz: one million dollars. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F4_I2_p002.jpg) These bonds are for $1000 00/100. each; they bear 6% pr annual gold interest payable semi-anually at S.L. City. They run for the term of 20 years, and they are secured by mortgage on the entire extent of the road, including station, rolling-stock, in short, all the Company property without stint or encumbrance. The Mortgage is duly drawn up & is stamped to the value of $1000 00/100. The trustees are Mess. H. S. Eldredge and A.O. Smoot of S.L. City. We are not indebted on this road to any person outside of this Territory. As above stated, I wish to borrow $100.000 00/100. giving these bonds as 20% below par, (the present rate of issue) as collateral security, and my personal security for payment of the interest, which I now respectfully offer you, in whole, or in part, either for yourself or your friends who may feel disposed to make the investment, soliciting your interest and kind offices in the negotiation. Awating your early reply, upon which, if favorable, I will send you an agent who will more fully explain every- -thing pertaining to this subject, I trust, entirely to your satis- -faction. I remain, Yours with respect. Brigham Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F4_I2_p003.jpg) 2/14/1870 Genl. Thomas L. Kane Kane. Pa. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F4_I3_p001.jpg) H. E. Governor Young; Kane March 20th 1870 My dear Sir; Severe indisposition has delayed my answering your letter of the 14th February received by me on my return from the East more than a fortnight since. I presume I am too late to give the subject it relates to practical attention, and as I do not live among the money dealers I can hardly offer in= formation or advice which would be of much service to you. My seizure was no doubt the result of the bad news (from Washington) about your people. I am going down to that place if I am strong enough tomorrow I do not regard the present condition of affairs as any longer directly menacing: for if the result in the House disappoints my expectations I can kill the Bill in the Senate. But I have had confidentially disclosed ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F4_I3_p002.jpg) to me a state of facts which gives me grave and most serious concern; for the future. Things must be bettered or they will grow worse. The very existence of your Com- munity is in peril, and will be until Deseret is ad- mitted into the Union. This is a more important di= rection for your energies than making, buying or selling railroads or any other values. Looking at it from the lowest point of view your Securities will have a higher value after you have achieved your Indepen= dence and have the making of your own Laws. You must let me say to you candidly that after the alarm of last Spring, it was very wrong to let this new danger be sprung upon me without notice; calling for an expenditure of my personal influence – which I do not begrudge – but which it is your interest I should husband wisely. After the emergency is over, I expect to be moved to write you a few very plain words, not upbraiding you or any of ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F4_I3_p003.jpg) my friends around you, but cautioning you lest in the too eager pursuit of riches, you forget wherein resides the true strength of a great people. I do not send messages of regard to your brave sons: assuming that you will respect this as a Strictly Private Letter: to yourself only. With unabated – with continued anxious af- fection for you and all yours I remain Thomas L. Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F4_I4_p001.jpg) Salt Lake City. U.T. 16 August 1870 Gen. Thomas L. Kane. Kane, Mc Kane Co Penna. My Dear Friend: My son John W, being about to make a start trip to the Eastern States, proposes the pleasure of visiting you. I gladly embrace the opportunity of writing you a few lines to give expression to the feelings of solicitude and interest with which your name and person are cherrished, not only by my- -self, but by all your old friends in Utah. As my son will hand this to you himself, I shall not encumber my note, with a dry detail of the events that have transpired in our midst during the last few weeks. He can tell you so much better than can be written, whatever may be interesting to you of "the situa- -tion" in Utah, I must however say that my health is extremely good, I rejoice continually in the Providences of Our God, and never felt happier, of a lighter heart, or of more joyful feelings, than in this my seventieth year on the earth. And my hope and desire for my ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F4_I4_p002.jpg) friend to whom I am now writing is that he may continue to live, and enjoy life, until he is fully satisfied that "the truth is mighty and will prevail." I remain, my Dear Friend Your's Faithfully. Brigham Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F4_I4_p003.jpg) General Thomas L. Kane Kane, M Kean Co. Pa. In kindness of J[--] W. Young Esq ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I10_p001.jpg) Guard your correspondance with me. I would as have even to the Carefully protect your communications with me Recollect how much My dear friend: Your son & Mr Hooper as here This by your faithful son. _ Writing to you Fr partly from Philada. I may more positively I T than ceremoneously have declined to correspond with you freely except by cipher. If so I I disclose to should explain: ' I. . I distresst affects of a results of a But 2 I am independant of the issues of consequences my correspondence on my part with you, but you are not. 3 Such unworthy means have been used by your enemies at Washington to obtain the knowledge of your affairs which in detect them to possess that I do not think they wd scruple to way lay or to arrest and search any person supposed to be bearing dispatches from me to you. crisis can think of nothing In the present juncture I esteem no observance essential to ensure nothing so important to the safety of yr. people as your personal security. own as the perfect security of your ^ person. It is their first duty to establish you where you will be exempt not only from arrest or violence but from every apprehension of it stand in need of unembarassed on their affairs They need your best judgment: Your mind. burdened shd not be perturbed by unneccessary cares ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I10_p002.jpg) I am distressed indeed at what I must believe to have been the very imperfect character of my communica tions with you and it is of the first necessity that I should make you understand all matters here fully and in detail But you need not me to tell you how much an unguarded letter missive on my part might betray of your own plans. These for the present must be kept absolutely secret as long for some time that is until we cease for the time that is until we cease Acc[---]ting changes. No action [---] your part can be productive of good and and When your opening is presented you must it will be time enough to give to any person [--] news of your own mind The effect which I have seen upon the mind of a certain prominent persons of rumors which have been in circulation of a change in yo the polygamic dispensation your removal to Arizona or British Columbia have shown me what would be the evils of premature revelation of any purpose. [The following is written in purple ink over the above text] In a word: Nothing is wanted of you until the barometer changes. You can use Irresponsible names can be used if necessary as freely so we may want them. No action trained to you ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I10_p003.jpg) yr Gary th I recommended Europe but if yr friends decide in favor of — (2 but either rely the more variably remnant to in any case I advise you to keep in hiding observing every precaution to prevent your place of refuge from being disclosed I' or this Iit will not suffice to restrict the writs of your friends if you do not at the same time curtail g[---]. restrict your correspondence. Whatever points in of Mr Garn (the in any make for you here _ grant by Congress a of the U.S of the appeal to the Supreme Court _ or_any other having success/ all whatever to success which may seem to have been achieved— a to cease doing so conceal yourself until I advise you to the not w contrary ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I10_p004.jpg) My dear Friend Here is your true hearted son again with his points and questions. I have most fully and particularly advised Mr. Hooper on the course he is to take, and if he obey counsel the worst is over. When Congress meets he will introduce ( without blowing letting off steam) the bill providing for appeals in Criminal Causes from the Territorial Courts to the Supreme I have o o informed inf luential parties Court of the United States, and have thus, I expect drawn thus the sting from the Message. I have requested Mr Mr. Hooper to take no other action at present without your express order. You have time to reflect before you advise him. Remain My own advice is I Continue in hiding ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I10_p005.jpg) I repeat for the third time, I need <[---] I wish to have> you in your best and freshest mind to consult with. So much for the future of your people, your friends, your family depends on your clearest. insight into <[---]> matters. After yourself I would also have George A. John Taylor — all the men of the old Rock whose names are familiar to the public — kept out of the way. If We don’t want you: we don’t want them to be cited or misquoted as author- ity for anything. We don't want your persecutors then to get hold of any man with name enough to help them to a Sensation trial. They are at their wits' end for their next move. move. They have kept on and on so far promising outbreak, outrage at each stage of their outrageous proceedings, and at each stage have been so foiled by your forbearance that the country now asks what next? They <[---]> are unprovided with their answer. Do not help them to it Your absence will best keep your non committal for you. It things continue to look as they do now we may have political friends of mine will originate more than one measure in Congress for the benefit of Utah. I would not have Mr. Hooper’s hand shown in them at all. Leave the responsibility of originating and enforcing Measures with Washington and you are under no obligation to respect them when you return to power — On one of these when the time comes for it my sentiments will perhaps be found to differ from those of your delegate. I would never counsel your people to a pretended acceptance of a Constitution to any feature ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I10_p006.jpg) .I will ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I10_p007.jpg) K. of which was repugnant . As regards the actual aban- -donment of Polygamy wh is a question between you and your God. But duplicity on your part is not good policy . I will write at length proving to you on this point if you doubt it . If I had not more to say, I could point out to you which members of your sect would gain influence by its nominal proscription by law, and who would be the losers by it. — I doubt know the <[---]> members of your rank and file as well as I once did, and some things have been flying about in Washington for a year past that <[--]> make me question which of your men of money are perfectly single minded, think more of your cause than of themselves. But at any rate you can accept a favor or proffer a consideration when the U.S. Government are prepared to bargain with you. It is poor bargaining to offer a consideration before it is asked for. I risk wearying you by any reiterations. Discretion, Reserved Discretion Discretion. Stop all foolish talk I particularly deprecate any inconsiderate remarks about Rem[--]ing your Remarks from U or any thing of the kind. Any reasons you supposed to have your favor will be discounted in advance by your enemies, or thwarted by them. You have not given me the [---] I asked for. They have th access to have but of legal counsel [-]under the Deal If any concern No sign whatever should be shown of yielding or concession before your need is fully resolved upon to make it be before you are certain that your people will be a unit upon it. Nor what after <— before> the effort has been faithfully made to obtain to responsible pledge from the Administration that any equivalent or something like one will be given in exchange of it . When the U.S. Govt. are prepared to treat with you — it will be time enough to [--]tanters the consideration which you are have not yet been asked for the most important sacrifice which you can make. offer. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I10_p008.jpg) [there is a large x drawn over the page, as well as an ink blot obscuring some text] k[--]t. N[-] I have most fully and particularly advised Mr Hooper as this coure t[-] on the course he is to take and if he [--]uly coward the worst is over. When Congress meets he will [---] And b[---] I [--]pect drawn I have so ass[--]d my pu[---] [---]fensible [-]artne[-]. And And this will d raw the story from (the dr[---] Message. th[---]nt without yr express order take no other action before he re ¶ I have requests too. Hooper to make no other Covanant himself KS under then farther until iss ad[---]ed d irectly by you. This brings [--] your duty . you have time to [---] [--] decide before you reflect a[--]s endorse him. deeding. I give you my advice; only: p [--]t then ( [-]ding). My own advice is Heding all non committed all responsible H[--]s responsability on U. S. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I11_p001.jpg) M. K. to Gov: Young Nov. 30, 1871 ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I12_p001.jpg) President Young presented himself last year: he has never failed at any time to present himself and appear before the Courts to be tried according to the laws of the land. (Here narrate the facts. - - - I applaud as I have applauded his course; but if At the dictation of the Executive the Congress pass an Act doing him the historical honor of declaring him a State Criminal, the case is no longer the same. Shd. such a Bill as Frelinghuysens pass for instance, I would treat it as if it were an Act of Attainder and wd. take my interest and [--]tage of such a false move. A man marked as a political offender stands differently in the eyes of men of honor from all other alleged criminals. To be prescribed by a Parliament is not to have been judged or condemned in the Courts . Then are the other reasons why you cannot be regarded as a fugitive from justice. The State Criminal or the object of religious persecution who leaves the realm does so in all honor. . I might not in your place hesitate to stand my trial when the Prosecution dares to bring it on. Enough of this. But with the same President Judge on the Bench who refused to admit me to B[-]d last year, I wd. go, come, travel any and every where I pleased to suit myself, until I was assured what wd. be the course of <[things.> III As soon as I am accorded a satisfactory assurance that I will be brought to trial within a reasonable time p[--]ed I will appear and confront my accusers at the bar. But with the same Federal Judge on the Bench who refused last year to admit me to bail in any amount _ My California commercial friends offered to be my sureties to one hundred times the [---] accepted for Jefferson Davis - I will not appear to submit to an imprisonment before trial for an indefinite period (designed avowedly to be long and oppressive enough to break down an old man's health) before I can obtain an acquittal. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I12_p002.jpg) I do not think your private despatches give you the least insight into the real State of things at Washington. Looking at it from my outside point of view, I would have preferred your waiting for farther developments at St. George. You cannot ascertain the truth now, before you, reach Salt Lake; and about all that need rest upon your mind is the Question: What course to pursue in case of Grant's success in carrying procuring obnoxious legislation by a large majority - as the Sensation Reporters promise ¶ Consider 1st Any advantage in waiting: to be hemmed in? Troops. on Rio Grande, Tucson,, New Reinforcements 2d Any loss of prestige? with the world? with the People L. D. S. To test - represent the thing imaginarity : Suppose for example I I have written you such a letter as (1) II You find that every honorable man and patriotic citizen admits the force of (II. III To the public is furnished some thing like the following (per Cannon, for instance to Associated Press) (III) IV. To the Church I am persuaded that no Explanation is needed. It is so plain that you find the enemy, that you do what he wishes you not to do, that you hold your moves in Reserve. If you wish to reconsider your resolve, it is open to you to return and surrender yourself and reopen every thing at any time: they will see that you cannot after arrest. I do not think that I wd wait for the advice of any lawyer whose interest it is to make of you care Bait. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I12_p003.jpg) M. Interesting as Notes of Communication to Prest. Young. when he was urged to seek refuge &c. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I1_p001.jpg) Salt Lake City, U.T. April 16. 1871. Gen. Thomas L. Kane. Kane, McKean Co. Dear Friend, As my son John W. Young is about to return to Philidelphia. I embrace the opportunity of addressing you a few lines which he will favor me by presenting to you. It is some time since I had the pleasure of writing to you, but, thanks to the great trans-continental ironway out mutual friends now pass to and fro so frequently as to almost preclude the necc- -essity of writing so far as general news is concerned. You will, I am sure, be pleased to hear from my son, of the general prosperity of the interests of our Territory, notwith- -standing the almost superhuman efforts of our enemies to destroy it. I say, destroy it, because there is a "ring" of adventurers here — banded together with the object of breaking up our institutions, and, in the most reckless manners, assailing the rights and liberties of the people. We suspect these scoundrels are not without backing from high places, yet they have accomplished absolutely nothing, save to make of themselves ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I1_p002.jpg) laughing stocks. Our internal improvements continue. We are adding branch lines to the main territorial telegraph line. The success of the Utah Central Railroad is encouraging and seems to justify the extension of this road southwards, at least so far as prospects indicate that it will pay. There is so much low grade silver ores being discovered, and so little of a high order, that, unless a cheaper mode of transit than ordinary teams is introduced, mining must soon cease in this Territory. We prefer a narrow guage road, to the wide, or the ordinary guage, as, in our judgement, there is too much dead weight, involving useless expense, in the wide guage, with its cumbrous rolling stock. A three track has been decided upon. Chief Justice McKean, our present incumbent, has rendered himself so obnoxious to the people by his tyrannical and high handed measures that the great majority of our citizens are strongly disposed towards his removal. It is not, by any means, certain that they could accomplish this, but there are ample grounds for such action, and this is general among all classes, excepting, of course, the ring of which he is the acknowledged standard bearer. Were he removed, there is every reason to believe that John F. Kinney of Nebraska City would be a ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I1_p003.jpg) popular nominee for the office of Chief Justice, and we think would be willing to accept it. Twice and by two different Presidents the Judge has been appointed to that office in Utah, and in both cases without his solicitaion. There is one reason perhaps more than any other why Judge Kinney's administration would be desirable. During his incumbency a writ for the apprehension of one Joseph Morris and other who had previously resisted a civil process. We discountenanced the measure at the time, but as it emanated from the highest civil authorities and in regular course of law, and was urged upon us, Gen. Robert T. Burton was called upon, and he, with a posse marched upon a regular encampement of determined men pledged to shoot any person who attempted to serve said writ; the consequence was that several lives were lost, though I have never heard any blame imputed to the Gen. or his posse, but this miserable clique of petifoging carpet-baggers with their packed grand jury have found a true bill against the General for murder in the first degree. The General will not trust his person to the tender mercies of a packed tribunal, and, however much to his discomfort, declines to appear voluntarily until he can ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I1_p004.jpg) have justice Under the wise providences of the Almighty we find our- -selves surrounded by a very different set of circumstances now than formerly. When the Union Pacific Railroad was projected, overtures were made to us to grade a portion of the road; the pro- -postition called for grave reflection, we weighed the matter thorough- -ly & reflected that if we declined this work a large for of Irish laborers & other foreign element would be introduced here, to many of whom a six months residences would have given the right to vote, to say nothing of the disagreeable consequences that would nat- -urally follow contact with such; and, again, whether we aided the work or not, it would nevertheless be accomplished, some con- -cluded to help build the road, and that it would be better to do so, even withouth one cent of remuneration. Now this is a precise illustration of how we find ourselves situated to-day. Sources of wealth are opening up all around us, which are clamoring for development. Railroads have to be built; Iron works erected; Smelting works & crushing mills; and Machinery for all classes of manufacturers introduced. The attention of capital- -ists is being called to these facts and we as a people must either give way, or, as in the case of the U.P.R.R. unite our labor with outside capital, and judiciously assist in developing the great resources of our Territory. My son will confer with you more minutely on these points. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I1_p005.jpg) General, now that the Atlantic & Pacific Railroad is completed & the facilities for traveling have made the trip across the plains comparatively a pleasure, may we not hope to see you here soon? Let me assure you there is not one among the thousands who will cross the plains this season to whom the Latter-day-Saints would more cord- -ially extend the hand of warm welcome. Those who know you cherish for you the fondest recollection, while with all, your name is held in honorable remembrance. The Latter-day-Saints are still awake to their high calling & are to-day, — besides possesing increased knowledge — as loyal to the cause as at any period of our history. I feel that you will take pleasure in hearing this, though we would all mcuh prefer you should come & judge in yourself. For my part, you have my undeviating friendship which has never abated one particle, no lessened in the measure since we first became accquatinted; and I can assure you I have no more doubt of your faithfulness and integrity of hear than I have of my own. May Heaven bless you & yours, through life, and your earthly career terminate in eternal happiness. Brigham Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I1_p007.jpg) Gen. Thomas L. Kane Kane, Mc Kean Co. [-]n favor of John W. Young.} Penn. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I2_p001.jpg) Salt Lake City, U.T. Sept. 24. 1871. Genl. Thomas L. Kane, Kane, McKean Co. Pa. Dear Friend:— My son, John W. Young, who will be the bearer of this, will inform you of the doings nad turannical course of the 'Ring' of Judicial and other federal officers here, who by arbitrary, new, and strange reelings hace deprived the old settlers here of the right to sit on all juries, and in other ways deny to us the rights belonging to the common people. By these means they have at last succeeded in what they trust will be a death blow to Mormonism--they have I am informed, brought before their exclusive, packed grand jury one Wm Hickman who was excommunicated from our Church several years ago for his crimes, and he, evidently to save himself from justice, has laid at my door some or all of those crimes,—an accusation which our enemies are only too eager to accept, and I am indicted and expect to be a prisoner in the military Post, Camp Douglass, long before this reaches you, and I expect to plead and fight them in a legal way right here. If there ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I2_p002.jpg) is any way in which you can benefit one either by com- -ming here and giving me the benefit of your counsel and influence, or otherwise by going to Washington and endeavoring to influence the Policy which make war upon us all the time, or in obtaining the removal of these judges who are a unit against us, or aid me in any way it will indeed be acceptable from you They have aimed a similar blow at several of our monu- -ment men, as wicked and unjust, as it is false, but we expect still to live and prosper after they have done their worst. My son will give you all the particulars more full than I can write. With kindest love to Mrs. Kane and children, and with sentimens of unchanges affection and esteem for yourself, I remain, my dear friend, yours faithfully, Brigham Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I3_p001.jpg) In hart[-] [r[-]ted them shd go with sub an repot and letter Your first care and Duty Ever Your friend to [---] you as ever . Consider the maintenance of your health & Cheerfulness Your ol first care You shd retain the best Counsel in the U.S. – [---] [---] to Expense after that your first duty is the care of your Health and <[--]> maintenance of unaffected cheerfulness! Eva[--]s recommended to your s[--] by his N.Y. attorneys is a good man – if he will give himself [---] [---] fully to yr care Dear and honored Old friend: Your letter of the has received due attention. as your trust the particulars communicated to you by your son John W. will much relieve your mind I am not the only American citizen who covered up it patriotic & do right But though the immediate blow threatening has as far as we can Judge been parried. I must solicit you to give your thoughts to me the benefit of your thoughts upon the future. A your people were never more in need of your best statesmanship There is nee We have need now of statesmanship If we cannot direct events, others will Our men Thus only can the Head be removed which disguise is The Head is able Let me have by a sure hand a private two ciphers one both private, but one for your eye alone. The Head is still in the Lion’s mouth. Introduce no one to my confidence in whom you do not yrself implicitly trust. I have been sorely tempted sorely to come out to you., and am not deterred by [-] any con (a) sideration so much as the consciousness that my presence is more needed here . I still cling to the hope that I may come out before I d die and complete the materials for my Life of Brigham I often I cheer myself [---] vision [--] of pleasant weeks spent in your company with our minds free from the common cares which, now compel our needs and converse shall turn[--] up Higher as of old when Higher things. Young. In this work you a m are both interested that this survive us a great work. And as soon as our minds are freed from their brunt confidence questions which you wish pro[---] answered. A few weeks of But we must wait until we our minds are freer from other cares: before we can prof For my Reputation as well as yours I wd. have it a Great Work a I find z[--]l & direction can have I’m the character of your son John W, I find zeal [-] direction combined. His to enjoying appearance and prep[--]rring and its appearance and address introduce him most favorably to the most the lass you and 2 I have given him my [-] comf[--]d case. prejudiced. 1 ( I know no one whom you can probably employ to 1 more advantage as an intermediary com communications. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I3_p002.jpg) K to B. Young Oct 2 or 3rd, 1871 ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I4_p001.jpg) Kane Oct 1[-] 1/71 Dear and honored old friend: your letter of the 27th ult. has received due attention, as your son who bears this will acquaint you. I trist trust the particu- lars communicated by him will much relieve your mind. He will tell you I am not the only Ame- rican Citizen who deems it patriotic to do right But though the [----] [-]low immediatily ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I4_p002.jpg) threatening, has, as far as we can judge been parried I must Solicut you to give me the benefit of you medi- tations upon the future Your people never Stood more in need of Statesmanship we must lead and direct o[-] events on or bad men will ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I4_p003.jpg) you must retain the best legal counsel Pres Young President Young in the United States without regard to [--]pen se Evarts (W.M.) re[-]m[---]- bed recommended to your son by his New York attorneys is a g[--]d good man if he will give himself at once fully fully to your case After that your first duty to your friends is the ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I4_p004.jpg) Care of your health and the maintenance of unaffected cheerfulness Let me have by faithful hand two ciphers; both private, but one for your eye alone. The Head is still in the Lion's mouth. Introduce no one to my confi- dence in whom, you do not Yourself. trust implicitly. In the character of John W. Young, I find zeal and discretion combined. His preossesposessing appear- ance and address introduce him favorablyto the most prejudiced. I know no can one whom you ^ employ to ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I4_p005.jpg) more advantage for interme- diary oral communications. I have given him my own confidence. He loves you. I still presuade myself that I will come out f before the I die and complete ^ collection of my materials for the Brigham Young Life of ^ I often cheer myself with a vision of pleasant weeks to be spent in your company – when – our minds both free from the common cares which now compel our though ts our co[---] converse shall turn as of old on higher things ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I4_p006.jpg) But your son must not miss his train – Ask me in your private correspondence for such information as you wish to privately receive. In ha[-]te haste – greater than Should go with an important letter — ever affectionately yours Signature Excuse bad writing I trust you can make it out. Affectionately [---] ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I4_p007.jpg) Copy by J. W. Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I5_p001.jpg) Kane, Octo. 12. 1/71 Dear and honored old friend: Your letter of the 27th ult°. has received due attention, as your son who bears this will acquaint you. I trust the particulars communicated by him will much relieve your mind. He will tell you I am not the only American Citizen who deems it patriotic to do right. But, though the blow immediately threatening has, as far as we can judge, been parried, I must solicit you to give me the benefit of your views meditations upon the future. Your people never stood more in need of statesmanship. We must lead and direct events, or bad men will. You must retain the best legal counsel President Young. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I5_p002.jpg) in the United States without regard to Expense. Evarts (W.M.), recommended to your son by his New York Attorneys, is a good man, if he will give himself at once fully to your case. After that your first duty to your friends is the care of your health and the maintenance of unaffected cheerfulness. Let me have by faithful hand two ciphers; both private, but one for your eye alone. The Head is still in the Lion's mouth. Introduce no one to my confidence in whom you do not yourself trust implicitly. In the character of John W. Young, I find zeal and discretion combined. His prepossessing appearance and address introduce him favorably to the most prejudiced. I know no one whom you can employ to more advantage for intermediary oral communications. I have given him my own confidence. He loves you. I still persuade myself that I will come out before I die and complete ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I5_p003.jpg) the collection of my materials for the Life of Brigham Young. I often cheer myself with a vision of pleasant weeks to be spent in your company – when – our minds both free from the common cares which now compel our thoughts - our converse shall turn as of old on higher things. — But your son must not miss his Trian. - Ask me in your private correspondence for such information as you wish to privately receive. In haste – greater than should go with an important letter – ever affectionately yours Thomas L. Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I6_p001.jpg) men of the old rock whose names are familiar to the public, keep out of the way. If we do not want you, we do not want them either to be cited or misquoted as the authority for anything. We do not want your persecutors to get hold of any man with name enough to help them to a Sensation trial. They are at their wits end for their next excitement. They have kept on so far, promising outbreak, outrage, insurrection, at each stage of their proceedings; and at each stage have been so foiled by your forbearance, that the Country asks: What next? – They are approvided with their answer. Do not help them to it. If things continue to look as they do now, political friends of ours may originate in more than one measure in Congress for the relief of Utah. I would have Mr. Hooper's hand seen in them, at all. Leaving the responsibility of orginating and enforcing ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I6_p002.jpg) measures with Washington, and you will not be held answerable for them on your return to power. — On one of these, when the time comes for it, my sentiments will perhaps be found to differ from those of your less responsible counsellors. I will not probably be able to recommend the pretended acceptance by your citizens of a Constitution repugnant to their principles. As regards the actual abandonment of polygamy – that is a question between you and your God. And I have naught to say on it. But Duplicity, I see, without a shadow, will not be good policy for you. I prefer not to write at length on this theme unless you doubt. If I had not higher grounds for my opinion – I would point out to you that some members of your Church might gain influence by its nominal proscription by law, and others would be the losers by it. I do not know the numbers of your rank and file as well as I once did, and reports which have reached the East. make me question which of your men of money are ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I6_p003.jpg) perfectly single minded and think more of your cause than of themselves. I risk wearying you by my reiterations: Discretion, Discretion, Discretion. I particularly deprecate uncalled for remarks about your removing from Utah or any part of it. Any measure sup= posed to have your favor will be discounted in ad= vance by your enemies or thwarted by them. No sign should be manifested of yielding or concession before your mind is fully resolved to make it – before you are certain that your followers will be a unit upon it — before the effort has been faithfully made to obtain a responsible pledge from the Ad= ministration that an equivalent, entire or partial, will be given in exchange for it. When our Government are prepared to treat with you, it will be time enough to volunteer the most important sacrifice which you can offer. — In short there is no political action on your part required ; or be assured I would advise you of it. The consciousness of ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I6_p004.jpg) this fact shd. relieve your mind and encourage you to amend your health. Consider how well, of all men in the world, you are entitled to rest. Think that this period of enforced repose is ordered in kindness to arrest the encroaching advances on you of old age, to refresh you heart and soul for better work than any you have yet accomplished. — Your son will now take a few notes for you on practical details. Your friend Thomas L. Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I7_p001.jpg) Port Sen[--] Letter of nov 9.71 Philada. nov. 9. '71 My dear friend: I am constrained to abstain from making even your trusty friend W. C. Staines the bearer of a letter dwelling to upon points on which Mr. directed Hooper has ask invited. my attention. Instead I renew my request that you send me without delay two ciphers both ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I7_p002.jpg) private but one for your eye alone Circumstances which have probably been enclosed to you delayed its tr[---] mission I understand [----] yesterday . . . ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I7_p003.jpg) nothing which has transpired since leads me to [--]r[-] to modify this message Confide to no one unnccerraily the secret of the place of your abode Be decoyed by no person or persons under any pretence or pretences whatever unto returning to S. L. C or putting or placing yourself any where within the reach of yr. enemies Until you are adured by me that the danger you will not only. is part ^ keep all your movements ^ trust as few as you pr[--]t[---]bly can write your secret. Whenever there is not but as far as it is predicatl[--] generally an abr[-]ate necerrely for it keep your our counsel. Your first duty at this time is to take care of your health. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I8_p001.jpg) Po[--]sereption Thursday night S. S. Nov 9. After closing my letter of this afternoon in which I declined to run the risk of communicating with you except by & [cipher] your son presses upon my notice that you asked him shortly before hang for the ' South to obtain my opinion Gre — if it wd be well to send a delegation to ask a c[-]r[-]m or great ofTerrtory frmGreat Britain &c before hang for the South. I assert This is but one ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I8_p002.jpg) of the numerous points on which I adure that no or determination arrival at befor action shall be taken until We cn have 2 We confidentially and intimately upon them this conferred. //I have gone than\\ so as far as I could without risk from the best authority the important, to ascertain the ^ factiminary forth not. Her m ajestys Government grant any concession to found which the U.S. were opposed. It has been thereward to to my satisfaction answered in a quart more is first a newed in trashyr Hence a found more the negative. More than ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I8_p003.jpg) this I decline to say until before we are in communication by & [cipher]. P.S. Mrs. Kane furnishes the enclosed which I will understand if you need to use it to save time. Some work has to be done first on Monday or soon after an effectuary.. Is or ,as a newest As in step in earnest a quest more has to be first got up in Washington. As a first we must first decide what we mean ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I9_p001.jpg) Kane Nov. 30 1871 My dear friend: Here is your time hearted son again; with his points and questions. I have most fully and particularly advised Mr Hooper on the course he should adopt; and if he obey counsel, the worst is over. When congress meets he will introduce (without blowing off steam) the Bill providing for appeals in Criml. causes from the Territorial courts to the Supreme Court of the United States. I have so informed influential parties, and have thus, I expect, drawn the sting from the message I have requested Mr. Hooper to take no other action at present without your express order. You have time to reflect before you direct him. Mean Time= President Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I9_p002.jpg) Mean while; expediency experiencing no call to assume a more elevated tone than that of one considering your policy from the point of view of temporal expedency – I offer: My own advice Continue in hiding observing every precaution to prevent your place of refuge from being disclosed. For this, it will not suffice to restrict the visits of your friends, if you do not at the same time restrict your correspondence Whatever ground we may gain, whatever success may seem to have been achieved – conceal yourself until I advise you to close doing so. Be gua[-]ded in the extreme in your communications with me, relcollecting that no interests of mine can be affected by our correspondence; but yours may be. Such unworthy means have been used by your eneim[-]s to obtain the knowledge of your affairs which they possess at Washington, that I do not think they would sample to waylay or arrest and search a person supposed to be bearing secret despatches from or to you. In the present crisis, I can think of nothing so essential to the safety of your people as your personal security. It is their first duty to establish you where ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I9_p003.jpg) you will be exempt, not only from arrest or r[-]vl[-]nce, but from every apprehension of it. They stand in need of your imembarrassed judgment on this affairs: Your mind should not be burdened by unnecessary cares — Ought you not to welcome such an occasion for rest from sordid business thoughts? — Your pe- cuniary interests cannot suffer very generously by your neglecting them a single winter. — If your creditors miss you, will they be less likely to lend a hand to help you back to your country heres[-] room!? – I repeat, for the third time, I myself need to have you in your best and freshest mind to cons[-]ret with. — So much; for the future of your people, your friends, your family, depends on your having a clean insight into matters now! also Besides yourself, I would ^ have George A., Taylor, Pratt all the men of men of the old rock whose names are familiar to the public, keep out of the way. If we do not want you, we do not want them either to be cited or misquoted ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I9_p004.jpg) 4 - as the authority for anything. We do not want your persecutors to get holdof anyman with name enough to help them to a sensation trial, They are at their wits ends for their next excitement. They have kept on as far, promising outbreak, outrage, insurrection, at each stage of their proceeding; and at even stage have been so failed by your forbearance, that the country asks; What next? — They are improvided with their answer. Do not help them to it. If things continue to look as they do now, political friends of ours may originate more than one measure in Congress for the relief of Utah. I would not have Mr. Hoopers hand seen in them, at all. Leaving the responsibilitys of origiating orgin- ating and enforcing measures with Washington, you will not be held answerable for them on your return to power — on one of these, when the time ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I9_p005.jpg) comes for it, my sen- timents will perhaps be found to differ from those of your less reponsible counsellors. I will not probably be able to recommend the pretended acceptance by your citizens of a Con- stitution containing features repugnant to their princi- ples, As regards the actual abandonment of Polygamy that is a question between you an your God. And I have naught to say on it. But Duplicity, I see, without a shadow, will not be good policy for you. I prefer not to write at length on this theme un- less you doubt. If I had not higher grounds for my opinion — I would point out to you that some members of your Church might gain influence by its nominal proscription by law, and others would be the losers by it. I do not know the members of your rank and file us well as I once did, and reports which have reached the East make me question which of your men of money are perfectly single minded and think more of your cause than of themselves. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I9_p006.jpg) I risk wearying you by my reiterations: Discretion, Discretion, Discretion,. I particuularly deprecate un— called for remarks about your removing from Utah [---] or any part of it. a[--]y Any measures supposed to have your favor will be discounted in advance by your enemies or thwarted by them. No sign should be manifested of yielding or concession before your mind is fully resolved to make it – before you are certain that your followers will be a unit upon it_ before the effort has been faithfully made to obtain a responsible pledge from the Administration that an equivalent, entire or partial, will be given in exchange for it. When our Government are prepared to treat with you, it will be time enough to vo— lunteer the most important sacrifice which you can offer. In short there is no political action on your part required; or be assured I would advise you of it. The conciousness of this fact shd. releive Your mind and encourage you to amend Your ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F5_I9_p007.jpg) health. Consider how well, of all men in the world, you are intitled to rest. Think that the period of enforced repr[-]e is ordered in kindness to arrest the encrouching advances on you of old age, to refresh your heart and soul for better work than any you have yet accomplished. Your son will now take a few notes for you on practical details. Your friend Signed) Thomas L. Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F6_I10_p001.jpg) Salt Lake City, Nov. 16, 1873 My dear Friend: I take the present opportunity of writing to you by the hand of Geo. Q. Cannon who leaves for the East in the morning. Rheumatism has troubled this season to some extent; but it has confined to my feet. I have traveled, however, considerably through- out the Territory, and my general health is now quite good. I have paid some attention to my affairs and have completed my Will according to the form furnished me by your- self and Mr. Price. I think it embodies a very comprehensive and equitable plan, and seems to be admirably adapted for large families. I have had it printed, and have recommended its general adoption. I cherish very warm remembrances of yourself, Mrs. Kane, Evan and Willie and think much of the pleasant visit you made us, and hope you will ere long be able to make us ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F6_I10_p002.jpg) another visit. I am preparing a house which I hope I can make you comfortable, and when you come again I hope you will bring all of your children with you. I have forgotten nothing connected with Arizona; my eye is constantly on the mark. The kind providences of our Father will bring all things around aright in good time if we do our part. With love to yourself, Mrs. Kane and your family, and praying the Lord to preserve your ife and to bless yourself and family with every thing necessary for your comfort and happiness I remain, as ever, Your Friend, Brigham Young Major General Thos. S. Kane, Kane, McKean Co., Pa. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F6_I1_p001.jpg) Salt Lake City, U.T March 5. 1872 Gen. Thomas L. Kane Kane, McKean Co. Pa. Dear Friend, More than five months have passed since last I had the pleasure of writing you from this city, months in which events have transpired here of, to us, no ordinary character. You are, more or less, familiar with these, and I will not rehearse them, but merely remark, that he who did not percieve in those malicious pro- -ceedings, the same spirit of hostility that persecuted the saints from the beginning, is an indifferent observer. Elder Cannon who bears this to you will say in some measure, with what joy we would like to shake your friendly hand, and how very much we appreciate your earnest, energetic, and disinterested labors in behalf of the people in Utah. The business upon which Elder Cannon with his colleagues Messrs. Fitch and Fuller visit the capital, will, I am sure, meet with your favor. The admission of Utah will be, to us, like emancification from worse than slavery, and, even if not ad- -mitted, a vigorous campaign skillfully conducted, will go far to- -wards transferring the seat of war from S. L. City to Washington, and change the character of the contest from what it has been, to one of a more political character. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F6_I1_p002.jpg) I believe too that our constitution will find favor with you, and we hope it will with Congress, sufficiently so at least, without introducing obnoxious conditions that we could not accept, for, be assured, dear General, the people of Utah will be true to their profession, and, not even to gain their place in the nation, will they forfeit one iota of their sacred obligations to high heaven, What do you think, General, of a people reputedly democ- -ratic, sending as delegates two staunch republicans, and another, whose politics are, simply to promote by all honorable means, the interests of the people he represents? surely, with such a constitution and such delegates, and with the aid of true friends, we may reasonably hope for success. Utah's resources can never be developed while she remains a Territory subject to such a state of things as we have been and are now passing through. Capitalists are chary of investing wealth with a community where bigoted and partizan Governors & Judges arrogate the right of trampling law and order under their feet, not only rendering capital unsafe, but even life, as welll as paralysing every industry and prostrating business of every class. And perhaps no better argument could be presented, for the law abiding character of our citizens and their capability for self government then their patience and endurance under such trying circumstances. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F6_I1_p003.jpg) Dear Friend, it was truly heart cheering to me to receive your communications delivered by hand of Wm C. Staines and my son John W. Young, both of whom are true to their friends. There is no one feeling more general among our people than their good will towards yourself, and you can hardly imagine the "God blessings" they have for you. It may possibly be that you were a little disappointed with my movements last January, but circumstances were such that I was compelled to act from my own convictions. Would it be asking too much of you, health permitting for your- -self and family to take a pleasure trip across the continent and pay us a visit this summer? We can assure you a hearty welcome. Your past labors of love for us, your meditations in our interest, and your counsels to me are sweet and precious, and let me say, that when I perused your late letters, I felt in my heart, the spirit of the Gods is with the General. Before concluding I wish to impress upon your attention that in Geroge Q. Cannon you can place the utmost confidence. You will find him sound and discreet, and possessed of excellent judgement. Your affectionare friend, as ever, Brigham Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F6_I1_p005.jpg) Gen. Thomas L. Kane, Present. Per favor of Hon. Geo. Q. Cannon ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F6_I2_p001.jpg) Salt Lake City, U.T. October 31, 1872 Gen. Thomas L. Kane Kane, Kane Co. Penn. My dear friend, Your esteemed favor under date of Oct. 16. came to hand this morning to which I hasten to reply. I shall only be too glad to have your cherished company this winter, and whatever lays in my power, that can in any way contribute to your peace and comfort is yours to command. I regret to learn by a letter from my son John W. that you have been quite unwell, but I hope that the change of air and the genial climate of our southern country will greatly aid in effectually restoring you to health and vigor. We cannot tell what in the providence of the Almighty may be brought to pass this winter, but if all is well I expect to reside in St. George, and that anticipated pleasure is doub- -ly heightend in the prospect of your society. There we may be retired as we please, and the delightful climate is all that man can desire. Or would you prefer to pass ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F6_I2_p002.jpg) the cold, damp winter in Salt Lake City? I would be pleased to hear from you on receipt of this, or as soon thereafter as may be convenient, so as to learn your wishes in all particulars, and when you will be prepared to start, and should you feel disposed to bring your wife and children with you, they will be as gladly welcome as it is in our power to make them. Your many friends here join me in love to you. Yours very respectfully, Brigham Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F6_I3_p001.jpg) New York, April 1. '73. My dear friend: I avail myself of the reliable favor of your son John W. to send you by B. Y. Jr. two letters substantially duplicates of others now in Philadelphia, written you a fort= night since but which I was wise enough not to entrust to the mail. Having conversed freely with your son on affairs in general, I will only express myself in writing upon two points: 1. He will tell you that in declining to at= tend or aid in attending to the negotiation of securities for you , I asked him to relate that I did so with marked peremptoriness. I meant by this to into= intend mate that I intead to devote myself this spring and next summer exclusively to the fulfilment of my last promise made you , and that I perceive it to be your duty above all other duties, cognizable by me. to get your Estate into proper business order, before extending any= ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F6_I3_p002.jpg) before extending any line or lines of business. Let us , my friend, avial oursleves of the present lull in the storm, ?to2?extinguish reduce or provide for all your liabilities _ establish all your rights of ownership on a stable footing; – and then you will find me ready to borrow for you with alacrity _ for any enterprises of which your judgment approves. But there is a time for everything, and now is your time, for contracting, drawing in , making every thing safe and Quote me as saying that sure. 2. No fair man, in the Church or out of it, ought to misunderstand your curtailing you your operations to limit your ^responsibilites at this juncture. Ever yours Thomas L. Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F6_I3_p003.jpg) M/ Kto B. Y April 2. 73 ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F6_I4_p001.jpg) 1.) 5 Acknowledge receipt of this Letter as 1. [-]. W. 18th. St. N. Y. April 4 1873 President Brigham Young, Dear Sir: The protectors of the Indian whom I have conversed with praise Grant as their reli= able friend. Smith's is considered a good appoint= ment. But Grant is no friend of the Mormons. I have tried him again through an intimate friend, who finds that he is as obdurately bitter as ever. I have put in the Apache wedjes. The Press needs looking after. No one has much faith in the 35th parallel route for present purposes. The Texas pacific will pursue the Southern (Gila) one. Moneyed men talk a good deal about Railroading being overdone: look out for a reaction &c. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F6_I4_p002.jpg) But Mr. Scott speaks confidently of his ability to put the T. P. through in two or three years. He told me on Saturday that he would not fail to complete his first five hundred miles East, under the Texas arrange= ment, within nine months from Jan. 1. next. The Arizona = Sonora Extension of the Utah Southern RR. has been presented to me in in= viting colors, offering me the strongest inducements to be the first to take hold of it. But I set my self against the thing resolutely, recognizing, as I have elsewhere repeated, that the Settlement of your Estate should engross all the leisure from other avocations which either of us can give. There is scarcely a feature of your case that is not bristling with law points. Devoting myself exclusively to its study for the next half year, I can only expect to put things into the best trim to meet the litigation which, after, if not before your death, you had better be prepared to look upon as inevitable. Thomas L. Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F6_I5_p001.jpg) [---] Pres Young John I have felt in [--] My dear friend Sir: defenders Mr The powers of [--] Indians whom I have & are a battle made so far as the Apaches Grant conversed with one say that the President continues communicated with their I con[--]ed praise Grant as ^ reliable friend. Smithe is considered a good appointment. Pres G[---] is no friend of the Mormons. [--] continues. I have t[--]ed him again through an [--] who that he is as intimate friend. He is who you f[--]ds h[---] by letter ¶ I have foot in the Apache wedge. did write ^ as [---]. [illegible deletion] The Press needs looking after. No one has has any faith in [illegible deletion] No one believes in the 35th as a [---] [---] at [--] for present purposes Parallel Rate: The Texas Pacific will follow the Latter (Gal[-]) one. [-] Mr Scott – Stronger men here talk a good deal about Ra[---]nding being overdone: look out for a reaction go. speaks But Mr. Scott c[---]es himself his ability to confidently [--] [---] the T. P. through in two He or three years — told me [---] on Saturday that he wd not fail to get to complete his first 500 miles East under the Texas arrangment [-] [---] 9 weeks from Jan. 1st a[--]t. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F6_I5_p002.jpg) adhering to my two being determined to make no profit directly or indirectly out of my converion with your people. [-]or yourself as I have elsewhere said I do not think you should embark at this time in any new enterprise any more than myself. ¶ The settlement of your Estate & will should from other occupy all the leisure from o[--] duties either of us can give ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F6_I5_p003.jpg) @. The Arizona & Sonora. W Exclusion of the your Utah Southern RR. was opened not to an in a [---] in the [---] my the has less presented to me in ting colors. offering the of strangest^ inducements to be among the first to take hold have the thing of it. But I^ set myself against it resolutely, respecting that recognizing that he as I you shd. embark in no new Enterprise have elsewhere repeated that it is so much more 'the Settlement of your Estate should occupy for me to important that I shd devote myself to the Settlement which engross all the leisure from other evocations ^ either of us can give. of your Estate. Do our best scarcely Then is not a feature of your care that Devoting myself exclusively to the study for the most half from is not first lay unto law points. Do my best I can only expect to put things into the best trim to meet Shape ^ the litigator which (after if not [---] you had better be prepared to before your death). .you must ^ look upon as insertable April 4 '73 ^ ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F6_I5_p004.jpg) President Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F6_I5_p005.jpg) K ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F6_I6_p001.jpg) President Brigham Young Dear Sir: You are to be con= gratulated on the beneficial influence of your recent pulbic utterances here. Most respectfully and truly yours Thomas L. Kane Washington, April 15, '73 ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F6_I7_p001.jpg) Salt Lake City May 7th 1873 My Dear General Your two favors, of April 2d and those of the 3d, 4th, & 15th of April that of the 4th being numbered 1 were duly received by the hand of my Son John W., and were perused with much pleasure and satisfaction. I would have acknowledged them earlier, but prefered to send by pri- vate hand rather than to trust to the uncertainty of the mails; and that our communication may be reliable I expressly send my Son, Brigham, and Geo. Q. Cannon to see you, and carry such information respecting my affairs as you desire. I have conversed freely and fully with them upon the various matters under con- sideration, and they will be able to make explanations which will relieve me from the necessity of writing at length upon many points. I feel that you also may converse with them with confidence, and I wish you to give them such instruc- tions as you may wish to do in these matters. The words you sent me to read came to hand, but the edition of the work we ar- ranged to use has slipped my memory. Will you pleas communicate the same by the bearers? ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F6_I7_p002.jpg) (2 The interest which you manifest in my- self and in the arrangement of my af- fairs is very gratifying to me, and your suggestions are appreciated and will receive dee consideration. With the speedy means of communication we now enjoy, I trust that, hereafter, our seperations will not be so lengthy, or our correspondence so much interupted as it has been in the past. The recent visit of yourself, wife and children to our Country I greatly enjoyed, and hope that, ere long, you will be able to afford us the pleasure of again seeing you. As to the counsel that will be needed, yourself and our Delegate can converse together upon the subject and decide as to who will be the most suitable person. Give my kind regards to Mrs Kane and the children and accept my love to yourself. With earnest desires for your health and prosperity, I remain as ever Your Friend Major General Thoms. L Kane} Kane, McKean Co. Penn.} Brigham Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F6_I8_p001.jpg) K [-]By. June 7. Parting Letter by hands of B. Y Jr & GQC My dear friend: To economize time, I have co[--]t and matters money even of my private counsel – to B Y. Jr & G. Q. C. and they have taken notes sufficient to pesent any survivors Thurtales of one memory and I have little doubt that putting all things by others I comprehend fully your indications of feeling through them; created one: Prest. Y.oung wants the Y[--] Your wanting me to "take hold of the RK. from Salt Lake City to the 32: parallel and put it right through - - - "The will" you say need not interfere with this business. The course of public affairs so I have convinced Your [---] and Cannon of the importance of my services efforts to get not the Will wh[-]nce prepared but all your other business affairs into [---] pr [---] shape condition. And my unpr[---]iated reply to the [--] and. has been: than our important occupation for my time. 2d. Must [---] Until I have I my duty [-] in averaging your business and places your credit on a properly stable basis, T– must decline [-] taking action that we <[--] [--] [--]> seem to favor any fresh c[---] of your business operations or [---] of liabilities But on reflection it seems to me that there may be out of her way of accounting for the po[---]ners of yr. recommendation. myself> may it not be it may be <(I ask myself)> that President Young has on his mind the partner of affairs in mercies and the [illegible deletions] of political & rational registrations going on there that he knows more about them than I am aware that he does. --- Perhaps that he thinks I am may be [--] meaning of his message may be fact. I will understand it by your Answering repeating: Put it right through. B.Y. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F6_I8_p002.jpg) 3 points on the Railroad project I have not enforced on yourson J Cannon. 1. Mon is will be achieved — by the [-]ame expen[-]iture of [--]nes — by falling in with plans of th[-] govt of the great R.R. [---]s chiefs than by originating or forwarding any p[--]jects independent of theirs . Their moves must be studied and our [-] action shaped Apply This remark holds good, not only more onto regard to [---] strictly accordingly but with regard to land operations, trade , &c. along line of RRd. contemplated &c. 2. In a long line of RR. with h[-]d which can be made to pay at both [---] but affording no local trade where be between med[--]ing prints construction shd be f proceed from the ends to wards the centre and con[---]ders. This brings up with the Utah Northern and the Southern and [---] In a[--]icas. end: about which we have to be cautious. Until the Texes or Southern Pacific is actually built through (and in there days of disturbed money martests there may be many steps bet[-] cup and lap this terminus may not be an undetermined shot upon the prospected Line of Utah Roads. but quite one upon a harbor in the territory of Mexico. That Pacific matter of which we talked you remember now and which [-] I thought we had given its questions, looms up again. 3. In land operations; colonizing action &c. were m[---]y greater success may be expected; more money made The mar[--]s mind in the T[-]ces Pacific does not has not would if it were not for political considerations express openly the low opinion he entertains of S. Diego and any values (as a terminus) and the all the western indes say [---] <[---]t say of> of the [---] When you are watching for a Lead [--] my no[--] brother might have sued: you cannot foretell in advance where or when it will open a[-] or hear it may conduct you; yet once in (you must <2>) follow it up or how fear you may wish to follow it. 3. To Y Your sons remark 3. It will not be enough for the Mormon purposes to be in with the big railroad men – if you have not [---] to disarm the hostility of the U.S. Govt. – I am at work at this now: to endeavor to get U.S.Y. as as Atty for U.S.A. never the pity – to form a wish to that he cd direct us where we wish to do. At present he is still the Lion in the Path. (over [The following is written sideways on both sides of page] The first Colonization scheme may be made to go with this. but for the present G. is still the Lion in the Path. My little side wish to est form and establish for you a noble Southern Home. build you that Home South of Washington Legislation wd. not establish a sanctuary if we had His Obituary against us. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F6_I8_p003.jpg) If you see there prints clearly, please add to your answer You write to the contrary. I have given due heed to a remark of your son about colonization. Be [--] [-]ith As you spoke to Mr. Cannon Cipher: I have given him the required explanation on it. Cipher [The following is written sideways in center of page] The simple English of the thing therefore may be: Are you prepared to purchase an Estate or enter into any enterprise South of the Arizona line — & in Mexico? After Lending. Suppose the simple English of the thing may [-] ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F6_I9_p001.jpg) Salt Lake City, July 31st, 1873 My dear General: The departure of my son John W. for England, wither he goes to transact bus- iness for me, furnishes me the desired oppor- tunity of writing to you. I perused with pleasure the letters and other documents which you sent me by the hands of my son Brig- ham and Geo. Q. Cannon. They were very satis- factory and were another proof to me of the kind and entering interest which you feel in the prosperity of myself and people. The Will I am very much pleased with, and I shall have it printed here and send you a proof for correction. Since its reception I have been very busy making arrangements and putting my property into such a shape that my family shall have a moderate and assured provision for living. I shall also make a Will in the form that you have forwarded to me. There has been an outward quiet here this ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F6_I9_p002.jpg) Summer; but the unscrupulous people have not been idle. They are forming their schemes and making what preparations they can for an onslaught upon us next Winter. Affidavits and other documents are being drawn up, it is said, and from the little which leaks out respecting their plans they hope this next time to be very successful in reaching us. It is stated here by one who professes to know, that Senator Carpenter has a Bill in hand which contemplates the abolition of our Territorial gov- ernment and the substitution in its stead of a District of Utah, with Commissioners to run the counties and these Commissioners to elect the Delegate to Congress instead of the people. The Being in whom we trust has delivered us thus far, and we have confidence in His power to do so in the future, and therefore these rumors and threats have no disturbing effect upon us. As you know, I resigned last April the position of President of Zion's Co-operative Mer- cantile Institution. Its condition at that time was most prosperous. A change has since taken place, and I find that not to lose the ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F6_I9_p003.jpg) ground already gained by its past operations, my name and help are again needed. It is of great importance that the stability of this Institu- tion should be as much as posible beyond doubt. The appointment of Trustees appears to be attended with good results. If they faith- fully discharge the duties entrusted to them, they will relieve me from much care that has weighed upon me and be a great benefit to the community. The form of Release which you forwarded me to be signed by tithe- payers will answer excellently, and I shall have it printed and circulated for signature as soon as I obtain from you such suggestions as you may have to give concerning the considera- tion which should be inserted. The companies which were fitted out for Arizona failed to effect a settlement. They reached the Little Colorado, but found it dry. It was not such a country as they expected to find, and they returned. We shall have a ferry boat built on which to crop the Colorado, and immediately after Conference (Oct. 6th) it is my present intention to South myself with a suitable ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F6_I9_p004.jpg) company with which to explore some parts of Arizona, and I have no doubts about out finding good places where settlements can be made. John W. will be able to relate to you particulars of affairs here concerning which tele- grams have been sent to the Eastern press. We often think of yourself, Mrs. Kane and Evan and Willie and the many pleasant hours we spent together. Your visit made im- pressions that will never be forgotten. My family are in good health. They send their love, in which I join to you, my dear Friend. Give my best respects to Sister Kane, in whom I was happy to find all the good qualities which had been descri- bed to me by her good husband; also to your children; and that the Lord may bless and preserve you all is the constant prayer of Your Friend, Brigham Young Major Gen. Thos. L. Kane, Kane, McKean Co. Penn ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F7_p001.jpg) Kane, Septem. 12. 1875 My dear friend: Can I tell you how afflicted I am by the tidings of Joseph A.'s death! – The Prince that he was! – With my sorrow comes self reproach. I did not unbend to him as I should have done. When he invited my confidence and tenderness, [I did not; - - although I loved him deeply in return – I did not say so; but repelled his advances, to imply that I chided the single weakness which I wished him to correct. I wanted him to be perfect. I or my heart was set upon his becoming one day, the ruler of his people. President Young. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS1_B15_F7_p002.jpg) And now he dies before me: before you too. (skip) [We must now lean still more upon George Q. — strengthen him all we can. If there is a breath of inspiration in me he shall have it.] Your life was never more valuable than it is now. I beseech you and the faithful and dear ones near you to continue to sustain your health and cheer= fulness. Your friend grieving with you Thomas L. Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F10_I1_p001.jpg) Copy. BR3 279 Presidents Office Great Salt Lake City Jany 13th 1857 To Arrapeen, Chief of the Utahs, I received your letter, which Bror Eager wrote for you, as also your presents which you sent by Bro. Snow. You are my Bror and I am your Bror and the Bro of all good men; I shall send you, the things you sent for, if I can get them. I am glad to hear of your going around and preaching and doing good, I am glad to hear you feel well, and to learn you have so good an influence over your people. I hope they will listen to your teachings, and be wil- ling to do as you say. We hope to see the time when you and all the Lamanites, will become the same as we, that we may be one in all things, that your people may learn to work, and raise grain, vegeta- bles and stock, and live in houses as we do; We continually pray for you and Kanosh and all your Brothers and Antero and soweette and his boys, also for Peleetneet and all the head men, that the Lord may give you visions, and dreams, and send His Spirit to direct you, and lead you and them back to a knowledge of the Lord- God of your fathers, and cause you to become a people in whom he will take delight. I am going north with a company of my Brethren next spring, and if you can leave and go we would like to have you with us, but not to bring any others with you ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F10_I1_p002.jpg) as we could not fix up very well to take any more. We think you would like to see this country, and with us, you know, you will be perfectly safe. It is good for the people to reform and do better, and keep themselves clean, to hold meetings, and talk about the Great Spirit, who is our Father and our God, and we are all his children, and if we will do right, and serve him, He will save us in his Kingdom. This makes us brethren indeed, and if we are faithful to the end will result in great happiness and exaltation in the Kingdom of our God. From your – Friend signed Brigham Young. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F10_I2_p001.jpg) Copy Presidents Office Great Salt Lake City July 27th 1857 Arrapeen chief of the Utahs. I learn from Bros Snow and Peacock that you are doing first rate. I am always glad to hear from you and to know that you feel well, I send you some ammunition Tobacco &c which I hope will be satisfactory to you. We took you north with us, that you might see how we do and learn how to help yourself as well as others we should not only learn to help ourselves but others also. I believe you to be a good man, a saint and I love you as a brother and I want to teach you how to live so that you will not be so dependent, and so that you can teach others of your tribe that you and them may become wise like us, and live happier and better than ever you have done. You must try and overcome some of your weaknesses and not give way to ugly feelings but try and rise above them. Remember the state and condition from which you have already been improved. How much better off you are than you used to be how. ma- ny more friends you have got and if you continue on this course how many more you will have and how much better off you will be ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F10_I2_p002.jpg) I feel very glad to hear that Am- mon is also cultivating the earth for a living It truly rejoices my heart when I see any of your tribe doing good and learning to help yourselves to a living you will all be so much better off in a few years by pursu- ing this course than you will be if you neg- lect to improve in these things and should con- tinue to depend upon hunting, stealing and war- ring upon each other, as was formerly your only resource. May the Lord bless you signed Brigham Young. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F10_I3_p001.jpg) BR3 To 927. Copy. Great Salt Lake City Dec 2rd 1857. Arrapine Chief of the Utahs, I was pleased to learn through letters written for you to me by Bro. J. B. Fairbanks that you was all right, and you know that I feel good all the time toward you and all good Indians, and that Iam your friend, as I always prove to you by my acts. According to your request I gladly forward to you 1 ½ lbs of Powder, 6 pounds of lead 2 Boxes of caps, 2 plugs of Tobacco and the other articles you train led. I received the three beaver skins and the three buckskins you sent to me, and thank you for your present, for I received it as an indication of your good feelings towards me and my people. I hope you will use your influence as head chief to have your people always peaceful with each other and wish the whites, and instruct them to be industrious and behave well, as I in struct my people, and if any of your men are ugly and act badly I hope you will be willing and able to make them do right From your Friend Brigham Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F10_I4_p001.jpg) Copy Presidents Office Great Salt Lake City Mar. 22 1858. Ben. Simons, From all I have heard you say, I presume that you and those with you do not wish to take any part in the matter between the soldiers and the mor- mons' That is good policy, for we are only desirious to protect our rights, our homes, and our wives and chil- dren, which the soldiers would gladly deprive us of, and also of our lives if they could. We do not ask you to help us, neither do we want you to help the soldiers, for which reason I think it best for you and those with you to keep out of the way of both our men and the soldiers, and then there can be no blame attached to you by either party; and by not taking sides with either the Mormons' or soldiers, you will be in no danger of being hurt in any way. We do not wish to harm the soldiers nor any one else, as you well know; neither do we intend to suffer the soldiers to kill us and our families, for we have done nothing worthy of such treatment. We do not expect to hurt the soldiers, unless they attempt to come into our settlements without our permission. Will you not send me word by the bear- er, or by the first opportunity, what your feelings are about taking sides with either party? And if you do not wish to side with either, which I trust you ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F10_I4_p002.jpg) do not, I want you to pledge me that you will remain neutral, whether there proves to be any fighting between us and the soldiers, or not, for we do not mean to fight them, unless we are obliged to, and we do not want the Indians to interfere on either side, but to keep out of the way. The friend of all mankind signed Brigham Young. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F8_I1_p001.jpg) (Copy) Great Salt Lake City July 1. 1853 Captains Walker & Arrowpeen Chiefs of Utah Tribe I have received this day, a letter from McClelan of Payson, by the hands of Charles Hancock, in which I am informed of some trouble among your tribe in relation to a matter which arose between some Indians and a squaw of your tribe, and James Foy of Springville, Utah County in the following manner. The Two Indians and Squaw came to James Foy's house and offered some fish they had in exchange for some bread. As Foy did not need the fish he would not accept of them, but gave the Indians and Squaw all the bread he had in the house free of any charge. The two Indians and Squaw then sat down, and commenced to talk, but Foy did not understand what they said, upon which one of the Indians kicked the Squaw and trampled upon her, which bruised her severely. Foy not willing to have the Indian Kill the squaw in his house, pushed him gently out of doors, and told him in a friendly manner to behave himself; the Indian turned back and abused her again more severely than ever, when Foy lead him out of the house the second time, and took him about six paces from the house, and told him peaceably to keep quiet; the Indian refused again and kicked the squaw the 3rd time; then Foy's wife and children became afraid and commenced crying, when Foy seeing his family much disturbed and no further use seemingly of peaceable means to be of any avail, he knocked the Indian down, & then his fish, upon which the Indian made an attack upon him with bow and arrow, evidently intedning to kill. Foy took the arrow from him and broke it; the Indian seized upon his gun and putting the muzzle to Foy's breast ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F8_I1_p002.jpg) cocked the same, and was about to fire, when Foy parried off the gun and took it, and struck the Indian which resulted in Knocking him down; the other Indian then came up and was about to shoot Foy, when a general scuffle ensued. Now Walker and Arrowpin, this is the history of the whole affair so far as I have learned it from persons who were eye witnesses to the affray, and as your friend and well wisher would counsel you to be peaceable and quite, and not hasty, angry, and for war. Both of your know well that my voice is always for peace, and why? Because it for your good and for the good of all the tribe under your charge; When did my word fail to accomplish the object intended? Never! no not in one single instance. When I have told you to be at peace with each other and the whites, did you not find it to be for your good? So it will be every time; and I tell you now that you must not go to war and disturb the citizens of this Territory, who have in times past, in a great measure fed and clothed you, if you do, you will find out to your loss that the Great Spirit will not prosper you nor your children. If the Indian should die, you must perceive that Foy had no hatred toward the Indian, or your tribe, neither did he seek to kill him, and if you keep still and keep the peace and act right, I will see that Foy will do right in the matter, and pay what is just and right; but if you give way to anger and revenge, and will not give heed to this my friendly advice, you may rest assured that you do not profit by it You know what is right in the matter, would it not be gross injustice to take the life of a man who had given up all the bread he had in the house to these Indians to keep life in them. Foy struck the Indian, not because he hated him, but simply because the Indian would have killed him had he not thwarted the blows &c ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F8_I1_p003.jpg) I think that you can easily see, why it would not be just in you to take revenge in this case; it will be better for you to refrain; which if you do. I say again all will be made right, and to better satisfaction than if you had acted hastily with anger for revenge. I love you all when you do well, and hearken to good counsel, but evil doers I always dislike. Believe me I Remain as ever, Truly your friend Brigham Young. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F8_I2_p001.jpg) B. I. 511 (Copy) Great Salt Lake City April 3rd. 1854 To Peteetneet, and his Band Purretz brought one word from you the other day that you was poor, and hungry and wished to come in unto your lands again and live near the whites, and learn to build houses, and raise grain, and live in peace. Now all this is good talk and pleases me, for I and my people have been friendly to you, and to all good Utahs, all the while and have not wished or tried to hurt you at any time, but have wished to do you good and you ought to know that I am the best friend you have, and it will please me much to have you and your band come unto you old grounds again, and be freindly, and learn to labor for what you need to eat and wear, for I and my people have to work to build houses and raise grain, and cattle and horses, and we do not like to feed and clothe those who will not work when they are able, but we are willing to learn you and your people how to work, so that you can easily raise a plenty to eat, and live much more comfortably than you now do, and then your young men will not be tempted to steal our animals and grain, nor call upon my people to give them what they are not willing to work for, which my people do not like to do, for they work hard for what they have; and when any of your people wish to be fed or clothed for nothing, and if they are not, get mad about it, I think they are very foolish, and ought to know better. Your ears are, and always have been open, and I hope the ears of your people, will be also open; and I wish them to understand that I am the best friend they have, and I hope you and your band will come in as you desire, and that your men will behave well, and learn to labor as ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F8_I2_p002.jpg) you say you wish to, which will be the best thing for all; and I will instruct my people to use you all well, and if another fuss should arise, do not run off into the mountains again, but come to me. I send you a shirt and some tobacco by my good friend Purrely that you and your men may have a good smoke, and understand with open ears, and good hearts, that my heart is good towards you and has been all the time. Brigham Young. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F8_I3_p001.jpg) B.1. 564 Great Salt Lake City. June 28th 1854 To Wash-e kik and Tatowats. I write to you because you was not afraid and come and see me, so I am acquainted with you I would like to be acquainted with all your people, I love you very much and have always loved you. I know that you are the very best Indians in all the mountains, and I know that you have always been friendly to us We want to do you good and always be good friends, and if you will be friends with us we will live together, and always be good friends. Tis true that we wish to cultivate some of your land and raise grain and vegetables if they will grow there and we expect to furnish plenty of trade so soon as we can obtain it to trade with all the Shoshones. James Bridger violated and broke the laws and pro- bably would have been fined if he had not have fled, but his best plan would have been not to have broken the laws in the first place and in the second place not have fled or resisted the officers but stood his track, perhaps he might have got clear and not even been fined. He was accused by the emigrants of furnishing the Utahs with Ammunition to kill the whites with. If we find that we can raise grain &c on your land we will buy as much of it of you and we want to use and you can still live about them so you do not ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F8_I3_p002.jpg) destroy the grain or do damage. We would be glad to have you always with us and help us raise grain and we would teach your children to read and write. We do not wish to injure you or infringe upon your rights in the least but to do you good, neither do we injure the Moun- taineers but they are white men and must not break the laws if they do they have to be pun- ished. I would be glad if you and the other Shoshones and chiefs would come to the City so that I could get acquainted with them also. I want you to show this letter to the other chiefs. We send you some trade, all we can at present, but will send more when we can obtain it. You and us have always been friendly, why should we not remain so? Anybody who seeks to make difficulty between us does wrong; they ought not make difficulty between you and us because they themselves have got into difficulty and have done wrong. Let them do right as well as you have done and then all would be well. O. P. Rockwell, Amos Neff, and Geo. Bean will take out some trade and talk with you and I hope transact business to your satisfaction I would like to meet you at Green River or Fort Supply but the water is too high for me to come so soon. I intend going there this Summer when I would ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F8_I3_p003.jpg) [The following is written perpendicular to the original text in the top left hand corner.] [-] be e[-] us 565 be glad to meet you and the other Sho-sho-nee chiefs. If any man tell you or To-lo-wats that we are going to kill off the Indians or would do it if they should come amongst us you just tell them that they lie for we are your friends and not your enemies and if we live friendly with each other and do each other all the good that we can the Great Spirit will be pleased with us and make us happy. I am, Your friend. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F8_I4_p001.jpg) Great Salt Lake City Aug 15. 1854 To Wash-e-kik. We write this letter to you, and send it to you by Mr Ryan, who will explain the same to you. We are glad that you are coming to see us, and think that you had better come about the 4th of September, when the moon will be full, to give good light. I think we shall meet you at Parley's Park, where we can find plenty of grass for your horses, and stay over night. We will then come into the city with you, and as many of your principal men as want to come, but the main camp had better stay at that point, on account of feed for horses, as it is extremely poor about the city. We shall make you very welcome, and be very glad to see you, and do the best that we can for you while you stay. Mr Ryan says, that he thinks it will suit you to come about that time, and I think it will be better to meet you there, than for you to bring all your horses here, where the grass is all gone. We will bring you some beef cattle, and corn if we can get it, but the grasshoppers have destroyed our corn. We shall bring you some flour so that you all may have something to eat, while you visit with us I expect from what I hear, to see a great many of your nation this time, and hope I shall, as I love the Shoshones very much. They have always been good and friendly to us, and we think a great deal of them. When I see you, I can talk better with you than I can write I am your friend Brigham Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F8_I5_p001.jpg) (Copy) B.1.741 G. S. L. City Nov 6. 1854 To Wash-e-kik I send this my letter to you by your good friends Mr Ryan & Mr Hickman. I was sorry to learn that your people are so disposed to break up and scatter about. I love the Shoshones, and therefore wish to tell you and your people some of my ideas which I think will be for your good. I think it is a poor plan for the Shoshones to scatter so much, and roam about in such small parties. This plan exposes you more to the attacks of your enemies. I also think it unwise for you to depend entirely upon hunting and fishing for your living, for game is often scarce, and often hard to be caught, and in such cases you suffer from hunger, and sometimes starve. Now I would like to see your people collect into large bands, and begin to cultivate the earth that you may not starve when you are unfortunate in hunting. You have many good places that you can settle upon to raise grain & vegetables. Mr Ryan tells me that a place in Green River, called "Brown's Hole" is a good spot for raising wheat, corn, potatoes, pumpkins, and many other things which are good to eat. If you wish to begin to farm, so that you may have plenty to eat, without being obliged to hunt in the cold, I will send good men of my people to help you make farms, and help and show you how to raise grain. I hope you will see that this is for your good, and conclude to begin to till the earth next spring, and I will help you to seed, tools, and such aid you may wish, to give you a start. During the coming winter I think it would be a good plan for you to go to some good hunting grounds, ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F8_I5_p002.jpg) not in too small parties, and lay up plenty of meat, and dress skins and robes, and next spring I will send men with blankets, powder, lead, beads, and such trade as you may wish, which you can pur= chase with your robes, skins, and such other articles as you may have to exchange. I hope you will understand that I am your friend, and that I desire to do you all the good I can. I also wish you to unders= tand that Mr Ryan, Mr Hickman, and Mr Brown, and such of my friends as I may send you are your friends and wish to do you good, and presume your hearts will be good towards them, and that you will use them well, and open your ears to their good counsel. Now [-]ash[-]-e-kik and the Shoshones I want you to remember these my words to you, and open your ears well to understand them, and do not forget that I am Your friend Brigham Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F8_I6_p001.jpg) (Copy) G. S. L. City Nov 21. 1854 Ka-lat-too Chief of Band of Shoshones Indians, about the Heber River North, and all the Shoshones Indians in that vicinity. I Brigham Young write a few lines to you to let you know what my counsel is to you, for this winter and next Spring. It will be rather difficult for you to get a living where you are this winter because you have not raised any grain, nor is there any game of importance near you. I therefore advise you to go to the Buffalo country this winter, where you can hunt and get plenty of meat and skins, and in the spring early select your location where you will feel satisfied to settle down and raise grain and we will assist you to open a farm where you can raise grain. I would also advise you to trade for cattle, co[-]s &c, and raise stock, so that you might have meat and bread without having to go off hunting for it. I hope by another winter that you will not be obliged to go away to hunt but will have enough to live on that you have raised, but this winter I think you had better go and hunt. Hoping that you will have good luck and that God will prosper and bless you I am Your friend I send you this letter by our mutual friend Mr Ryan Brigham Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F8_I7_p001.jpg) (Copy) B1. 797 Great Salt Lake City Dec 27/54 To Soldier & his Band North As James Brown your Kind friend, and mine, is to start to morrow to go North and see you, I have thought that you would be pleased to hear from me, and also to show you that I am not unmindful of you and my brethren the Utes who used to be in your band when you used to hunt. I hope that you will stay among my brethren the whites, and get along among them as amicable as you, and the rest of your band possibly can. I am, and ever have the warm hearted friend of the poor Indian, and in order to have this feeling better carried out, I wished you and your brethren of your band to come among my brethren, that you might learn how we live, and by and bye you will be able to live by your own labor far easier and happier, than when you roamed through the valleys and mountains with but little to eat, as little to clothe you, and having no particular place for home. There may be among my brethren the whites some men and women that will not act straight, nor talk straight the same as you must know there is among your brethren the Indians, but these should not discourage those of your brethren or mine who love to do well, to Keep doing good, and the great spirit will listen to the good, and prosper them, and give them pleasant dreams, while his ears are shut to the cries of those who do evil. It is my wish that you should learn every thing that is good, and shun evil, and be kind, and generous toward each other, so that you may be useful to the whites, and they to you, and thus ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F8_I7_p002.jpg) live together in good feeling and make each other happy. James Brown, my friend and your friend, will talk to you; he knows my mind, and he will give you good advice and counsel, listen to the words he may tell you, treasure them up, keep them in remembrance, and they will do you much good, and give you peace. I send by him a few plugs of tobacco to give to you, that you may smoke the pipe of peace and be happy. Hoping that you and your brethren are well, and feel well, I, as ever, subscribe myself your friend Brigham Young. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F9_I10_p001.jpg) Copy To 110 Great Salt Lake City, Oct 8th 1856. To our brothers the Piedes at Loss Vegas, We have seen and talked with Youngidge who is a captain, and he talks good, and knows that we talk good all the time and that we think a great deal of you all, and consider you as our brothers and our friends; and we shall always be your friends any how; we do not want you to get angry, but to ask the Great Spirit about us, and if any thing occurs you dont understand, send some one to Dimick and us, to find out what is right, and we will begin to know one another. We want you to do as Youngidge says and he will talk good to you and tell you the truth. We want you to help build houses to live in, and raise cattle and horses and wheat and every thing good that you can, so you can be like us, I talk to us as we talk to one another Signed Brigham Young. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F9_I1_p001.jpg) (Copy) B.1. 888. Great Salt Lake City Feb 3. 1855 To Arrow Pin and the Utahs I hear that you say that Captain Walker is dead. I am sorry if this is so, because Walker was always my friend, and I gave him a great many presents, and made my men trade with him a great deal. He was my brother and I feel bad to lose him, but I do not want to Kill any body else because he died, as some say that you do. That is a wrong notion, that you seem to have when anybody dies, that some one else must die to make peace with the Great Spirit, as though he was angry with you every time any one dies. This is a wrong idea, and one that you must get rid of, and then teach your people better – because a man or chief dies, it does not make it any better to Kill any body else; that would only make it worse, and the Great Spirit would be more angry with us for doing that than anything else. You might as well, because one of your horses or cattle should happen to die, go and Kill another and another, and so on, until you had Killed all of them off. You can also see what folly this would be; well the other is just as foolish as that. All people have to die sometime, and although we may feel bad on account of losing our friends, yet when we die, we shall go to them, and all will be right if we do right ourselves all the time until we die. Now if Walker is dead, as you say, and the Great Spirit took him, because he was angry with him, it was because he had done something himself or some of the Utes or Pauiautes, had done something wrong – perhaps it was they Killed ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F9_I1_p002.jpg) Gunnison and his party, and one of our Brethren from San Pete, William Potter, it is a great deal more likely that the Lord took him for this, for you know that no person was ever taken and killed on account of that atrocious deed. Now, when one man kills another, the man that Killed him should be tried, and killed also, because one man has no right to take the life of another; but when a man dies, and no man Kills him, who is to blame for that, and who can help it? Why no one. Can't you see the difference? So if we do not take and kill a man that has killed another the great Spirit may, perhaps take some one away for it, and he, you know would take whom he pleased; perhaps that is the reason why he has taken Walker, because the Pahuantes killed Capt. Gunnison and party, and brother William Potter. I do not say that this is the reason, but it is far more probable that he is angry about that, than that he is about Walker's death, because nobody killed Walker, he just took sick and died, just as people frequently do, and the Great Spirit is not angry about that, but he would be angry if you or any of your Nation, should kill any body else for it. If the Lord wants any body to die for that he will take them for him. I do not so much object to giving gifts when any one dies although that is a foolish custom too, but is not so bad as the other, so I send you a few presents, not because Walker is dead but because I am your friend and want to do you good and if it will be any comfort to you I shall be glad. It is nothing but natural that you ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F9_I1_p003.jpg) Should feel sad, because this is a great affliction to lose your chief, and I send Dimic to see you, and try to comfort you up. I want you should feel right about it, and not be angry with the Mormons for they had nothing to do about it. If you want to please the Great Spirit, you will hearken to the words which I said and to the words that Dimic will say to you, and if you will do this you will feel better, but if you do not, do so, I don't know how you will feel, nei- -ther do I know what the Great Spirit will do about it. You know that he can do just what he has a mind to and neither you nor I can help ourselves We should always be careful and not displease Him. When you die, as we all must some time, you will be glad if you do as I tell you now and follow my counsel hereafter. I remain your brother, and pray the Lord to bless and comfort your heart. (Signed) Brigham Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F9_I2_p001.jpg) (Copy) Great Salt Lake City May 1st 1855 Wash-e-kik, Captain of the Shoshonaes, I have seen brother Isaac Bullock who has told me about what you said to him last fall and he is going to see you again and tell you all I say. He says that you feel dissatisfied about the whites and the Mormons ferrying over Green River, because you do not get any of the pay. Now, you must Know that if they did not work, and make boats, and set the people across the river, that they would not get anything any more than you do; neither do you get any less in consequence of what they get, but probably much more. Still, I want them to be generous with you, for I know you and your people are poor and I do want all my people to do you good. But I tell you again, as I have often told you before, that it is not good for the Indians to loiter about and neither hunt, nor work; and you cannot hunt much for game is very scarce, and if you go into the country of other Indians to kill Buffalo, those Indians who live there think that you are intruding upon their rights and that makes them mad and they kill your people and steal your horses, and then you have war; and have to be continually on the watch lest you get overtaken and destroyed, so you see that it is not good to live in this way you have always been accustomed to it I know; but things are different with you now than they were formerly. The Buffalo have left your country and scarcely ever come into it anymore, and all other ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F9_I2_p002.jpg) kinds of game is too scarce for you to depend upon. Now we have come with these vallies of the mountains, just at the right time to do good if you will hearken to our instructions. The Lord directed us to come here and when you get well acquainted with us and our people, you will understand why. Now, you pray to the Lord and ask him to open your eyes so that you can see and understand about us, and see if He don't manifest to you that what I tell you is true. We can learn you to get a good living. If you will do as we tell you — and that is to plant and sow grain, and take care of it when it ripens and raise stock and not ramble about so much, but make farms and cultivate them. We will not disturb you when you make farms and settle down, but now, no matter where we settle you feel that it is an infringement upon your rights, but it is not so, the land is the Lord's and so are the cattle and so is the game; and it is for us to take that course which is the best to obtain what he has provided for our support upon the earth, now we raise grain and stock to last us year after year, and work to do it, but you depend upon hunting wild game for your support; that was all right when you had plenty of game, and it was in your own country, and you did not have to go so far away off into the Sioux and Pawnees country after it, and before the Lord sent us to do you good, but now you see it is different, and you should make locations on good land and raise grain and stock and live in houses and quit rambling about so much, The Creek and Cherokees have done so long ago, and now many of ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F9_I2_p003.jpg) them are very rich, have good comfortable houses and plenty of property. If you do so the Lord will be pleased with and bless you which I desire with all my heart. My heart is good towards you and your people and I wish to do you good and so do my brethren. We want you to be our brethren also. Bad men will give you whiskey and when you drink it, it makes you mad. You must not do so, it is always bad for Indians to drink whiskey it kills them off. You ask the Lord to tell you if this is not so. I am well pleased with you for you have always been friendly and good so far as I know and I hope that you will continue to be so. I soon expect that our Great Father at Washington will send out some presents to the Indians of this Territory which, if he does, I want you would have a share of them, but it is better to depend upon your own labors for support than on any body else, then you will not be dependent upon anybody, and not so liable to be dissappointed. Very truly, I am your friend (signed) Brigham Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F9_I3_p001.jpg) (Copy) G.S.L. City Oct 3rd 1855. To Arrowpine Chief of the Utahs. I have just heard that 3 of the Mormons who had built a fort on Grand River, near the Elk Mountain, have been killed. I have not yet learned all about the particulars of this sad affair, nor do I yet know what Indians were concerned in it. I am aware that you and your people are friendly to= wards me and my people, and we always feel friendly towards you and your people and wish to do you all the good we can. Perhaps it was some Indians, who did not know our men, that came in and killed them before they had a chance to tell them that they were there to do them good. Be this as it may, you know very well that I do not like to have people fight and kill one another, neither the Mormons nor Indians, but that I love to have the white and red men live at peace with themselves and with each other, and do good to each other and to all men. I know that you love peace and have done much towards making peace with different tribes, and I now wish that you would use your influence and try to have the difficulty in Grand River amicably, settled if you see them so that the Mormons can go there in peace and do the Indians good, as they were trying to do when this late unfortunate circumstance occurred; and I wish you to let the Indians concerned in killing our men near ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F9_I3_p002.jpg) the Fort on Grand River know that we are their best friends and are trying to do them all the good we can. I learn that you have not powder and lead; I will send you powder and lead by brother Everitt, or some of our people who will start for Manti in a few days, and I always desire to assist you to such things as you may need, so far as I may be able. But you know that I have to be very diligent to provide for my large family, and my people have to work hard for food, clothing, houses, and such things as they have; and I hope that you and your men will strive to raise horses and cattle and learn to farm as fast as possible, that we may all live comfortably, and have a plenty to supply our wants. I trust that your efforts to make peace for our people with the hostile Indians, who have lately, attacked the Mormons on Grand River and killed 3 of them, will prove successful, and for which you have the prayers of your best friend (signed) Brigham Young. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F9_I4_p001.jpg) (Copy) G. S. L. City Mar 7th 1856 Arrowpene, Chief of the Utahs, Your letter dated 29th of February last is received and we are glad to learn that you are friendly. We hope that you and all your men will continue so, I am friendly to you and all the Indians. I wrote to you a letter which you had not received by Kanosh but I expect that you have got it now. Tintic is ugly, he a Squash and some others have made all this trouble, they have always been killing more or less cattle and got worse and worse until they finally killed two herdsmen and a quantity of sheep, and when they went to take Tintic in the Lodge, Battees was there and raised and cocked his gun to shoot, and one of the mormons shot him, but I understand that he is not dead, only wounded and likely to recover. I wrote you before that six or seven of our people had been killed. We sent out after the cattle and horses which the Indians had stolen; we got sixty five head of cattle and eleven head of horses and mules but the Indians have got a great many more. Now you know that we have been friendly to those Indians and made them presents all the day long, we would suffer wrong rather than do wrong. Now we want you to take Tintic and such other hostile Indians as you know to be bad Indians that stole and killed cattle, and have killed our people, and give them up ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F9_I4_p002.jpg) to us. Our men have come back with the horses and cattle which they have got and do not wish to go out after anymore but want the good and friendly Indians to bring back the rest of the Stock and give up the bad Indians, such as Tintic, Battees and others that have been guilty of all these crimes. Don't you think this will be right? If you do write to me and let me know what you think about it. We want good, good peace, and want to take that course that will be most likely to effect that desirable object. We are in hopes that you will think as we do about these matters. We think that you do. May the Lord bless you and all good Indians is my prayer, Amen. I am your friend (Signed) Brigham Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F9_I5_p001.jpg) (Copy) Governor's Office G.S.L. City, Mar 15th 1856 Arrowpine, Chief of the Utahs, You know very well that I love peace good peace, between the whites and all the Indians, even their best friend and always expect to be, but there are some foolish Indians as well as many unwise and foolish whites and they often cause difficulties like those which have lately happened and with which you are acquainted. Tintic and some of those with him have been acting very badly killing the whites and driving off their cattle and horses and threatening to do more mischief. Now I do not like such conduct and you know that it is not good and I wish to secure Tintic and the bad Indians with him and to recover the animals they have stolen. Some friendly and good Indians have proffered to bring in the stolen animals and the mischievous Indians if you will give your consent and counsel them so to do, and I write these lines to you asking you as my brother and a lover of peace to counsel the good Indians to bring in the stolen animals and also to endeavor to bring in Tintic and the bad Indians if they can do so without fighting for I do not wish to have any fighting done. Ever your Friend (Signed) Brigham Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F9_I6_p001.jpg) (Copy) G.S.L. City April 24th 1856 Lou-rittee a chief of Utahs, Taaba has been here and says that he has come from you, and is going back to you again in the Uinta Valley, and he says, that he wants me to send a letter to you, and he will carry or send it to you. You have heard of the difficulties which has happened with Tintic and a few of the band, they have been quite ugly, and been killing some men and cattle, and have driven off a good many head, all the rest of the Indians are friendly and we hope will remain so; they do not like the way that Tintic has done. Peteet-neet, Arrowpeen, Ammon, Sanpete, and in fact nearly all of them are friendly and have no difficulty with us. If you would like to come here you can do so, as we never hold any Indians res= ponsible for the bad acts of others. You must remem= ber that we are friends to you and always have been; we want to do you good and all good Indians. I heard that the Utahs and Sho-shones were mad and were threatning to kill each other, but I hope that you and they will make peace and not kill each other any more. When you came in last year you did not come to see me, but when you come again I want you should come and see me; We hope to have a good harvest this year, so if you come in about, that time we shall have food for you and your band ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F9_I6_p002.jpg) to eat ,while you stay, and we will have a good talk together. I pray the Lord always to bless you and all good Indians, and remember ,White eye, Antero and your two boys, and several more of your band whose names I have forgotten, I am your friend as ever (signed) Brigham Young. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F9_I7_p001.jpg) (Copy) G.S.L. City July 28th 1856 To Arrowpeen, Chief of the Utahs, &the Utahs, You are my brothers and I am your brother and the Great Spirit is well pleased to have us live together in peace. He wants his red children to cultivate the earth and raise grain and stock for a subsistence and not be obliged to live by mere hunting and stealing. Arrowpeen is good he feels good and he talks good all the time and it will be good for all the Utahs to listen to him. We want to have Arrowpeen and the good Utahs bring in all bad Indians such as Tintic and deliver them up to us, and for all the Utahs to quit killing cattle, stealing horses, wheat, potatoes and melons from the whites and from each other. Good Indians will not do such things and good white men will give to good Indians when they are hungry if they will not steal. But it is still better for the Utahs to raise wheat, corn, potatoes and melons themselves and then they will have no occasion to either steal or beg. Bishop Snow cannot give you the goods which he received from the agent, Dr. Hurt, without his permission. You must not be angry with him for this, for he will do the best he can for you and you must be content with him and be good to him for he has done a great deal for you and will continue to do all he can. You must be his friend, and he will ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F9_I7_p002.jpg) be your friend. He is my brother and will be your brother if you will do right. Arrowpeen is a good man; he prays to the Great Spirit and the Great Spirit hears him, and tells him how to do, and the Utahs should listen to him. The Lord tells Arrowpeen that we are his friends, and that we want to do the Utahs good. We want to teach them how to get their own living by raising stock and grain, and learn to make tools to work with, and have the children go to school to learn to read and write, and raise sheep, and have their women learn to spin and weave and make cloth and blankets, and every thing else to make you happy and comfortable. This is what we desire to see accomplished. We desire to see you prosperous and happy, and we know the way to make you so, if you will only do as we instruct you, and the Lord will be pleased and bless you. We pray for all the Utahs (Signed) Brigham Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F9_I8_p001.jpg) (Copy) G. S. L. City July 30th. 1856 To all whom it may concern, or unto whom this may come Altero has been on a visit to see me in Great Salt Lake City. He is a good Indian and I love him he is my Brother and so are all good men. I want to do them good, to learn them to cultivate the earth, raise grain and stock, build houses and learn to live like the Whites. The game is growing scarce in the moun= tains and all must see the necessity of ob- taining their living from some other source than hunting, war, and stealing. We are at peace with all the Indians, and we want to remain so, and we want all the Indians to be and remain at peace with each other. I am acquainted with and have seen Souiette, White=eye, and a good many other of the Uinta Utahs, they are good men, and I pray the Lord to bless them. I have given Artero some tobacco to take to his tribe that you may smoke and think of me and remember that I love you and seek to do you good. You must all be good Indians and do each other good. I am glad to have Antero come and see me and should like to see Souiette, White-eye and others of the Uinta Utahs, whenever it is ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F9_I8_p002.jpg) convenient for them to come and see me. I want Antero to talk good talk to all the Indians to induce them to learn to work and live in peace and raise wheat, corn, oats, barley, peas, beans, melons, squashes, and potatoes, fruit and every thing else that is to eat. (signed) Brigham Young. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F9_I9_p001.jpg) Copy Great Salt Lake City August 11. 1836. —Wash-e-kik chief of the Shoshones send out by Brother Wm A. Hickman a few presents which I trust will be sa- tisfactory to you I have heard a good report from you and your tribe, and am glad to hear of your friendly feelings towards the whites, and that you are willing to have them settle on your land and raise grain, I am your brother and want to do you good, I want to have all the Indians live at peace with each other and be at peace with the whites I have thought a great deal about you and have seen that you have a great deal of dif- ficulty to support yourself and tribe you have to go and hunt Buffalo to get a living, this brings you into collision with other Indians who are per- haps hostile and exposed you to danger. Moreover the game is continually getting scarce, which makes it more and more difficult for you to get a living Owing to all these difficul- ties I have considered that it would be a good plan for you to have some of your men to cul- tivate some land and raise grain such as wheat, corn and potatoes and raise stock so that when the game fails or it becomes dangerous to go ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS2_B15_F9_I9_p002.jpg) after Buffalo you can have some food laid up from some other source upon which you can rely. Now our people will shew you your men to cultivate the land and assist them a little to get a start if you will have your men work as the whites do. This you will find will be the best policy for you to pursue, and you will also want to build some houses to live in and set- tle down and have schools wherein your young men and women and children can learn to read and write so that they can communicate their ideas to one another as I do now to you Wash-e-kek think of these things and ask the GreatSpirit to tell you if it is true and then act as the Great Spirit shall dictate. I should like very much to see you but I cannot come out just now and I suppose that you cannot come to see me, but if your men were cultivating the earth so that you did not have to go out on those long hunts every year we might see each other oftener, I remember you well and know that you are a good man wish ing to do right, and wishing to have your men do so to. Your friend Brigham Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS3_B15_F11_I1_p001.jpg) Presidents Office, G.S.L. City, Sep. 17, 1839. Elder George Q. Cannon, Room No 12 81 Nassau Street Fulton & John New York, Dear Brother:- Our Delegate, the Hon. W. H. Hooper, a few Elders sent upon missions, and some going to the States on business expect to start on the 20th inst., affording opportunity for safe transmis- sion of letters, &c. Lest you may not have received full files of the 'News' and 'mountaineer,' I forward to Col. Kane a full file of the mountain- eer (4 numbers) and those numbers of the 'News' containing Dis- trict Court reports, that you may be informed upon the Grand Jury charges by Judges Sinclair, Cradlebaugh and Eckles, and upon the Court business transacted thus far, with the spirit with which even the reports, devoid of minute detail, evidence it has been conducted. During this, the first, week of his adjourned term Judge Sinclair has shown a commendable spirit for the dis- patch of business, and his official department has assumed a suavity altogether unusual in the Judges appointed by Pres. Buchanan. How long dispatch and courtesey may mark his court proceedings, it would, perhaps, be rather difficult to state, or why, of a sudden, he has so varied from the precedent ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS3_B15_F11_I1_p002.jpg) course followed by himself and collegues. But from whatever cause adopted, or however long it may continue, we hail the present proceedings as omenous for our good. Notwithstanding Gen. Johnston's high sounding procla- mation "To the people of Utah," June 14, 1858, "the sound has proved hollow and unreliable, and the presence and practices of the army have savored of evil, and that continually. They prohibit the Assessor and Collector of taxes in Cedar county, in which Camp Floyd is located, from entering said Camp in his official capacity and then, at the general election in August last, Judge Eckles took possession of the polls in Fair- field, which is adjacent to Camp and, through his invitation, or permission, the army and followers voted in utter disre- gard of the refusal to pay taxes having disqualified the whole of them, and of course paying no attention to ques- tions of residency, citizenship and other qualifications of voters. It is probable that Gen. Johnston, in defending his aforesaid proclamation, might urge, in keeping with army practice, that 'Mormons' have no rights, but in such case he should not have proclaimed so loudly "that no person whatever will be in anywise interfered with or molested in his person or rights." In the Box Elder affair, in which a Lieut Gay and a company of dragoons attacked a camp of a few old In- ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS3_B15_F11_I1_p003.jpg) dians, squaws and children, without any knowledge of their guilt or innocence, and precipitately fled with several wounded and the cruel and wanton murder of a friendly Indian boy peacefully following his avocation, upon what prin- ciple did said Gay find and publish fault with the guide who, at said Lieutenant's particular request, piloted him to the Indian Camp? Oh said guide was a 'Mormon' and if the most reliable reports be true, Gay and his command dastardly fled from an ignominious fight of their own seeking, with one soldier who would, in a court of justice, be convicted of "murder in the first degree". Since that disgraceful affair, Indians previously friendly have driven away quite a number of the citizens' horses and cattle, and other Indians have plundered emigrant trains on the northern route to California, indiscriminately killing men, women and children, while the detachments from the "Gallant little army" have ably managed to keep out of harm's way of said Indians, occasionally patroling in small squads where it was quite certain the Indians were not. Bro. Hooper thinks of sending to Pres. Calkin for b[-] Thomas Williams, or if he cannot or does not wish to so engage, for some other trusty brother who is a good penman; and he has my permission for so doing. But whether he employs a clerk or not it will afford me much pleasure ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS3_B15_F11_I1_p004.jpg) and be very beneficial if you will lend br. Hooper such assistance in his duties and desires as you can con- sistently with the requirements of our good Friend and other duties devolved upon you. Cap. Hooper will open an office in Washington, and will probably wish you, so fas as possible to take charge of it. And I wish br. Williams, or whoever comes as clerk from England, to do so as speedily as possible after receiving word. Br. George, the casting your bread upon the waters, by way of your efforts in the states in our behalf, may at times appear to you a bootless labor, but it does not and at no time has so appeared to me. It is for us to labor, biding our time and resting events with Him who over-ruleth all things for good, caring only that we are lawfully striving for the right, which I have every reason to be assured that you are doing. The work in which we are engaged has to cope with a powerful array of opposition, and though our labors may at present seem puny, as they of themselves emparatively are, and the work may seem to progress slowly, yet it - is visibly progressing and its progress will increase with an astonishingly increasing ratio, and the results of our faithful labors, feeble though they be, will redound to the welfare of ourselves and all who love righteous- ness. All is well- be of good cheer. Your Brother in the Gospel Brigham Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS3_B15_F11_I2_p001.jpg) G.S.L. City. Jan. 4, 1860. Elder George Q. Cannon, Washington City, D. C. Dear Brother:- Yours of Oct. 14 came safe to hand, and I was much gratified with your favorable report as to the general good feeling prevailing among the Saints, and entirely approve of the course you have taken in relation to them, and of your counsels to the Elders and views therefor as, express- ed in your letter. I am also happy in being able to inform you that the Saints in Utah increase in their discernment and acknowledgement of the overruling providences of our God in behalf of His people. The soldiery are still inactively hived in Camp Floyd, and rather restive that they are so far from civili- zation, with but small prospect of employment outside the routine of camp duty. They begin to comprehend that their plans are failed, they know not how, and are fearful that themselves, the suttlers, the Judges, and others will be unable to renew the hue and cry against Utah, or even to keep it at its present stale point, hence they are anxious to be removed to localities more congenial to their feelings and more flattering for their future military fame and promotion. And the people begin to comprehend that the entrance and stay of the army, suttlers, and camp followers have been in every way beneficial to Utah, though at great cost and ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS3_B15_F11_I2_p002.jpg) Cannon detriment to the funds and fair fame of the Nation, and that this benefit has arisen through the marvellous workings of Him who will control the affairs of the children of men in accordance with His pleasure. The soldiery eat, drill, and chafe, the sutlers are disappointed in their trade expectations, gamblers have mostly left for want of prey, and debauchees of every class are chagrined to find stead– fast– where they expected at least easy, virtue and integrity; while the people are busily pursuing their usual avocations, and enjoying seasonable and well conducted amusements and the interchange of social interviews, with scarce a thought that the flower of the American army is in gloriously rusting in camp near by. The festivities incident to the annual holidays have been characterized, so far as I have observed and learned, by an unusual degree of good order and heartfelt enjoyment. The fireing and street boisterousness so customary at the season were not indulged in, strongly indicating an increasing respect for and observance of those quiet and orderly modes of recreation which do not infringe upon the feelings and rights of any. On the 24th ult. I was much gratified with the privilege and opportunity of entertaining, in my Bee Hive House, my adult children and their offspring; and on the 31st ult. Pres'ts Kimball and Wells, my brothers John, Joseph, Phineas and Lorenzo D., Captn Gibson, Elders Lorenzo and Erastus Snow, and a few other brethren, with portions of their families, dined with me in the Lion House. On the ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS3_B15_F11_I2_p003.jpg) Cannon 3 intermediate days the children were by no means forgotten or neglected, and they most heartily and gleefully par- ticipated in the hilarity of the annual relaxation. The Legislative Assembly have been busily endeavoring to occupy the allotted forty days in a manner the most conducive to the welfare of Utah, but as yet have done but little so far as passing Acts. is concerned; though many reports have been made, and many matters carefully examined. Personally operating in the emigration movements during the past season I am not aware that you need any specific instructions in that matter, but, as our Delegate will probably require much of your time, and as you are already advised to be en route for this place as early in the spring as possible, it doubtless will not be in your power to favor our next season's emigration with so much of your personal attention as we could otherwise wish. Yet we expect, as you would undoubt- edly do of your own motion, that you will advise with br. Calkin upon the subject, and give such counsel to prudent responsible men of your acquaintance in the States as will best promote the furtherance of that object, and, in connection with br Calkin, endeavor to select one or more faithful men of good business capacity and management to superintend the general affairs, move- ments, and operations pertaining to the emigration next season. As to wagons for our emigration, unless you ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS3_B15_F11_I2_p004.jpg) Cannon learn that you can do better otherwise, it will probably be well to inform Mr Peter Schuttler of. Chicago, at as early a date as possible and as nearly as you may be able, concerning the number that will be required by those who intend crossing the plains next season. Should you, upon inquiry, learn that Mr Schuttler will do as well, or better, than you can do elsewhere, he will need no further instructions upon the subject than to make the wagons like those he made last season to br. Eldredge's order, and to be very particular that his workmen use none but the best of timber. A brother working for me, wishes a sister Ro- saline Chandler, 251 Greenwich Street, or White's Type Foundry, corner of Gold and Buckman Streets, New York City, brought here next season. You will confer a favor, if not convenient to have sister Chandler accompany you, by causing, if she has it not, that she be provided with necessary outfit, and travels in the care of some faithful family. The health of your family, and of the people generally is good, and "all is well." Please remember me kindly to our highly esteemed Friend, his dear Mother, his noble heart- ed wife, and their beloved little ones; and say to him that I trust his roughing it in camp life among the mountains has freed his over ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS3_B15_F11_I2_p005.jpg) Cannon 5 mind from all sombre shadows caused by physical ailment. Leaving details of items of local and private interest to be learned from the 'news', Mountaineer, and letters from your family, relatives, and other friends, I remain, as ever Your Brother in the Gospel, Brigham Young P.S. It is rumored that Congress design either to repeal our Organic act and attach Utah to adjacent States and Territories, or place us under martial law. In either case the people of this Territory will abide the Constitution and laws of the United States, but will at once assume their constitutional rights and elect their own officers and establish their own laws, as a matter of inherent right, for all legislative power in re- publican governments emanates from those who are governed. We should establish a State government, and abide the time when the horns shall be sufficiently knocked off to permit of our admission. B.Y. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS3_B15_F11_I3_p001.jpg) (Copy) St. George, 2.20 p.m. Dec. 4 th, 1871. To Geo. Q. Cannon Go to the East. When you see our friend, bless him and tell him all is well. See Bro. Hooper, comfort and encourage him. Say to him we have embraced no religion but what is good for the whole human family, and we shall certainly not relinquish one particle of it. Act as the Spirit of the Lord directs you. B.Y. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS3_B15_F12_p001.jpg) Parowan, August 17, 1858, President Young, Dear Sir, I have recently canvassed the pre- cincts in my Council district. I have been enthusias- tically received and listened to by the people with seem- ing pleasure. I have gathered some information in relation to the difficulties between the emigrants and Indians, which terminated in the horrible Massacre at the Mountain Meadows. It appears that the emigrants, who pas- sed over this route last fall, conducted themselves in a hostile manner towards the Indians, as well as the citizens. While at Fillmore they threatened the des- truction of the Town, and boasted of their participation in the murders and other outrages that were inflict- ed upon the 'Mormons' in Missouri and Illinois. While camping at the sink of Corn creek, fifteen miles beyond Fillmore, they poisoned the springs, and the body of an ox which had died. The carcase was eaten by a band of Piedes from the desert, who were on a visit to the Pahuantes. I was informed, by the people living at Meadow Creek, the nearest settlers to Corn creek, that ten Indians died from this poisoned meat and that a considerable number of cattle also died from the ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS3_B15_F12_p002.jpg) poisoning of the water. Some of these Cattle were fat, and the owners "fried them up" to save the fallow. A son of Mr Robinson of Fillmore was poisoned from handling the meat, and died. Among the cattle that died of poison were several belonging to the Hon. John A. Ray. He being at the time in Europe, Mrs Ray attended to saving the Fallow, and was so poisoned as to endanger her life and permanently injure her hand. This party of emigrants consisted of some fifty or sixty men. They were attacked in the fore part of September by Indians, near what is called the "Cane Spring," about forty five miles beyond Cedar City, which was the most southern settlement of any importance on the road to California. While passing through the lower settlements the emigrants boasted of their participation in the ex- pulsion of the "Mormons" from Missouri, and threatened to stop at some convenient point and fatten their stock, that when the United States troops should arrive the emigrants would have plenty of beef to feed them with and would then help to kill every "God damned Mormon" that there was in the mountains. This course of conduct on their part, cou- pled with the rumor which they spread, that some four or five hundred dragoons were expected through on the Fremont trail, whom they would join caused them to be regarded by the settlers with a feeling of distrust. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS3_B15_F12_p003.jpg) 3 When the attack was made upon the emigrant party, the Indians sent out runners to the various bands in every direction to gather additional help. The news reached the settlement at Cedar through that means. Ahwonap, the Pride Chief at Parowan, received on in- vitation to join the foray against the emigrants. He went to Col. Dame to sell him what he was going to do, upon which the Colonel succeeded in inducing him and the most of his warriors to abandon the project. At this time another company of emigrants fired upon a party of Pahvantes in the neighborhood of Beaver some thirty five miles north of Parowan and wounded one of them. This occurrence created so much excitement among the Pahvantes of that region, that they were determined to exterminate those emigrants, which was only prevented by a detachment of militia sent from Parowan by Col. Dame, who effected a com- promise with the Indians, and guarded that company safely from that place to the Vegas, some three hundred miles. No news of the attack at the Mountain Mea- dows had reached Parowan, except the Indian rumor, until it was too late for Col. Dame to take any mea- sures to relieve the company, which was some sixty miles distant. On the 6th of Sept., I understand that rumor reached Cedar, that the emigrant train had been attacked in camp by the Indians at Mountain ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS3_B15_F12_p004.jpg) Meadows, that several of the emigrants and Indians had been killed and others wounded, and that more Indians were gathering, from various parts, in considerable numbers, being very much exaspe- rated. Immediately upon the arrival of this intel- ligence, Major Haight dispatched some interpretors to conciliate the Indians. The interpreters left Cedar the same evening, and when they arrived the next day at the scene of the difficulty they found the Indians in a state of intense excite- ment, in consequence of the killing and wounding of some of their men. The interpreters sought to conciliate them, but they threatened them with death if they did not either leave immediately, or turn in and help them, accusing them of being friendly to the emigrants, or "Mericats" as they called them. The Indians said that if the interpreters attempted to go to the emigrant's camp, they would kill every one of them. Finding that their services could avail the emigrants nothing, the interpreters returned to Cedar, after a ride of some 80 miles on the same animals, and dallying most of the day with the Indians, and reported the condition of the camp. On the 9th Major Haight, with a party of about 50 men, started from Cedar City to endeavor to relieve the emigrants, and, arriving ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS3_B15_F12_p005.jpg) at mountain meadows the next morning, found the In- dians had killed the entire company, with the exception of a few small children, who were with difficulty ob- tained from them. The Indians were pillaging and destroying the property, and driving off the cattle in every direction, each one endeavoring to secure to himself the most plunder, without respect to the others. When they had secreted one back load in the hills, they returned and got another, thus continuing with the most un- remitting energy, till everything was cached. Major Haight and party found the bodies of the slain stripped of their clothing, and scattered along the road for half a mile. The party obtained a few spades from a ranch about six miles dis- tant, and buried the dead as well as they could, under the circumstances. The ground was hard, and the party being destitute of picks, and having but a limited number of spades, the pits could not be dug to a very great depth. From the appearance of the Camp ground, the wagons, previous to the attack, were scattered promis- cuously; but the emigrants, upon being attacked, gathered most of them into a close circle, inside of which they dug two rifle pits. It appears that on the 9th the Indians withdrew from the siege; that towards evening ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS3_B15_F12_p006.jpg) the emigrants left their camp and started back towards Hamlin's ranch, and that after proceeding about a mile and a half, they were again attacked and slain, except the children above mentioned. It is reported that John D. Lee and a few other white men were on the ground during a portion of the combat, but for what purpose, or how they conducted, or whether indeed they were there at all, I have not learned. It is supposed that there upwards of 200 Indian warriors engaged in this massacre. A large number of the emigrants were killed with arrows, the residue with bullets, the Indians being armed with guns as well as bows and arrows. The Indians also killed some horses, and a large number of cattle, which lay scattered over the plain. This was probably done in accordance with their custom requiring a sacrifice to be sent along with their departed warriors. Some sixteen or eighteen children were pre- served from death, and placed in the charge of families where they were well cared for The prejudice that these emigrants had themselves excited, during their passage through the Terri- tory, contributed not a little to inspire in the minds of the people an indifference as to what the Indians might do, but nobody dreamed of, or anticipated so dreadful a result. There were not a dozen white men living within 30 miles of the spot where the transaction ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS3_B15_F12_p007.jpg) occurred, and they were scattered two or three in a place, herding cattle. Mr Hamlin, the nearest set- tler, was in Great Salt Lake City at the time, and the stock at his ranch were in the custody of his children and two or three Indian boys. It was the impression of Mr Haight that the interpreters would succeed in bringing about a compromise, to enable the emigrants to buy the In- dians off. For the citizens to have attacked and killed the Indians, in defence of the emigrants, would have been little less than suicide, as you are well aware of the exposed condition of the southern settlers, and the annoyance to which the Indians had been sub- jected for many years by emigrants killing them, as they passed through the Indian country. I have been told that, since this trans- action, many of the Indians who had previously learn- ed to labor have evinced a determination not to work, and that the moral influence of the event upon the civilization of the Indians has been very prejudicial. Considerable improvements have been made in every settlement, except Cedar, during my absence from this district. The failure of the Iron Company, to make iron satisfactorily, has caused a large number of the operatives in that department to seek employment elsewhere thereby much reducing the population of that city. T. o. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS3_B15_F12_p008.jpg) I have given you the substance of the inform- ation I have received from various individuals during my canvass, and I regret exceedingly that such a lamentable occurrence should have taken place with- in the limits of this Territory. Your friend and well wisher, Geo, A, Smith ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS3_B15_F13_p001.jpg) Salt Lake [-]4 Prest B Young &c Bros Rockwood Wollen & Rumell have returned from their trip[-] East- on Saturday Evening at 11 oclock JoSephine Daughter of Pres Young & wife of Oliver Free died in one [-]t her shas[-] & which she had be[-]n subject so long ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS3_B15_F13_p002.jpg) she was burrid today Bro W Player the old Gentleman died very suddenly Yesterday at 2 mins pas 4 Wm went up to W gabe Bassonly room to attend Bro Pitts funeral when he was taken sick before the meeting commenced his son Wm found him leaning against a post asked him what was the matter he replied— my bellows have given out meaning his lungs– ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS3_B15_F13_p003.jpg) he advised to go him but since he had rattr not as he wanted to accompany the remains of his old friend to the grave his sickness more ase[--]y he was taken home & laid upon his bed when he slept about three quarters of an hour it is thought that it was paralyes caused by over exert[-]n as he has assisted in carrying the body of Bro Pitts to the ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS3_B15_F13_p004.jpg) assenly rooms he [-]ill be bured tomorrow— It is now thought the no lyest alm in our ease is prolenble during the present less[--] of congress it is also stated that the troops can not be spared from the [---]lten as it would be a great mes fortune to the revenue rev[-]e[-] revenue services as then ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS3_B15_F13_p005.jpg) officers are cintinually engaged in brokery up illicit distilleries & this can not be done without the aid of an armed force Today they hve to consider the Caldwell bridey case & imned aitely after that they are to cinsider the Louisania Electin case which together with the investigaton cimmitte srepats & reports from ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS3_B15_F13_p006.jpg) impeachments & time approp reatins bills & prepartins for the inauguratin not yet passed one likely to occupy their attentin of cingress to the 4 culsim of legislatin for utah = It is recommended by a cimmunicatin from Ithica NY to the inauguratin cimmitee that instead of a grand ball on the inauguratin evening their hired a friend ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS3_B15_F13_p007.jpg) prayer meeting –sensible! Regular march winds today hope it has not extended to your annoyance in travelling snow melting off very fast Receved letter from Geo Q Cannon the news by telegraph of course is much later, He relates however a satisfactory dream which he had in the ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS3_B15_F13_p008.jpg) darkest hour immediately after the trasmission of the Presidents special message to congress He thought that we were in milatry array in line of Battle to repel the approach of an [-] Exceedilin nu[-]ous at form table arm there was not [--]in[-]t[--]y in our rankes alt although all flet at we a dreadful time the ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS3_B15_F13_p009.jpg) suspense & excitement of the a occasin was intense at the very second when we expectid to receive the distructive volleys of the Enemy they suddenly disappeared how he could not remember but there was no enemy& we were delivered from our great peril with joy & thanksgiving pevailing agony us he says this has been ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS3_B15_F13_p010.jpg) a pear cimfort to me as I qcu & I accept it as from the Lord's – It seems to be coming out as phe appeared unto him- =can ute Peterson writes from Copharegen June 9 h 929. members have been added during the year By baptism—650 emigrated the financial condition of the missin ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS3_B15_F13_p011.jpg) is very good elders from utah in general good helath and [-]ul[--]r with enegan & pesveran[--] the winter up to that time had been very mild coal is doubtle the usual price all is well may god bless you & prove with you Dl[-]Wells ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p001.jpg) L I F E O F B R I G H A M Y O U N G ; O R U T A H A N D H E R F O U N D E R S . ----00---- BY EDWARD W. TULLIDGE, ----00---- GOD IS IN THE WORLD'S SUCCESSES, BUT IN NONE OF ITS FAILURES. ----00---- ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p002.jpg) C H A P T E R 1 - -----0----- THE PROPHET AND HIS FULFILLER. A NEW DISPENSATION. THE EMPIRE-FOUNDING SAINTS. ------- AT FAR DISTANT PERIODS, AS THE CENTURIES ROLL AROUND, PROVIDENCE * RAISES UP A RARE CLASS OF MEN TO FOUND EMPIRES AND OPEN NEW DISPENSA- TIONS. THESE EMPIRE FOUNDING MEN BECOME THE VERY SOULS OF THE YOUNG CIVILIZATIONS WHICH GROW UP TO TAKE THE PLACE OF OLD CIVILIZATIONS FAST FALLING INTO DECAY, GIVING FRESH LIFE TO THE BODY OF SOCIETY AND NEW FORMS TO ITS INSTITUTIONS. FROM THEM THE VERY EARTH SEEMS TO TAKE NEW TIME, AND, FOR GOOD OR EVIL, THEIR NAMES ARE EMBALMED IN THE REMEM- BRANCE OF MEN FOR GENERATIONS. MOST FITLY ARE THEY CALLED MEN OF DES- TINY; AND I KNOW OF NONE IN THE WHOLE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE WORLD'S GREAT CHARACTERS WHO STAND OUT BOLDER IN THIS TYPE THAN JOSEPH SMITH AND BRIGHAM YOUNG. THEY SHOW A VERY STRIKING RESEMBLANCE TO MOSES AND MOHAMMED, TWO OF THE GREATEST RELIGIOUS EMPIRE-FOUNDERS THE WORLD HAS YET SEEN. INDEED, IN HIS LIFETIME THE MORMON PROPHET WAS STYLED THE MOHAMMED OF THE WEST; AND, SCARCELY HAD BRIGHAM YOUNG SUCCEEDED HIM, ERE HE BECAME CLASSED WITH THE IMMORTAL LAW-GIVER OF ISREAL. I CANNOT DO BETTER, IN OPENING MY BOOK, THAN TO QUOTE FOR APPLI- CATION A POTENT PASSAGE FROM THE COLOSSAL THINKER, THOMAS CARLYLE, ON MOHAMMED AND HIS MISSION. SCARCELY DOES THE FOLLOWING FIT THE EASTERN ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p003.jpg) PROPHET AND HIS FOLLOWERS BETTER THAN IT FITS THE WESTERN PROPHET AND HIS DISCIPLES. "THIS MOHAMMED, THEN, WE WILL IN NO WISE CONSIDER AS AN INANITY AND THEATRICALITY, A POOR CONSCIOUS AMBITIOUS SCHEMER; WE CANNOT CON- CEIVE HIM SO. THE RUDE MESSAGE HE DELIVERED WAS A REAL ONE WITHAL; AN EARNEST CONFUSED VOICE FROM THE UNKNOWN DEEP. THE MAN'S WORDS WERE NOT FALSE NOR HIS WORKINGS HERE BELOW: NO INANITY AND SIMULACRUM; A FIERY MASS OF LIFE CAST UP FROM THE GREAT BOSOM OF NATURE HERSELF. TO KINDLE THE WORLD; THE WORLD'S MAKER HAD ORDAINED IT SO. + + + THIS DEEP HEARTED SON OF THE WILDERNESS, WITH HIS BEAMING BLACK EYES, AND OPEN SOCIAL DEEP NATURE, HAD OTHER THOUGHTS IN HIM THAN AMBITION. A SILENT GREAT SOUL; HE WAS ONE OF THOSE WHO CANNOT BUT BE IN EARNEST; WHOM NATURE HERSELF APPOINTED TO BE SINCERS. WHILE OTHERS WALK IN FORMULAS AND HEAR-SAYS, CONTENTED ENOUGH TO DWELL THERE, THIS MAN COULD NOT SCREEN HIMSELF IN FORMULAS; HE WAS ALONE WITH HIS OWN SOUL AND THE REALITY OF THINGS. THE GREAT MYSTERY OF EXISTENCE, AS I SAID, GLARED IN UPON HIM, WITH ITS TERRORS, WITH ITS SPLENDORS. + + + + + + THE WORD OF SUCH A MAN IS AS A VOICE DIRECT FROM NATURE'S OWN HEART. MEN DO AND MUST LISTEN TO THAT AS TO NOTHING ELSE; - - ALL ELSE IS AS WIND IN COMPARISON. + + + THE WORD THIS MAN SPOKE HAS BEEN THE LIFE GUIDANCE NOW OF ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY MILLIONS OF MEN THESE TWELVE HUNDRED YEARS. THESE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY MILLIONS WERE MADE BY GOD AS WELL AS WE. A GREATER NUMBER OF GOD'S CREATURES BELIEVE IN MO- HAMMED'S WORD, AT THIS HOUR, THAN IN ANY OTHER WORD WHATEVER. ARE WE TO SUPPOSE THAT IT WAS A MISERABLE PIECE OF LEGERDEMAIN, THIS WHICH SO MANY CREATURES OF THE ALMIGHTY HAD LIVED BY AND DIED BY I FOR MY PART, CAN- NOT FORM ANY SUCH SUPPOSITION. I WILL BELIEVE MOST THINGS SOONER THAN THAT. ONE WOULD BE ENTIRELY AT A LOSS WHAT TO THINK OF THIS WORLD AT ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p004.jpg) ALL, IF QUACKERY SO GREW AND WERE SANCTIONED HERE." HAD CARLYLE DESIGNED THIS PHILOSOPHICAL VIEW FOR THE MORMON PROPHET AND HIS PEOPLE, IT COULD NOT HAVE BEEN MORE HAPPILY EXPRESSED. TRUE, MORMONISM HAS NOT YET SURVIVED THE ACTION OF CENTURIES; IT HAS NOT YET INCARNATED A VAST EMPIRE; NOT YET HAVE COUNTLESS MILLIONS LIVED AND DIED BY THE FAITH; BUT I BELIEVE IT IS DESTINED FOR QUITE AS MUCH IN THE WORLD'S CAREER. IT IS THE ONLY ABSOLUTE RELIGION OF MODERN TIMES. NO OTHER APOSTLES, EXCEPTING THE MORMONS, HAVE EVEN ATTEMPTED WITHIN A THOUSAND YEARS TO OPEN AN ENTIRELY NEW DISPENSATION. IN THIS SENSE IT IS THE FIRST RELIGION THAT HAS SPRUNG FROM THE ANGLO-SAXON RACE, AND VERY PROPERLY ITS PROPHET AROSE IN AMERICA. IF SHE SO PLEASES AMERICA * MAY AFFECT TO BE SCANDALIZED BY THE FACT; BUT THE FACT WILL REMAIN, AND WILL BECOME MORE PRONOUNCED FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION, THAT JOSEPH SMITH IS THE FIRST AND ONLY GREAT NATIONAL PROPHET WHO HAS ARIS- EN IN THE NEW WORLD. HE IS EMPHATICALLY THE PROPHET OF AMERICA. INDEED, ANOTHER LIKE HIM COULD NOT COME TO-DAY. IN THE PRESENCE OF A WIDE-SPREADING INFIDELISTIC SPIRITUALISM, A PROPHET, WITH A DIVINE REV- ELATION AND A NEW DISPENSATION, WOULD NOT EVEN HAVE THE POTENCY OF A FRESH SENSATION. HE CAME BUT JUST IN TIME TO COME AT ALL; AND BY COMING BEFORE THE ADVENT OF "MODERN SPIRITUALISM," HE FOUND AN OPPOR- TUNITY FOR HIS MISSION TO HIS NATION AND TO THE WORLD. NOR PERHAPS SHOULD AMERICA BE PAINED OVER THE EVENT. EMERSON, I THINK, HAS SAID THAT MORMONISM IS THE ONLY RELIGON OF FORCE OF MODERN TIMES --- THE ONLY RELIGION OF FORCE SINCE THE RISE OF MOHAMMED. NEI- THER DID MOHAMMEDANISM, NOR CHRISTIANITY ITSELF, ACCOMPLISH ANYTHING MORE WONDERFUL THAN MORMONISM HAS DONE IN THE FIRST FIFTY YEARS OF THEIR CAREER. IT SHOULD BE REMEMBERED, TOO, THAT THE MISSION OF THE LATTER HAS BEEN IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY, AMONG THE SUPERIOR RACES, IN ENGLAND ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p005.jpg) AND AMERICA. IN THE COMING TIME IT MAY BE EVEN PROVED THAT THIS. AGE COULD HAVE WELL TAKEN SOME PRIDE IN ITS OFFSPRING; FOR I BELIEVE I ENUNCIATE SOUND PHILOSOPHY IN THE MAXIM THAT GOD IS IN THE WORLD'S SUC- CESS. GOD MUST BE IN A SUCCESSFUL MORMONISM! OF THE MORMON PEOPLE IT SHOULD BE STRONGLY MARKED THAT THEY ARE NOT A SECT--NOT A MERE COMMUNITY OF CHURCH-BUILDERS, BUT RELIGIOUS EMPIRE-FOUNDERS. THIS OF COURSE IS AN EXTRAORDINARY CHARACTER-CAST. NOT OFTENER THAN ONCE WITHIN A THOUSAND YEARS DO ANY PEOPLE DARE TO AS- SUME IT; BUT JOSEPH SMITH, BRIGHAM YOUNG AND THEIR DISCIPLES HAVE THUS DARED. HENCE THEY HAVE ORIGINATED AND FOUNDED NEW INSTITUTIONS, RELIG- IOUS AND SOCIAL, AS STARTLING AS THEY ARE PECULIAR. THIS HAS PROVOKED THE ANTAGONISMS OF THE AGE AND BROUGHT UPON THEM AN EVERLASTING SERIES OF PERSECUTIONS AND CRUSADES. YET I NO MORE BLAME THE AGE FOR ITS ANTAGONISMS TO MORMONISM THAN THE AGE SHOULD BLAME THE MORMONS FOR THEIR FIDELITY TO THEIR MISSION. LET US ACCEPT THIS "IRREPRESSIBLE CONFLICT" OF CIVILIZATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS UNDERSTNADINGLY AND IN THE BECOMING SPIRIT OF MODERN TIMES WHICH SHOULD CONDESCEND NOT TO MALICE. IF MORMONISM PREVAIL IN THE AGE WE SHALL, IN THE FUTURE AS IN THE PAST, SEE OVERTURNED OLD AND EXPLODED SYSTEMS, AND NEW ONES FOUNDED BIG WITH MODERN PROBLEMS GERM- INATING NEW LIVES FOR THE COMI[-] CIVILIZATION. IF MORMONISM FAIL, THERE IS NO GOD IN IT. LET IT GO TO THE WALL! BUT LET AMERICA BEWARE HOW SHE TOUCHES IT. ALREADY HAS SHE FAILED ENOUGH, IN TOUCHING IT UNBE- COMINGLY. THE UNITED STATES HAVE BEEN NO MORE SUCCESSFUL IN THEIR CRUSADES AGAINST THE MORMONS THAN WERE MISSOURI AND ILLINOIS. GRANT-- THE CONQUEROR OF THE SOUTH -- THOUGH HE HAS STRETCHED OUT HIS ARM ALL THE DAY LONG AGAINST THEM, HAS BEEN AS IMPOTENT IN THIS AS JAMES BUCHANA N. WHO MADE WAR -- ACTUAL WAR -- UPON THEM AND THEN BEGGED OF THEM FOR PEACE. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p006.jpg) GOD WAS IN THOSE SUCCESSES! GOD WAS NOT IN THOSE FAILURES! WILL PRESIDENT GRANT AND HIS CLASS DIGEST THIS WELL? IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO IMAGINE A MAN MORE FITTING TO SUCCED JOSEPH SMITH THAN BRIGHAM YOUNG: AND HE WAS AS MUCH A NECESSITY TO THE MORMON MISSION AND PROGRAMME AS JOSEPH HIMSELF. THEY ARE AS TWO HALVES OF ONE WHOLE. THE ENEMY THOUGHT THAT WHEN JOSEPH SMITH WAS KILLED THE MORMON WORK WOULD DIE OUT. NOT UNLIKELY THIS EXPECTATION HELPED MUCH TO BRING ABOUT THE TRAGEDY OF HIS END. AND SO ACCORDING TO ORDINARY PROBABILITIES, IT WOULD HAVE DIED OUT, OR BEEN CRUSHED OUT, AND THE MORMON CHURCH SCATTERED TO THE FOUR WINDS WITH THE ANTAGONISTIC FORCES AROUND AND THE RAPID CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE EXODUS WHICH FOLLOWED, HAD NOT A MAN ARISEN FULLY THE EQUAL OF JOSEPH SMITH, NOT LIKE HIM IN TYPE BUT HIS OTHER HALF, OR AS I STYLE HIM THE FULFILLER OF THE PROPHET. IT IS MOST EVIDENT THAT THE MAN REQUIRED TO EXECUTE SUCH A MISSION AND WORK AS THE MORMON PROPHET LAID DOWN WAS ONE WITH THE REAL EMPIRE-FOUNDING GENIUS, AND THAT, TOO, OF AN EXTRA- ORDINARY CAST. IT WAS NOT REMARKABLE THAT, ON THE MARTYRDOM OF THE PROPHET, HIS CHIEF APOSTLE SHOULD TAKE THE LEADERSHIP OF THE CHURCH, BUT THAT HE SHOULD HAVE BEEN EQUAL TO THE TASK OF HOLDING THE COMMUNITY K TOGETHER, CONDUCTING THEM THROUGH THEIR EXODUS TO THE ROC^Y MOUNTAINS, CONSOLIDATING THE IMPETUOUS FORCES AND AGENCIES THAT HIS PREDECESSOR HAD THROWN INTO THE WORK, BUILDING UP A POWERFUL TERRITORY OF THE UNION, FOUNDING TWO HUNDRED CITIES AND PRESERVING HIS PEOPLE THROUGH A STRANGE HISTORY, WHICH HAS TAKEN IN A UTAH WAR UNDER BUCHANAN, AND THE CEASELESS ACTION OF A MAN LIKE PRESIDENT GRANT AGAINST THEM IS QUITE IN KEEPING WITH THE ADVENT OF A WESTERN MOHAMMED IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p007.jpg) SUCH A BRIGHAM YOUNG WAS THE LAST MAN THAT ANY OUTSIDER WOULD HAVE PRE- DICTED WOULD COME; YET HE DID COME. AND THAT THE ONLY MAN IN THE WORLD TO STAND EXACTLY TO JOSEPH SMITH--THE FULFILLER WITH THE PROPHET-- SHOULD HAVE BEEN SO NEAR HIM, SHOWS SOMETHING OF THE SEER IN PLACING HIM THERE. -------- ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p008.jpg) CHAPTER 11. -----0----- THE MORMON EXODUS. BRIGHAM YOUNG AS THE MODERN MOSES. -----0----- THE LAW OF FITNESS IS BEST ILLUSTRATED IN THE LIVES OF SUC- CESSFUL MEN ---------- THE PERIOD OF HIS LIFE THAT SEEMS THE MOST PROPER TO INTRODUCE BRIGHAM YOUNG IN ACTION TO THE READER IS THAT WHEN HE SUCCEEDED THE MOR- MON PROPHET AND LED HIS PEOPLE IN THE FAMOUS EXODUS FROM NAUVOO. HERE WE HAVE HIM AT ONCE IN THE CHARACTER OF THE MODERN MOSES. IT IS NO FANCIFUL CONCEIT OF THE AUTHOR TO THUS STYLE HIM TO-DAY, AFTER HE AND HIS PEOPLE HAVE BUILT UP A STATE FABRIC, WITH TWO HUNDRED CITIES AND SETTLEMENTS, NET-WORKED WITH RAILROADS AND LINED WITH THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH; FOR AT THAT VERY PERIOD HIS NAME RANG THROUGHOUT AMERICA, AND REVERBERATED IN EUROPE, AS THE MOSES OF THE "LATTER DAYS" AND THE MORMONS WERE LIKENED TO THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL IN THE WILDERNESS. FINDING BEFORE HIS DEATH THAT THE ISSUE HAD COME-- THAT HE AND HIS PEO- PLE COULD NO LONGER REMAIN IN THE LAND OF THE "GENTILE", THE PROPHET PLANNED THE REMOVAL OF THE MORMONS TO THE PACIFIC SLOPE; BUT, CLOSING HIS CAREER IN MARTYRDOM, THE EXECUTION OF THE DESIGN FELL UPON BRIGHAM YOUNG. TOWARDS THE CLOSE OF THE YEAR 1845, THE LEADERS IN COUNCIL RESOL- VED TO REMOVE AT ONCE AND SEEK A SECOND ZION IN THE VALLEYS OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS. IT WAS TOO CLEAR THAT THEY COULD NO LONGER DWELL AMONG ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p009.jpg) SO-CALLED CIVILIZED MEN. THEY KNEW THAT THEY MUST SEEK REFUGE DURING THE COMING YEAR WITH THE CHILDREN OF THE FOREST, AND FOR HUMANITY IN THE BREASTS OF SAVAGES. THERE WAS SCARCELY ITS SPARK SMOULDERING IN ITS ASHES FOR THEM, EITHER IN MISSOURI OR IN ILLINOIS, NOR INDEED ANY WHERE WITHIN THE BORDERS OF THE UNITED STATES, AS DEFINED AT THAT TIME, WHERE THEY COULD AS A PEOPLE SETTLE. SO EXACTLY IS THIS THE CASE, THAT, BEFORE THE MORMONS UNDERTOOK THEIR EXODUS THEY APPEALED BUT APPEALED IN VAIN, NOT ONLY TO THE PRESI- DENT OF THE UNITED STATES, BUT TO THE GOVERNORS OF ALL THE STATES, EXCEPTING MISSOURI AND ILLINOIS, ADDRESSING TO EACH A PERSONAL PRAYER, ASKING OF ALL THEIR INFLUENCE TO PREVENT THE RUTHLESS EXTERMINATION OF TWENTY THOUSAND NATIVE BORN AMERICAN CITIZENS, OR AT LEAST THEIR FA- VOR IN PEACEFULLY REMOVING THE MORMONS TO OREGON OR CALIFORNIA. MOREOVER, THEY HAD, DURING THE LIFE TIME OF THE PROPHET, SENT A DEL- EGATION TO WASHINGTON, JOSEPH SMITH HIMSELF GOING TO ASK REDRESS OF THE WRONGS OF HIS PEOPLE. IT WAS THEN THAT PRESIDENT VAN BUREN MADE HIS FAMOUS REPLY--"GENTLEMEN, YOUR CAUSE IS JUST; BUT I CAN DO NOTHING FOR YOU!" THE APPEAL NOW MADE TO PRESIDENT POLK, AND TO THE GOVERNORS, IS SO MUCH A CHAPTER IN ITSELF OF THE HISTORY OF THE MORMON PERSECUTIONS, AND SO IMPORTANT AS A LINK OF UNPUBLISHED RECORD, THAT I SHALL GIVE IT TO THE READER IN THE APENDIX. SUFFICE IT HERE TO SAY, THAT IT AVAILED THE MORMONS NOTHING THEY HAD NOW NO DESTINY BUT IN THE WEST. IF THEY TAR- RIED LONGER THERE BLOOD WOULD FERTILIZE THE LANDS WHICH THEY HAD TILLED, AND THEIR WIVES AND DAUGHTERS BE RAVISHED WITHIN THE SANCTUARY OF THE HOMES WHICH THEIR INDUSTRIOUS HANDS HAD BUILT. THEIR PEOPLE HAD A THOUSAND ANCESTRAL LINKS WITH THE PILGRIM FATHERS WHO HAD FOUNDED THIS ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p010.jpg) 3 NATION, AND WITH THE HEROES WHO WON FOR IT INDEPENDENCE. AS THE BREAK- ING OF THEIR HEART-STRINGS SO WAS IT TO REND THEM FROM THEIR FATHER- LAND, AND SEND THEM AS EXILES INTO THE TERRITORY OF A FOREIGN POWER, FOR THE PACIFIC WAS THEN DIVIDED BETWEEN MEXICO AND GREAT BRITAIN. BUT THERE WAS NO ALTERNATIVE BETWEEN A MORMON EXODUS OR A MORMON MASSACRE. SORROWFULLY, BUT RESOLUTELY, THE SAINTS PREPARED TO LEAVE, TRUST- ING IN THE PROVIDENCE WHICH HAD THUS FAR TAKEN THEM THROUGH THEIR DARK- EST DAYS, AND MULTIPLIED UPON THEIR HEADS COMPENSATION FOR THEIR SOR- ROWS. BUT THE ANTI-MORMONS SEEMED EAGER FOR THE QUESTIONABLE HONOR OF EXTERMINATING THEM. IN SEPTEMBER OF THE YEAR 1845, DELEGATES FROM NINE COUNTIES MET IN CONVENTION AT CARTHAGE OVER THE MORMON TROUBLES AND SENT FOUR COMMISSIONERS-- NAMELY: GENERAL HARIN, COMMANDER OF THE FORCES OF THE STATE, SENATOR DOUGLASS, W. B. WARREN, AND J. A. MC. DOU- GAL, TO DEMAND THE REMOVAL OF THE MORMONS TO THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS. THE COMMISSIONERS HELD A COUNCIL WITH THE TWELVE APOSTLES AT NAUVOO, AND THE MORMON LEADERS PROMPTLY AGREED TO REMOVE THEIR PEOPLE AT ONCE, A MOVEMENT, AS OBSERVED, WHICH THEY HAD BEEN CONSIDERING FOR SEVERAL YEARS; NOW THEY WERE BROUGHT FACE TO FACE WITH THE ISSUE! BRIGHAM YOUNG SOUGHT NOT TO EVADE IT; BUT, WITH HIS CHARACTERISTIC METHOD, RE- SOLVED TO GRAPPLE WITH THE TREMENDOUS UNDERTAKING OF THE EXODUS OF A PEOPLE. KNOWING WELL, AS EVERY BODY TO-DAY KNOWS, THAT THIS EXTRAOR- DINARY MAN WIS NO FANATIC, NOR EVEN A RELIGIOUS ENTHUSIAST, BUT A COOL- HEADED, STRONG-WILLED LEADER WHO UNDERTAKES NOTHING BUT WHAT HE FEELS THAT HE CAN EXECUTE, IF FAITHFULLY SUPPORTED BY HIS BRETHREN, THIS ACT WILL BE PERPETUATED IN HISTORY AS ONE OF THE MARVELS IN THE LIVES OF THE WORLD'S GREAT CHARACTERS; FOR ON THAT EXODUS HUNG, NOT ONLY THE FU- TURE OF BRIGHAM YOUNG, BUT THE VERY DESTINY OF THE MORMON PEOPLE. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p011.jpg) PROBABLY IT WAS A SENSIBLE COMPREHENSION OF THIS FACT THAT PROMPTED GEN. HARDIN TO ASK OF THE TWELVE APOSTLES, AT THE COUNCIL IN QUESTION, WHAT GUARANTEE THEY WOULD GIVE THAT THE MORMONS WOULD FULFIL THEYR PART OF T[-] THE COVENANT? "YOU HAVE OUR ALL AS THE GUARANTEE. WHAT MORE CAN WE GIVE BEYOND THE GUARANTEE OF OUR NAMES?" SENATOR DOUGLASS OBSERVED "MR. YOUNG IS RIGHT;|'|'BUT GEN. HARDIN, AS THE COMMANDER OF THE FOR- CES, KNEW THAT THE PEOPLE OF ILLINOIS, AND ESPECIALLY THE ANTI-MORMONS, WOULD LOOK TO HIM MORE THAN TO DOUGLASS, WHO HAS BEEN STYLED THE MORMON- MADE SENATOR; SO THE COMMISSIONERS ASKED FOR A WRITTEN COVENANT, OF A NATURE TO RELIEVE THEMSELVES OF MUCH OF THE RESPONSIBILITY, AND, AD- DRESSED THE FOLLOWING: "NAUVOO, OCT. 1ST, 1845. TO THE PRESIDENT AND COUNCIL OF THE CHURCH AT NAUVOO: HAVING HAD A FREE AND FULL CONVERSATION WITH YOU THIS DAY, IN REFERENCE TO YOUR PROPOSED RE- MOVAL FROM THIS COUNTRY, WE HAVE TO REQUEST YOU TO SUBMIT TO FACTS AND INTENTIONS STATED TO US IN THE SAID CONVERSATIONS TO WRITING, IN ORDER THAT WE MAY LAY THEM BEFORE THE GOVERNOR AND PEOPLE OF THE STATE. WE HOPE THAT BY SO DOING, IT WILL HAVE A TENDENCY TO ALLAY THE EXCITEMENT AT PRESENT EXISTING IN THE PUBLIC MIND. WE HAVE THE HONOR TO SUBSCRIBE OURSELVES, RESPECTFULLY YOURS, JOHN J. HARDIN, W. B. WARREN, S. A. DOUGLASS, J. A. M'DOUGAL. THE COVENANT ITSELF IS TOO PRECIOUS A DOCUMENT TO BE LOST TO HIS- TORY, HERE IT IS: ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p012.jpg) T H E C O V E N A N T . ---------- "NAUVOO, OCT. 1ST, 1845. TO GEN. JOHN J. HARDIN, W. B. WARREN, S. A. DOUGLAS & J. M'DOUGAL:-- MESSRS. ---IN REPLY TO YOUR LETTER OF THIS DAT, REQUESTING US "TO SUBMIT THE FACTS AND INTENTIONS DATED BY US IN WRITING, IN ORDER THAT YOU MAY LAY THEM BEFORE THE GOVERNOR AND PEOPLE OF THIS STATE" WE WOULD REFER YOU TO OUR COMMUNICATION OF THE 24TH ULT., TO THE QUINCY COMMITTEE, " &C., A COPY OF WHICH IS HEREWITH ENCLOSED. IN ADDITION TO THIS WE WOULD SAY THAT WE HAD COMMENCED MAKING AR- RANGEMENTS TO REMOVE FROM THE COUNTRY, PREVIOUS TO THE RECENT DISTURB- ANCES; THAT WE HAVE FOUR COMPANIES, OF ONE HUNDRED FAMILIES EACH, AND SIX MORE COMPANIES NOW ORGANIZING OF THE SAME NUMBER EACH PREPARATORY TO A REMOVAL. THAT ONE THOUSAND FAMILIES, INCLUDING THE TWELVE, THE HIGH COUNCIL, THE TRUSTEES AND GENERAL AUTHORITIES OF THE CHURCH, ARE FULLY DETERMINED TO REMOVE IN THE SPRING, INDEPENDENT OF THE CONTINGENCIES OF SELLING OUR PROPERTY,; AND THAT THIS COMPANY WILL COMPRISE FROM FIVE TO SIX THOUSAND SOULS. THAT THE CHURCH AS A BODY DESIRE TO REMOVE WITH US, AND WILL, IF SALES CAN BE EFFECTED, SO AS TO RAISE THE NECESSARY MEANS. THAT THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CHURCH WE REPRESENT IS SUCH THAT THERE NEVER CAN EXIST BUT ONE HEAD OR PRESIDENCY AT ANY ONE TIME. AND ALL GOOD MEMBERS WISH TO BE IN THE ORGANIZATION; AND ALL ARE DETERMINED TO REMOVE TO SOME DISTANT POINT WHERE SHALL NEITHER INFRINGE NOR BE INFRINGED UPON, SO SOON AS TIME AND MEANS WILL PERMIT. THAT WE HAVE SOME HUNDREDS OF FARMS AND SOME TWO THOUSAND OR MORE HOUSES FOR SALE IN THIS CITY AND COUNTY, AND WE REQUEST ALL GOOD CITIZENS ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p013.jpg) TO ASSIST IN THE DISPOSAL OF OUR PROPERTY. THAT WE DO NOT EXPECT TO FIND PURCHASERS FOR OUR TEMPLE AND OTHER PUBLIC BUILDINGS; BUT WE ARE WILLING TO RENT THEM TO A RESPECTABLE COMMUNITY WHO MAY INHABIT THE CITY. THAT WE WISH IT DISTINCTLY UNDERSTOOD, THAT ALTHOUGH WE MAY NOT FIND PURCHASERS FOR OUR PROPERTY, WE WILL NOT SACRIFICE IT, NOR GIVE IT AWAY OR SUFFER IT ILLEGALLY TO BE WRESTED FROM US. THAT WE DO NOT INTEND TO SOW ANY WHEAT THIS FALL , AND SHOULD WE ALL SELL, WE SHALL NOT PUT IN ANY MORE CROPS OF ANY DESCRIPTION. THAT AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE, WE WILL APPOINT COMMITTEES FOR THIS CITY, LA HARPE, MACEDONIA, BEAR CREEK, AND ALL NECESSARY PLACES IN THE COUNTY TO GIVE INFORMATION TO PURCHASERS. THAT IF THESE TESTIMONIES ARE NOT SUFFICIENT TO SATISFY ANY PEOPLE THAT WE ARE IN EARNEST, WE WILL SOON GIVE THEM A SIGN THAT CANNOT BE MISTAKEN--WE WILL LEAVE THEM. IN BEHALF OF THE COUNCIL, RESPECTFULLY YOURS, &C., BRIGHAM YOUNG, PRESIDENT, WILLARD RICHARDS, CLERK." I HAVE MARKED THE CLOSING" WE WILL LEAVE THEM"--IN CAPITOLS, AS I FIND IT IN THEIR COPY OF THE DOCUMENT, FOR IT SHOWS THE SPIRITED TEM- PER AND RESOLUTION OF THE MEN, EVEN IN THAT TRYING HOUR. THE COVENANT SATISFIED THE COMMISSIONERS. AND FOR A TIME SATIS- OF THEM FIED ALSO THE ANTI-MORMONS. THE MOST FIENDISH ^ DARED ASK NOMORE;-- THE VERY BLOOD-HOUNDS OF MOBOCRACY WERE FOR A MOMENT APPEASED. BUT THEIR ENEMIES WERE IMPATIENT FOR THE MORMONS TO BE GONE. THEY WOULD NOT KEEP EVEN THEIR OWN CONDITIONS OF THE COVENANT, MUCH LESS WERE THEY DISPOSED TO LEND A HEL ING HAND TO LIGHTEN THE BURDEN OF THIS THRICE AFFLICTED PEOPLE IN THEIR EXODUS, THAT THEIR MUTUAL BOND MIGHT BE FULFILLED--A BOND ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p014.jpg) ALREADY SEALED WITH THE BLOOD OF THEIR PROPHET AND OF HIS BROTHER THEIR PATRIARCH. SO THE HIGH COUNCIL PROMPTLY ISSUED A CIRCULAR TO THE CHURCH. JAN. 20, 1846, IN WHICH THEY STATED THE INTENTION OF THEIR COMMUNITY TO LOCATE "IN SOME GOOD VALLEY IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS WHERE THEY WILL INFRINGE ON NO ONE AND NOT BE LIKELY TO BE INFRINGED UPON" "HERE WE WILL MAKE A RESTING PLACE," THEY SAID, "UNTIL WE CAN DETERMINE A PLACE FOR A PERMANENT LOCATION. + + + + + + WE, ALSO, FURTHER DECLARE, FOR THE SATISFACTION OF SOME WHO HAVE CON- CLUDED THAT OUR GRIEVANCES HAVE ALIENATED US FROM OUR COUNTRY, THAT OUR PATRIOTISM HAS NOT BEEN OVERCOME BY FIRE, BY SWORD, BY DAYLIGHT NOR BY MIDNIGHT ASSASSINATION WHICH WE HAVE ENDURED, NEITHER HAVE THEY ALIEN- ATED US FROM THE INSTUTIONS OF OUR COUNTRY." THEN CAME THE SUBJECT OF SERVICE ON THE SIDE OF THEIR COUNTRY, SHOULD WAR BREAK OUT BETWEEN IT AND A FOREIGN POWER, AS WAS INDICATED AT THAT TIME BY OUR GROWING DIFFICULTIES WITH MEXICO. THE ANTI-MORMONS TOOK ADVANTAGE OF THIS WAR PROSPECT; AND, NOT SATISFIED WITH THEIR ACTS OF EXTERMINATION, THEY RAISED THE CRY, "THE MORMONS INTEND TO JOIN THE ENEMY." THIS WAS AS CRUEL AS THE SEETHING OF THE KID IN ITS MOTHER'S ML MILK, BUT THE HIGH COUNCIL ANSWERED IT WITH THE HOMELY ANECDOTE OF THE QUAKER'S CHARACTERISTIC ACTION AGAINST THE PIRATES IN DEFENCE OF THE SHIP OF WHICH HE WAS A PASSENGER, WHEN HE CUT AWAY THE ROPE IN THE HANDS OF THE BOARDER, OBSERVING: "IF THEE WANTS THAT PIECE OF ROPE, I WILL HELP THEE TO IT." "THE PIRATE FELL," SAID THE CIRCULAR, " AND A WATERY GRAVE WAS HIS RESTING PLACE." THEIR COUNTRY HAD BEEN ANYTHING BUT A KIND PROTECTING PARENT TO THESAINTS, BUT AT LEAST IN ITS HOUR OF NEED, THEY WOULD DO AS MUCH AS THE CONSCIENTIOUS QUAKER DID IN THE DEFENCE OF THE SHIP. THERE WAS, TOO A GRIM HUMOR AND A QUIET PATHOS IN THE TELLING, THAT WAS MORE TOUCHINGLY ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p015.jpg) REPROACHFUL THAN WOULD HAVE BEEN A STORM OF DENUNCIATION. IN THE SAME SPIRIT THE HIGH COUNCIL CLIMAXED THEIR CIRCULAR THUS: "WE AGREED TO LEAVE THE COUNTRY FOR THE SAKE OF PEACE, UPON THE CONDITION THAT NO MORE PERSECUTION BE INSTITUTED AGAINST US. IN GOOD FAITH WE HAVE LABORED TO FULFILL THIS AGREEMENT. GOVERNOR FORD HAS ALSO DONE HIS DUTY TO FURTHER OUR WISHES IN THIS RESPECT, BUT THERE ARE SOME WHO ARE UNWILLING THAT WE SHOULD HAVE AN EXISTENCE ANY WHERE; BUT OUR DESTINIES ARE IN THE HANDS OF GOD AND SO ARE ALSO THEIRS." EARLY IN FEBRUARY 1846, THE SAINTS BEGAN TO CROSS THE MISSISSIPPI IN FLAT-BOATS, OLD LIGHTERS, AND A NUMBER OF SKIFFS FORMING, SAYS THE PRESIDENTS JOURNAL "QUITE A FLEET" WHICH WAS AT WORK NIGHT AND DAY UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE POLICE, COMMANDED BY THEIR CAPTAIN, HOSEA- STOUT. ON THE 15TH, OF THE SAME MONTH, BRIGHAM YOUNG WITH HIS FAMILY, AC- COMPANIED BY WILLARD RICHARDS AND FAMILY, AND GEORGE A. SMITH, ALSO CROSSED THE MISSISSIPPI FROM NAUVOO AND PROCEEDED TO THE "CAMPS OF ISRAEL," AS THEY WERE STYLED BY THE SAINTS, WHICH WAITED ON THE WEST SIDE OF THE RIVER, A FEW MILES ON THE WAY, FOR THE COMING OF THEIR LEADER THESE WERE TO FORM THE VANGUARD OF THE MIGRATING SAINTS, WHO WERE TO FOLLOW FROM THE VARIOUS STATES WHERE THEY WERE LOCATED, OR HAD ORGANIZED THEMSELVES INTO FLOURISHING BRANCHES AND CONFERENCES; AND SOON AFTER THIS PERIOD ALSO BEGAN TO POUR ACROSS THE ATLANTIC THAT TIDE OF EMIGRA- TION FROM EUROPE, WHICH HAS SINCE SWELLED TO THE NUMBER OF ABOUT ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND SOULS. AS YET THE "CAMPS OF ISRAEL" WERE UNORGANIZED, AWAITING THE COMING OF THE PRESIDENT, ON SUGAR CREEK, WHICH HE AND HIS COMPANIONS REACHED AT DUSK. THE NEXT DAY, HE WAS BUSY ORGANIZING THE COMPANY. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p016.jpg) "ACTINGTTHE PART OF A FATHER TO EVERYBODY," AND ON THE FOLLOWING, WHICH WAS FEBRUARY 17, AT 9-50 A. M., THE BRETHREN OF THE CAMP HAD ASSEMBLED NEAR THE BRIDGE, TO RECEIVE THEIR INIATORY INSTRUCTIONS, AND TAKE THE WORD OF COMMAND FROM THEIR CHOSEN LEADER. IN NAUVOO THE SAINTS HAD HEARD THE MAGIC CRY, "TO YOUR TENTS O IS- RAEL!" AND IN SUBLIME FAITH AND TRUST, SUCH AS HISTORY SCARCELY GIVES AN EXAMPLE BEFORE, THEY HAD OBEYED, READY TO FOLLOW THEIR LEADER, WHITHER SOEVER HE MIGHT DIRECT THEIR PILGRIM FEET. TRUE THEY POSSESSED UN- BOUNDED CONFIDENCE IN HIM, AND IF POSSIBLE STILL GREATER CONFIDENCE IN THEIR DESTINY AS A PEOPLE, BUT THE TASK BEFORE HIM WAS ALMOST SUPER- HUMAN, AND A FRIENDLY LOOKER-ON MIGHT HAVE WELL BEEN PARDONED HAD HE PAUSED, ERE HE PRONOUNCED THE MAN BRIGHAM EQUAL TO THAT TASK, FOR THAT WOULD HAVE DECLARED HIM FULLY THE EQUAL OF MOSES IN A STRICT MOSAIC WORK. YBT NOT LONG HAD HE NEEDED TO HESITATE FOR HIS JUDGMENT, WHEN BRIGHAM LEAPT INTO A WAGON AND SENT HIS CLARION VOICE RINGING ITS FIRST NOTE OF COMMAND. THE DULLEST EAR IN THE CAMP WAS AWAKENED WITH THE CRY SUDDEN CRY, "ATTENTION! THE WHOLE CAMP OF ISRAEL! THERE WAS NO; PROSAIC PRELUDE OF WRONGS,-- NO HARANGUE ON THEIR PER- ILOUS JOURNEY, SUCH AS ADDEMIGOGUE MIGHT HAVE MADE, NOR WAS IT MERELY THE INSPIRING METHOD OF A GREAT MAN, WHO, TRUSTING IN HIMSELF, SOUGHT TO CARRY HIS PEOPLE TO A TRIUMPHANT ISSUE WITH THE MAGIC OF HIS OWN GENIUS. IT WAS MORE THAN THAT. IT WAS THE MAN OF DESTINY WITH THE SPIRIT OF HIS MISSION IN HIM--A MAN GREATER AT THAT MOMENT THAN HE HIMSELF KNEW OR AIMED TO BE-- A MAN GREATER THAN EVEN TO-DAY, AFTER ALL HIS SUCCESSES, HE SEES HIMSELF AT THAT SUPREME MOMENT OF HIS LIFE. AS I CAST MY EYE UPON HIS PRIVATE JOURNAL LAYING BEFORE ME, WHICH FROM THE ANCIENT APPEARANCE OF THE PAPER AND INDIFFERENT PENMANSHIP, MIGHT HAVE BEEN THE VERY ONE KEPT BY HIS SCRIBE ON THE JOURNEY, I CANNOT ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p017.jpg) REFRAIN FROM SAYING, THAT THE SIMPLE ENTRY OF THAT DAY WILL BE IMMORTAL, AND PERCHANCE BE REPEATED IN ANECDOTE CENTURIES HENCE, WHEREVER THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE IS SPOKEN. HERE IS THE SIMPLE TELLING OF THE EPIC OF THAT DAY: "ON THE 17, AT 9-50 A. M. ALL THE BRETHREN OF THE CAMP AS- SEMBLED NEAR THE BRIDGE, WHEN I AROSE IN A WAGON, AND CRIED WITH A of LOUD VOICE, "ATTENTION! THE WHOLE CAMP F ISRAEL!" THIS IS VERILY NAPOLEONIC IN ITS COMMANDING GRIP: BUT THIS HOME- LY TELLING! IT IS TREATING AN EXODUS, WHICH WRITERS OF EVERY AGE HAVE CONFESSED IN ADMIRATION TO BE THE GRANDEST OF EPIC SUBJECTS, AS AN ORDINARY EVERYDAY AFFAIR. THE MORMONS WERE SETTING OUT UNDER THEIR LEADER FROM THE BORDERS OF CIVILIZATION, WITH THEIR WIVES AND THEIR CHILDREN IN BROAD DAYLIGHT, BEFORE THE VERY EYES OF TEN THOUSAND OF THEIR ENEMIES, WHO WOULD HAVE PREFERRED THEIR UTTER DESTRUCTION RATHER THAN THEIR "FLIGHT," NOT- WITHSTANDING THEY HAD ENFORCED IT BY TREATIES OUTRAGEOUS BEYOND DESCRIP- TION, SEEING THAT THE EXILES WERE NEARLY ALL AMERICAN BORN, MANY OF THEM TRACING THEIR ANCESTORS TO THE VERY FOUNDERS OF THE NATION. THEY HAD TO MAKE A JOURNEY OF FIFTEEN HUNDRED MILES OVER TRACKLESS PRAI- RIES, SANDY DESERTS, AND ROCKY MOUNTAINS, THROUGH BANDS OF WAR-LIKE IN- DIANS, WHO HAD BEEN DRIVEN EXASPERATED TOWARDS THE WEST, AND THEN AT LAST TO SEEK OUT AND BUILD UP THEIR ZION IN VALLEYS THEN UNFRUITFUL, WHERE THE FOOT OF THE WHITE MAN HAD SCARCELY TROD IN A SOLITARY SPOT. THESE, TOO, WERE TO BE FOLLOWED BY THE AGED, THE HALT, THE SICK, AND THE BLIND, THE POOR WHO WERE TO BE HELPED BY THEIR LITTLE LESS DESTITUTE BRETHREN, AND THE DELICATE YOUNG MOTHER WITHHER NEW BORN BABE AT HER BREAST. AYE! STILL WORSE, FOR THEY WERE NOT ONLY THREATENED WITH THE EXTERMINATION OF THE POOR REMNANT AT NAUVOO, BUT NEWS HAD ARRIVED THAT THE PARENT-GOVERNMENT DESIGNED TO PURSUE THEIR PIONEERS WITH TROOPS, ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p018.jpg) TAKE FROM THEM THEIR ARMS, AND SCATTER THEM, THAT THEY MIGHT PERISH BY THE WAY AND LEAVE THEIR BONES BLEACHING IN THE WILDERNESS, AFTER THEIR BODIES HAD BEEN DEVOURED BY BEASTS LESS CRUEL THAN THE HUMAN WOLVES WHO HAD PREPARED FOR THEMTHEIR SACRED FEASTS. YET DID BRIGHAM YOUNG DEAL WITH THE EXODUS OF HIS PEOPLE, AS SIM- PLY IN ITS OPENING ACTION AS HE DID IN ITS RECORD OF HIS DAILY JOURNAL. SO, INDEED, DID THE ENTIRE MORMON COMMUNITY. THEY ALL SEEMED AS OB- LIVIOUS OF THE STUPENDOUS MEANING OF AN EXODUS, AS DID THE FIRST WORK- ERS ON RAILROADS OF THE VAST MEANING TO CIVILIZATION OF THAT WONDER OF THE AGE. THE FACT IS, FROM THE LEADER TO THE LEAST OF THE DISCIPLES, THE MORMONS IN THAT EXODUS WERE AS AN EVERLASTING MONUMENT OF A PEOPLE THE TRUSTING IN THEIR GOD, IN THEIR MISSION SUPERIOR TO THE GREATEST HUMAN TRIALS, AND IN THEIR CHILDLIKE FAITH EQUAL TO SUPERHUMAN UNDERTAKINGS. TO-DAY COMETH,HOWEVER, WITH THE ASTONISHING CHANGE WHICH HAS COME OVER THE SPIRIT OF THE SCENE ON THE WHOLE PACIFIC SLOPE, SINCE THE MOR- MONS PIONEERED OUR NATION TOWARDS THE SETTING SUN, THE PICTURE OF A MODERN ISREAL IN THEIR EXODUS HAS ALMOST FADED FROM THE POPULAR MIND, BUT AT THAT DATE IT WAS ALL PREVAILING, AND IN FIVE HUNDRED YEARS HENCE, WHEN THE CROWD OF PASSING EVENTS SHALL HAVE EACH TAKEN THEIR PROPER PLACE, THE HISTORIAN WILL POINT BACK TO THAT EXODUS IN THE NEW WORLD OF THE WEST AS ONE QUITE WORTHY TO RANK WITH THE IMMORTAL EXODUS OF THE CHIL- DREN OF ISREAL FROM EGYPT. -----0----- ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p019.jpg) CHAPTER 1 1 1. ----0---- A LAW-GIVER IN THE WILDERNESS. THE MORMONS THE FIRST AMERICAN EMIGRANTS TO CALIFORNIA AND THE DISCOVERERS OF THE GOLD. THE SHIP BROOKLY SAILS FROM NEW-YORK TO SAN-FRANCISCO WITH SIX HUNDRED MORMONS. PROPOSITIONS OF POLITICAL DEMAGOGUES TO SHARE THE LANDS OF CALIFORNIA WITH THE SAINTS. POLK A SILENT PARTY TO THE SCHEME. THREAT TO INTER- CEPT THE PIONEERS IF THEY REFUSED. A NOBLE RESOLVE. PETITION TO THE GOVERNOR OF IOWA. THE MONUMENT WE LEAVE. ---------- "OUR TRUST IS IN GOD!" ---------- IT IS DUE TO THE COMPEERS OF BRIGHAM YOUNG, TO SAY THAT IT WAS THEIR CONSISTENCY, DEVOTION AND FORCEFULNESS OF CHARACTER WHICH ENABLED HIM TO LEAVE THE MORMONS THROUGH THEIR WONDERFUL EXODUS. IT IS NOT IN THREE CENTURIES THAT A PEOPLE CAN BE FOUND OF A TYPE TO MAKE SUCH AN EXODUS IN A RELIGIOUS WORK, AND NOT ONCE IN THAT PERIOD DOES A LEADER APPEAR BY NATURE AND TRAINING FITTED FOR THE TASK. AS SEEN IN OUR OPENING CHAPTERS, BRIGHAM YOUNG SHOWED HIS FITNESS WHEN HE LEPT INTO THE WAGON, AND, WITH A MATCHLESS MIGHT OF WILL AND SELF-CONFIDENCE, MASTERED THE SITUATION WITH HIS COMMANDING CRY, "ATTENTION! THE WHOLE CAMP OF ISREAL!" ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p020.jpg) THEN CAME NOT AN ORATION, BUT THE PRACTICAL DEALING WITH THE ORGANIZA- TION AND COUNSELLING OF THE "CAMP OF ISRAEL," PREPARING FOR THEIR UNPARALLELED JOURNEY. IN THIS SIMPLE BUT THOROUGH MANNER, THE GREAT LEADER SET ABOUT HIS STUPENDOUS TASK, BUT HE CLOSED HIS FIRST DAY'S ORDERS TO THE CONGRE- GATION WITH A REAL TOUCH OF THE LAW-GIVER'S METHOD. HE SAID, "WE WILL HAVE NO LAWS WE CANNOT KEEP, BUT WE WILL HAVE ORDER IN THE CAMP. IF ANY WANT TO LIVE IN PEACE, WHEN WE HAVE LEFT THIS PLACE, THEY MUST TOE THE MARK!" HE THEN CALLED UPON ALL WHO WANTED TO GO WITH THE CAMP TO RAISE THEIR RIGHT HANDS. "ALL HANDS FLEW UP AT THE BIDDING," SAYS THE RECORD. AFTER THE DISMISSAL OF THE CONGREGATION, THE PRESIDENT TOOK SEVER- AL OF THE TWELVE WITH HIM HALF A MILE UP A VALLEY EAST OF THE CAMP AND HELD A COUNCIL. A LETTER WAS READ FROM MR. SAMUEL BRANNAN, OF NEW- YORK, WITH A COPY OF A CURIOUS AGREEMENT, BETWEEN HIM AND A MR. A. G. BENSON, WHICH HAD BEEN SENT WEST UNDER COVER FOR THE AUTHORITIES TO SIGN. TO MAKE CLEAR TO THE READER A STORY, WHICH NOW BELONGS TO OUR NA- TIONAL HISTORY, IN THE FIRST SETTLING OF CALIFORNIA, IT MUST BE OBSERV- ED THAT THIS BRANNAN, SINCE KNOWN AS ONE OF THE MILLIONAIRES OF THE "GOLDEN STATE," HAD BEEN THE EDITOR OF "THE PROPHET," PUBLISHED AT NEW-YORK, HE SEEMS TO HAVE BEEN ONE OF THOSE SAGACIOUS MEN WHO SAW IN MORMONISM THE MEANS TO THEIR OWN ENDS. AT THE DATE OF THE EXODUS, HE WAS IN CHARGE OF A COMPANY OF SAINTS BOUND FOR THE PACIFIC COAST IN THE SHIP BROOKLYN. THEY WERE TO TAKE ALL NECESSARY OUTFIT FOR THE FIRST SETTLERS OF A NEW COUNTRY, INCLUDING A PRINTING PRESS, UPON WHICH WAS AFTERWARDS STRUCK OFF THE FIRST REGULAR NEWSPAPER OF CALIFORNIA. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p021.jpg) ARRIVED IN THE BAY OF SAN-FRANCISCO, AND REALLY THE PIONEER EMIGRANTS TO THE GOLDEN STATE, OF AMERICAN CITIZENS, FOR FREMONTS VOLUNTEERS CAN- NOT BE CONSIDERED IN THAT CHARACTER. INDEED, IT IS NOT A LITTLE SINGU- LAR THAT THE MORMONS WERE NOT ONLY THE PIONEERS OF UTAH, BUT ALSO THE PIONEERS OF CALIFORNIA, THE BUILDERS OF THE FIRST HOUSES, THE STARTERS OF THE FIRST PAPERS, AND, WHAT HAS CONTRIBUTED SO MUCH TO THE GROWTH OF THE PACIFIC, THE MEN WHO DISCOVERED THE GOLD UNDER THE FORE-MAN OF SUTTER'S MILLS--MY. MARSHAL. THESE FACTS, HOWEVER, THE PEOPLE OF CALIFORNIA SEEM SOMEWHAT TO HIDE IN THE HISTORIES OF THEIR STATE. RELATIVE TO THE SAILING OF THIS COMPANY, SAMUEL BRANNAN HAD WRITTEN TO THE MORMON AUTHORITIES. EX-POSTMASTER AMOS KENDALL, AND THE SAID BENSON, WHO SEEMS TO HAVE BEEN KENDALL'S AGENT, WITH OTHERS OF POLITI- CAL INFLUENCE, REPRESENTED TO BRANNAN THAT, UNLESS THE LEADERS OF THE CHURCH SIGNED AN AGREEMENT WITH THEM, TO WHICH THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED-STATES, HE SAID, WAS A "SILENT PARTY," THE GOVERNMENT WOULD NOT PERMIT THE MORMONS TO PROCEED ON THEIR JOURNEY WEST-WARD. THIS AGREEMENT REQUIRED THE PIONEERS "TO TRANSFER TO A. G. BENSON AND COM- PANY, AND TO THEIR HEIRS AND ASSIGNEES," THE ODD NUMBERS OF ALL THE LANDS AND TOWN LOTS THEY MAY ACQUIRE IN THE COUNTRY WHERE THEY MAY SETTLE." IN CASE THEY REFUSED TO SIGN THE AGREEMENT THE PRESIDENT, IT WAS SAID, WOULD ISSUE A PROCLAMATION, SETTING FORTH THAT IT WAS THE INTENTION OF THE MORMONS TO TAKE SIDES WITH EITHER MEXICO OR GREAT BRITAIN AGAINST THE UNITED-STATES, AND ORDER THEM TO BE DISARMED AND DISPERSED. BOTH THE LETTER AND CONTRACT ARE VERY CHARACTERISTIC, AND THE WORDLY-MINDED MAN'S POOR IMITATION OF THE EARNEST RELIGIONIST HAS PROBABLY OFTEN SINCE AMUSED MR. BRANNAN HIMSELF. IN HIS LETTER HE SAID: "I DECLARE TO ALL THAT YOU ARE NOT GOING TO CALIFORNIA, BUT ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p022.jpg) OREGON, AND THAT MY INFORMATION IS OFFICIAL. KENDALL HAS ALSO LEARN- ED THAT WE HAVE CHARTERED THE SHIP BROOKLYN, AND THAT MORMONS ARE GOING OUT IN HER; AND, IT IS THOUGHT, SHE WILL BE SEARCHED FOR ARMS, AND IF FOUND TAKEN FROM US; AND IF NOT AN ORDER WILL BE SENT TO COMO- DORE STOCKTON ON THE PACIFIC TO SEARCH OUR VESSEL BEFORE WE LAND. KENDALL WILL BE IN THE CITY NEXT THURSDAY AGAIN AND THEN AN EFFORT WILL BE MADE TO BRING ABOUT A RECONCILIATION. I WILL MAKE YOU ACQUAINTED WITH THE RESULT BEFORE I LEAVE. THE "RECONCILIATION" BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT AND THE MORMONS, THE READER WILL DULY APPRECIATE WAS TO BE EFFECTED BY THE DIVISION OF THE SPOIL AMONG POLITICAL CHIEFS, INCLUDING, IF BRANNAN AND KENDALL ARE TO BE RELIED ON, THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED-STATES HIMSELF. THE FOLLOW- ING LETTER OF FOURTEEN DAYS LATER DATE IS TOO RICH AND GRAPHIC TO BE LOST TO THE PUBLIC: NEW-YORK JAN. 26, '46. DEAR BROTHER YOUNG:-- I HASTE TO LAY BEFORE YOUR HONORABLE BODY THE RESULT OF MY MOVEMENTS SINCE I WROTE YOU LAST, WHICH WAS FROM THIS CITY, STATING SOME OF MY DISCOVERIES, IN RELATION TO THE CONTEMPLATED MOVEMENTS OF THE GENERAL GOVERNMENT IN OPPOSITION TO OUR REMOVAL. I HAD AN INTERVIEW WITH AMOS KENDALL, IN COMPANY WITH MR. BENSON, WHICH RESULTED IN A COMPROMISE, THE CONDITIONS OF WHICH YOU WILL LEARN BY READING THE CONTRACT BETWEEN THEM AND US, WHICH I SHALL FORWARD BY THIS MAIL. I SHALL ALSO LEAVE A COPY OF THE SAME WITH ELDER APPLEBY, WHO WAS PRESENT WHEN IT WAS SIGNED. KENDALL IS NOW OUR FRIEND, AND WILL USE HIS INFLUENCE IN OUR BEHALF, IN CONNECTION WITH TWENTY-FIVE OF THE MOST PROMINENT DEMAGOGUES IN THE COUNTRY. THEIR COUNSEL IS TO GO ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p023.jpg) WELL ARMED, BUT KEEP THEM WELL SECRETED FROM THE RABBLE. I SHALL SELECT THE MOST SUITABLE SPOT ON THE BAY OF SAN-FRANCISCO FOR THE LOCATION OF A COMMERCIAL CITY. WHEN I SAIL, WHICH WILL BE NEXT SATURDAY AT 1O'CLOCK, I SHALL HOIST A FLAG WITH OREGON ON IT. IMMEDIATELY ON THE RECEPTION OF THIS LETTER, YOU MUST WRITE TO MR. A. G. BENSON, AND LET HIM KNOW WHETHER YOU ARE WILLING TO COINCIDE WITH THE CONTRACT I HAVE MADE FOR OUR DELIVERENCE. I AM AWARE, IT IS A COVENANT WITH DEATH, BUT WE KNOW THAT GOD IS ABLE TO BREAK IT, AND WILL DO IT. THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL FROM EGYPT HAD TO MAKE COVENANTS FOR THEIR SAFETY, AND LEAVE IT FOR GOD TO BREAK THEM, AND THE PROPHET HAS SAID, "AS IT WAS THEN, SO SHALL IT BE IN THE LAST DAYS." AND I HAVE BEEN LED BY A REMARKABLE TRAIN OF CIRCUMSTANCES TO SAY, AMEN; AND I FEEL AND HOPE YOU WILL DO THE SAME. MR. BENSON THINKS THE TWELVE SHOULD LEAVE AND GET OUT OF THE COUNTRY FIRST, AND AVOID BEING ARRESTED, IF IT IS A POSSIBLE THING; BUT IF YOU ARE ARRESTED, YOU WILL FIND A STAUNCH FRIEND IN HIM; AND YOU WILL FIND FRIENDS AND THAT A HOST TO DELIVER YOU FROM THEIR HANDS. IF ANY OF YOU ARE ARRESTED DON'T BE TRIED WEST OF THE ALLEGHANY MOUN- TAINS, IN THE EAST, YOU WILL FIND FRIENDS THAT YOU LITTLE THINK OF. IT IS THE PRAYER OF THE SAINTS IN THE EAST NIGHT AND DAY FOR YOUR SAFETY, AND IT IS MINE FIRST IN THE MORNING AND THE LAST IN THE EVENING. I MUST NOW BRING MY LETTER TO A CLOSE. MR. BENSON'S ADDRESS IS NO 39, SOUTH STREET; AND THE SOONER YOU CAN GIVE HIM ANSWER THE BETTER IT WILL BE FOR US. HE WILL SPEND ONE MONTH IN WASHINGTON TO SUSTAIN YOU, AND HE WILL DO IT NO MISTAKE. BUT EVERYTHING MUST BE KEPT SILENT AS DEATH ON OUR PART, NAMES OF PARTIES IN PARTICULAR. I NOW COMMIT THIS SHEET TO THE POST, PRAYING THAT ISRAEL'S GOD ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p024.jpg) MAY PREVENT IT FROM FALLING INTO THE HANDS OF WICKED MEN. YOU WILL HEAR FROM ME AGAIN ON THE DAY OF SAILING, IF IT IS THE LORD'S WILL, AMEN. YOURS TRULY, A FRIEND AND BROTHER IN GOD'S KINGDOM, S. BRANNAN. THE CONTRACT IN QUESTION WAS SIGNED BY SAMUEL BRANNAN AND A. G. BENSON, AND WITNESSED BY W. I. APPLEBY. TO IT IS THIS POSTSCRIPT: "THIS IS ONLY A COPY OF THE ORIGINAL WHICH I HAVE FILLED OUT. IT IS NO GAMMON, BUT WILL BE CARRIED THROUGH, IF YOU SAY, AMEN. IT WAS DRAWN UP BY KENDALL'S OWN HAND; BUT NO PERSON MUST BE KNOWN BUT MR. BENSON." THE FOLLOWING SIMPLE MINUTE, IN BRIGHAM YOUNG'S PRIVATE JOURNAL, WILL BE A FINE SETT-OFF TO THESE DOCUMENTS AND WILL SPEAK VOLUMES: "SAMUEL BRANNAN URGED UPON THE COUNCIL THE SIGNING OF THE DOCU- MENT. THE COUNCIL CONSIDERED THE SUBJECT, AND CONCLUDED, THET AS OUR TRUST WAS IN GOD AND THAT, AS WE LOOK TO HIM FOR PROTECTION, WE WOULD NOT SIGN ANY SUCH UNJUST AND OPPRESSIVE AGREEMENT. THIS WAS A PLAN OF POLITICAL DEMAGOGUES TO ROB THE LATTER-DAY SAINTS OF MILLIONS, AND COMPEL THEM TO SUBMIT TO IT BY THREATS OF FEDERAL BAYONETS." NO MATTER WHAT VIEWS THE READER MIGHT TAKE OF THE MORMONS AND THEIR LEADERS, RELATIVE TO THE INTRINSIC VALUE TO THE WORLD OF THEIR SOCIAL AND THEOLOGICAL PROBLEMS, NO INTELLIGENT MIND CAN HELP BEING STRUCK WITH THE TOWERING SUPERIORITY OF MEN TRUSTING IN THEIR GOD, IN THE SUPREMEST HOUR OF TRIAL, COMPARED WITH THE FOREMOST POLITICIANS IN THE COUNTRY, INCLUDING A PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED-STATES, AS ILLUSTRATED IN THE ABOVE EXAMPLE. IT IS CHARITABLY TO BE HOPED, HOWEVER, THAT PRESIDENT POLK WAS A VERY "SILENT PARTY" TO THE SCHEME, AND THAT ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p025.jpg) HIS NAME WAS MERELY USED TO GIVE POTENCY, AT ONCE TO THE PROMISE OF PROTECTION, AND TO A THREAT THAT THE GENERAL GOVERNMENT WOULD INTER- CEPT THE MORMONS IN THEIR EXODUS. LITTLE DID THE POLITICAL DEMAGOGUES OF THE TIME, AND THESE LAND SPECULATORS, UNDERSTAND THE MORMON PEOPLE, AND STILL LESS THE CHARACTER OF THE MEN WHO WERE LEADING THEM; NOR DID "ELDER BRANNAN" KNOW THEM MUCH BETTER. FROM THE BEGINNING, THE MORMONS NEVER GAVE UP AN INCH OF THEIR CHOSEN GROUND, --NEVER AS A PEOPLE CONSENTED TO COMPROMISE, NOR ALLOWED THEMSELVES TO BE TURNED ASIDE FROM THEIR PURPOSES, OR WAVERED IN THEIR FIDELITY TO THEIR FAITH. THEY WOULD SUFFER EXTERMINATION, OR MAKE AN EXODUS AS NOW, YET EVER, AS NOW, HAVE THEY ANSWERED, "OUR TRUST IS IN GOD. WE LOOK TO HIM FOR PROTECTION." SO FAR "ELDER BRANNAN" UNDERSTOOD THEM: HENCE HIS PROFESSION OF FAITH THAT THE LORD WOULD OVER-RULE AND BREAK THE "COVENANT WITH DEATH." BUT THESE MEN DID WISER AND BETTER. THEY NEVER MADE THE COVENANT, BUT CALMLY DEFIED THE CONSEQUENCES, WHICH THEY KNEW TOO WELL MIGHT SOON FOLLOW. NOT EVEN AS MUCH AS TO REPLY TO MESS'RS BENSON, KENDALL AND CO., DID THEY DESCEND FROM THE PINNACLE OF THEIR INTEGRITY. BUT BBE IT NOT FOR A MOMENT THOUGHT THAT THE MORMON LEADERS DID NOT FULLY COMPREHEND THEIR CRITICAL POSITION IN ALL ITS ASPECTS. A HOMELY ANNECDOTE OF THE APOSTLE GEORGE A. SMITH WILL ILLUSTRATE THOSE TIMES. AT A COUNCIL IN NAUVOO, OF THE MEN WHO WERE TO ACT AS THE CAPTAINS OF THE PEOPLE IN THAT FAMOUS EXODUS, ONE AFTER THE OTHER BROUGHT UP SO MANY DIFFICULTIES IN THEIR PATH UNTIL THEIR PROSPECT WAS WITHOUT ONE POOR SPECK OF DAYLIGHT. THE GOOD NATURE OF "GEORGE A." WAS PROVOKED AT LAST, WHEN HE SPRANG UP AND OBSERVED WITH HIS QUAINT HUMOR THAT HAD NOW A TOUCH OF THE GRAND IN IT, "IF THERE IS NO GOD IN ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p026.jpg) ISRAEL WE ARE A SUCKED IN SET OF FELLOWS. BUT I AM GOING TO TAKE MY FAMILY AND CROSS THE RIVER, AND THE LORD WILL OPEN THE WAY." HE WAS ONE OF THE FIRST TO SET OUT ON THAT MIRACULOUS JOURNEY TO THE ROCKY- MOUNTAINS. HAVING RESOLVED TO TRUST IN THEIR GOD AND THEMSELVES, QUIETLY SET- TING ASIDE THE POLITICIANS, BRIGHAM AND SEVERAL OF THE TWELVE LEFT THE "CAMP OF ISRAEL" FOR A FEW DAYS AND RETURNED TO BID FAREWELL TO THEIR BELOVED NAUVOO. THE DEEP BUT SUBDUED PATHOS OF THAT PARTING, I WILL LEAVE TO THE IMAGINATION OF THE READER, TO HASTEN THEIR DEPARTURE FROM SUGAR CREEK, WHERE THE LEADER ARRIVED FOR THE SECOND TIME AFTER THE SUNDAY'S SERVICE IN THE TEMPLE. IT WAS THE LAST TIME EVER BRIGHAM YOUNG SAW THAT SACRED MONUMENT OF THE MORMONS DEVOTION. THE PIONEERS HAD NOW BEEN A MONTH ON SUGAR CREEK; AND, DURING THE TIME HAD OF COURSE CONSUMED A VAST AMOUNT OF THEIR PROVISIONS, IN- DEED NEARLY ALL, WHICH HAD BEEN GATHERED UP IN LEE COUNTY FOR THEIR JOURNEY. THEIR CONDITION, HOWEVER, WAS NOT WITHOUT ITS COMPENSATION; FOR IT CHECKED THE MOVEMENTS OF THE MOB, AMONG WHOM THE OPINION PRE- VAILED THAT THE OUTFIT OF THE PIONEERS WAS UTTERLY INSUFFICIENT THAT, IN A SHORT TIME, THEY WOULD BREAK IN PIECES AND SCATTER. MOREOVER, IT WAS MID-WINTER; AND, EVEN UP TO THE DATE OF THEIR STARTING FROM THEIR FIRST CAMPING GROUND, DETACHMENTS TO JOIN THEM CROSSED THE MISSISSIPPI FROM NAUVOO ON THE ICE, THE RIVER BEING ABOUT A MILE AND A QUARTER IN WIDTH AT THAT POINT. BUT BEFORE STARTING THEY ADDRESSED THE FOLLOWING MEMORIAL: ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p027.jpg) TO HIS EXCELLENCY GOVERNOR OF THE TERRITORY OF IOWA. HONORED SIR:--THE TIME IS AT HAND IN WHICH SEVERAL THOUSAND FREE CITIZENS OF THIS GREAT REPUBLIC ARE TO BE DRIVEN FROM THEIR PEACEFUL HOMES AND FIRESIDES, THEIR PROPERTY AND FARMS AND THEIR DEAREST CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS, TO WANDER IN THE BARREN PLAINS AND STERILE MOUNTAINS OF WESTERN WILDS, AND LINGER OUT THEIR LIVES IN WRETCHED EXILE, FAR BEYOND THE PALE OF PROFESSED CIVILIZATION, OR ELSE BE EXTERMINATED UPON THEIR OWN LANDS BY THE PEOPLE AND AUTHORITIES OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. AS LIFE IS SWEET, WE HAVE CHOSEN BANISHMENT RATHER THAN DEATH, BUT, SIR, THE TERMS OF OUR BANISHMENT ARE SO RIGID, THAT WE HAVE NOT SUFFI- CIENT TIME ALLOTTED US TO MAKE THE NECESSARY PREPARATIONS, TO ENCOUNTER THE HARDSHIPS AND DIFFICULTIES OF THESE DREARY AND UNINHABITED REGIONS. WE HAVE NOT TIME ALLOWED US TO DISPOSE OF OUR PROPERTY, DWELLINGS AND FARMS, CONSEQUENTLY MANY OF US WILL HAVE TO LEAVE THEM UNSOLD, WITHOUT THE MEANS OF PROCURING THE NECESSARY PROVISIONS, CLOTHING, TEAMS, &C., TO SUSTAIN US BUT A SHORT DISTANCE BEYOND THE SETTLEMENTS: HENCE OUR PERSECUTORS HAVE PLACED US IN VERY UNPLEASANT CIRCUMSTANCES. TO STAY IS DEATH BY "FIRE AND SWORD."--TO GO INTO BANISHMENT UNPREPARED IS DEATH BY STARVATION. BUT YET, UNDER THESE HEART-RENDING CIRCUMSTANCES, SEVERAL HUNDRED OF US HAVE STARTED UPON OUR DREARY JOUR- NEY, AND ARE NOW ENCAMPED IN LEE COUNTY, IOWA, SUFFERING MUCH FROM THE INTENSITY OF THE COLD. SOME OF US ARE ALREADY WITHOUT FOOD, AND OTHERS BARELY SUFFICIENT TO LAST A FEW WEEKS: HUNDREDS OF OTHERS MUST SHORTLY FOLLOW US IN THE SAME UNHAPPY CONDITION: THEREFORE, WE THE PRESIDING AUTHORITIES OF THE CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER-DAY SAINTS, AS A COMMITTEE IN BEHALF OF SEVERAL THOUSAND SUFFER- ING ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p028.jpg) EXILES, HUMBLY ASK YOUR EXCELLENCY TO SHIELD AND PROTECT US IN OUR CONSTITUTIONAL RITHTS, WHILE WE ARE PASSING THROUGH THE TERRITORY OVER WHICH YOU HAVE JURISDICTION. AND, SHOULD ANY OF THE EXILES BE UNDER THE NECESSITY OF STOPPING IN THIS TERRITORY FOR A TIME, EITHER IN SET- TLED OR UNSETTLED PARTS, FOR THE PURPOSE OF RAISING CROPS BY RENTING FARMS OR UPON PUBLIC LANDS, OR TO MAKE THE NECESSARY PREPARATIONS FOR THEIR EXILE IN ANY LAWFUL WAY, WE HUMBLY PETITION YOUR EXCELLENCY TO USE AN INFLUENCE AND POWER IN OUR BEHALF, AND THUS PRESERVE THOUSANDS OF AMERICAN CITIZENS, TOGETHER WITH THEIR WIVES AND CHILDREN FROM INTENSE SUFFERINGS, STARVATION AND DEATH: AND YOUR PETITIONERS WILL EVER PRAY. IN THE DIARY OF THE PRESIDENT IS A SORT OF VALEDICTORY, WRITTEN BEFORE STARTING FROM SUGAR CREEK ON THEIR JOURNEY WHICH CONCLUDES THUS: "OUR HOMES, GARDENS, ORCHARDS, FARMS, STREETS, BRIDGES, MILLS, PUBLIC HALLS, MAGNIFICENT TEMPLE AND OTHER PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS, WE LEAVE AS A MONUMENT OF OUR PATRIOTISM, INDUSTRY, ECONOMY, UPRIGHT- EOUSNESS OF PURPOSE AND INTEGRITY OF HEART, AND AS A LIVING TESTIMONY OF THE FALSEHOOD AND WICKEDNESS OF THOSE WHO CHARGE US WITH DISLOYALTY TO THE CONSTITUTION OF OUR COUNTRY , IDLENESS AND DISHONESTY." ----------- ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p029.jpg) C H A P T E R I V . -----0----- THE MORMONS ON THE MARCH. THEIR ORGANIC CONDITION. THEY MOVE AS A NATION, A PROPHET AND LIEUT. GENERAL. MORMON LIFE ON THE JOURNEY. THEY PRAISE THE LORD IN THE SONG AND IN THE DANCE, AND ASTONISH THE RE- GIONS AROUND. THEY BUILD TEMPORAL CITIES ON THE WAY. A SENSATION FROM THE U. S. GOVERNMENT. --------- AT HOME OR ABROAD, IN THEIR VERY DISPERSIONS AS MUCH AS IN THEIR GATHERINGS, THE MORMONS HAVE BEEN ORGANIC BEYOND ANY PEOPLE KNOWN TO HIS- TORY. ORGANISM, INDEED, IS THE ESSENTIAL MANIFESTATION OF THEIR GENIUS: SO NOW, EVEN IN THEIR EXODUS, THEY WERE STILL STRICTLY A COMMUNITY. THEIR PROVERB IS, "WHERE THE PRESIDENCY AND TWELVE ARE, THERE IS THE CHURCH." THEY WERE JOURNEYING TO THE MOUNTAINS AS A LITTLE NATION. AT THEIR HEAD WAS NOT ONLY A PROPHET, BUT A LIEUTENANT-GENERAL. THAT RANK HAD ORIGINALLY BEEN CONFERRED ON JOSEPH SMITH, BY THE LEGISLATURE OF ILLINOIS, WHEN IT GRANTED THE CHARTER TO THE CITY OF NAUVOO AND TO THE NAUVOO LEGION. AFTER THE MARTYDOM, BRIGHAM YOUNG SUCCEEDED TO HIS RANK OF LIEUTENANT-GENERAL. HERE IS THE EXTRAORDINARY COMMISSION: ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p030.jpg) T H O M A S F O R D, GOVERNOR OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. TO ALL WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME GREETING: KNOW YE THAT BRIGHAM YOUNG, HAVING BEEN DULY ELECTED TO THE OFFICE OF LIEUTENANT-GENERAL OF THE NAUVOO LEGION OF THE MILITIA OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, I, THOMAS FORD, GOVERNOR OF SAID STATE, FOR, AND IN BEHALF OF THE PEOPLE OF SAID STATE, DO COMMISSION HIM LIEUTENANT-GENERAL OF THE NAUVOO LEGION, TO TAKE RANK FROM THE THIRTY-FIRST DAY OF AUGUST, 1844. HE IS, THEREFORE, CAREFULLY AND DILLIGENTLY TO DISCHARGE THE DUTIES OF SAID OFFICE, BY DOING AND PERFORMING ALL MANNER OF THINGS THEREUNTO BE- LONGING; AND I DO STRICTLY REQUIRE ALL OFFICERS UNDER HIS COMMAND TO BE OBEDIENT TO HIS ORDERS; AND HE IS TO OBEY SUCH ORDERS AND DIRECTIONS AS HE SHALL RECEIVE FROM TIME TO TIME, FROM THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OR HIS SUPERIOR OFFICER. IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, I HAVE HEREUNTO SET MY HAND AND CAUSED THE GREAT SEAL OF STATE TO BE AFFIXED. DONE AT SPRINGFIELD, THIS 24TH, DAY OF SEPTEMBER, IN THE YEAR OF OUR LORD, ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED AND FORTY-FOUR, AND OF THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE UNITED STATES THE SIXTY-NINTH. BY THE GOVERNOR, THOMAS FORD, THOMAS CAMBELL, SECRETARY OF STATE. IT IS A SINGULAR FACT THAT, AFTER WASHINGTON, JOSEPH SMITH WAS THE FIRST MAN IN AMERICA WHO HELD THE RANK OF LIEUTENANT-GENERAL, AND THAT BRIGHAM YOUNG WAS THE NEXT. GOING TO THE OFFICE OF THE LATTER, ON THE AFTERNOON OF MY WRITING, TO COPY THE ORIGINAL OF THE FOREGOING COMMIS- SION FOR THIS CHAPTER, I OBSERVED TO HIM, THAT UNTIL THE OTHER DAY I DID NOT KNOW THAT HE HAD HELD THE RANK OF LIEUTENANT-GENERAL. HE REPLI- ED: ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p031.jpg) "I WAS NEVER MUCH OF A MILITARY MAN. THE COMMISSION HAS SINCE BEEN ABROGATED BY THE STATE OF ILLINOIS; BUT IF JOSEPH HAD LIVED WHEN THE WAR BROKE OUT, HE WOULD HAVE BEEN COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE UNITED STATES ARMIES." AS I WENT ON COPYING THE COMMISSION, I FANCIED WHAT MIGHT HAVE BEEN WITH JOSEPH AT THE HEAD OF THE ARMIES OF OUR REPUBLIC, AND AFTERWARDS ITS PRESIDENT. WITH THIS CAME THE THOUGHT OF BRIGHAM YOUNG AS PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, AND THEN THE OPINION OF MANY, THAT TO-DAY HIS HANDS WOULD BE TOO OLD AND FEEBLE TO HOLD THE DESTINIES OF THIS GREAT NATION IN ITS SUPREME HOUR OF COMING NEED. AT THIS MOMENT THOSE HANDS, AS THOUGH THEY WERE SENSIBLE OF MY THOUGHTS, BEAT A VIGOROUS TATOO ON THE ELBOWS OF HIS CHAIR. FANCY READ THEIR LANGUAGE, "TRY THEM! THRY THEM!" IT WAS THAT MARVELLOUS WILL AND ALMOST SUPERHUMAN ENERGY OF THE MAN THAT, IN 1846, INSPIRED THE MORMONS IN THEIR EXODUS FROM CIVILIZATION. THE ORGANIC CHARACTER OF BRIGHAM YOUNG, WHICH, IN MOVING A PEOPLE AND BUILDING UP A NEW SOCIETY, HAS SHOWN ITSELF TO BE QUITE THE EQUAL OF THE GREAT NAPOLEON IN ORGANIZING ARMIES, AND DECIDEDLY MORE PRESERVATIVE, WAS MANIFESTING ITSELF IN THE VERY BEST METHODS. IT WAS EVIDENT TO THE LOOKERS-ON, THAT THE MAN WAS ATTEMPTING TO SHOW TO MODERN TIMES THE WON- DERFUL SPECTACLE OF AN EMIGRATING NATION. AT ABOUT NOON, ON THE 1ST. OF MARCH, 1846, THE "CAMP OF ISRAEL" BEGAN TO MOVE, AND AT FOUR O'CLOCK NEARLY FIVE HUNDRED WAGONS WERE ON THE WAY, TRAVELLING IN A NORTHWESTERLY DIRECTION. AT NIGHT, THEY CAMPED AGAIN ON SUGAR CREEK, HAVING ADVANCED FIVE MILES. SCRAPING AWAY THE SNOW, THEY PITCHED THEIR TENTS UPON THE HARD FROZEN GROUND; AND, AFTER BUILDING LARGE FIRES IN FRONT, THEY MADE THEMSELVES AS COMFORTABLE AS POSSIBLE UNDER THE CIRCUMSTANCES. INDEED, IT IS QUESTIONABLE WHETHER ANY OTHER PEOPLE IN THE WORLD COULD HAVE COZENED THEMSELVES INTO A HAPPY ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p032.jpg) STATE OF MIND IN SUCH SURROUNDINGS, WITH SUCH A PAST FRESH AND BLEEDING IN THEIR MEMORIES,--- WITH SUCH A PROSPECT AS WAS BEFORE BOTH THEMSELVES AND THE REMNANT OF THEIR BRETHREN AND THEIR FAMILIES LEFT IN NAUVOO TO THE TENDER MERCIES OF THE MOB. IN HIS DIARY APOSTLE ORSON PRATT WROTE THAT NIGHT: "NOTWITHSTANDING OUR SUFFERING, HARDSHIPS AND PRIVATIONS, WE ARE CHEERFUL, AND REJOICE THAT WE HAVE THE PRIVILEGE OF PASSING THROUGH TRIBULATION FOR THE TRUTH'S SAKE." THESE MORMON PILGRIMS, WHO TOOK SUCH CONSOLATION ON THEIR JOURNEY IN LIKENING THEMSELVES TO THE PILGRIM FATHERS AND MOTHERS OF THIS NATION, WHOSE DESCENDANTS MANY OF THEM ACTUALLY WERE, THAT NIGHT MADE THEIR BEDS UPON THE FROZEN EARTH. "AFTER BOWING BEFORE OUR GREAT CREATOR," WROTE APOSTLE PRATT, "AND OFFERING UP PRAISE AND THANKSGIVING TO HIM, AND IMPLORING HIS PROTECTION, WE RESIGNED OURSELVES TO THE SLUMBERS OF THE NIGHT." BUT THE WEATHER WAS MORE MODERATE THAT NIGHT THAN IT HAD BEEN FOR SEVERAL WEEKS PAST. AT THEIR FIRST ENCAMPMENT, THE THERMOMETER AT ONE TIME FELL 20 DEG. BELOW ZERO; FREEZING OVER THE GREAT MISSISSIPPI. THE BRETHREN WILL TELL YOU THEY NEVER SUFFERED SO MUCH FROM THE COLD IN THEIR LIVES AS THEY DID ON SUGAR CREEK. AND WHAT OF THE MORMON WOMEN? AROUND THEM CIRCLES ALMOST A TRAGIC ROMANCE. FANCY MAY FIND ABUNDANT SUBJECT FOR GRAPHIC STORY IN THE DEVOTION, THE SUFFERING,--- THE MATCH- LESS HEROISM OF THE SISTERS; IN THE HOMELY BUT TELLING INCIDENT, THAT NINE CHILDREN WERE BORN TO THEM THE FIRST NIGHT THEY CAMPED OUT ON SUGAR CREEK, FEB. 5TH, 1846. THAT DAY, THEY WEPT THEIR FAREWELLS OVER THEIR BELOVED CITY, OR IN THE SANCTUARY OF THE TEMPLE, IN WHICH THEY HAD HOPED TO WORSHIP TILL THE END OF LIFE, BUT WHICH THEY LEFT NEVER TO SEE AGAIN;-- THAT NIGHT SUFFERING NATURE ADMINISTERED TO THEM THE MIXED CUP OF WOMAN'S SUPREMEST JOY AND PAIN. BUT IT WAS NOT PRAYER ALONE THAT SUSTAINED THESE PILGRIMS. THE ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p033.jpg) PRACTICAL PHILOSOPHY OF THEIR GREAT LEADER, DAILY AND HOURLY APPLIED TO THE EXI[-]ENCIES OF THEIR CASE, DID ALMOST AS MUCH AS THEIR OWN MATCHLESS FAITH, TO SUSTAIN THEM FROM THE COMMENCEMENT TO THE END OF THEIR JOURNEY. WITH THAT LEADER HAD VERY PROPERLY COME TO THE "CAMP OF ISRAEL" SEVER- AL OF THE TWELVE, AND THE CHIEF BISHOP OF THE CHURCH, BUT HE ALSO BROUGHT WITH HIM, A QUORUM, HUMBLE IN PRETENSIONS, YET USEFUL AS HIGH PRIESTS TO THE SAINTS IN THOSE SPIRIT-SADDENING DAYS. IT WAS CAPTAIN PITT'S BRASS BAND. THAT NIGHT THE PRESIDENT HAD THE BRETHREN AND SISTERS OUT IN THE DANCE, AND THE MUSIC WAS AS GLAD AS AT A MERRY-MAKING. SEVERAL GENTLEMEN FROM IOWA GATHERED TO WITNESS THE STRANGE, INTERESTING SCENE. THEY COULD SCARCELY BELIEVE THEIR OWN SENSES, WHEN, THEY WERE TOLD THAT THESE WERE THE MORMONS IN THEIR "FLIGHT FROM CIVILIZATION," BOUND THEY KNEW NOT WHITHER, EXCEPT WHERE GOD SHOULD LEAD THEM BY THE "HAND OF HIS SERVANT." THUS IN THE SONG AND THE DANCE THE SAINTS PRAISED THE LORD. WHEN THE NIGHT WAS FINE, AND SUPPER,--- WHICH CONSISTED OF THE MOST PRIMITIVE FARE, WAS OVER, THE BRETHREN WOULD CLEAR AWAY THE SNOW, WHILE OTHERS WITH LARGE LOGS RETURNED CHEERFULLY TO CAMP, ANTICIPATING THE JUBILEE OF THE EVENING. SOON, IN A SHELTERED PLACE, THE BLAZING FIRES WOULD ROAR, AND FIFTY COUPLES, OLD AND YOUNG, JOIN IN THE MERRIEST SPIRIT TO THE MUSIC OF THE BAND,--- OR SOME OF THE RIVAL REVELRY OF THE SOLITARY FIDDLE. THE WELKIN RANG WITH THEIR JOYOUS SHOUTS; THE SICK AND DYING IN THEIR TENTS, HEARING THE STRAINS, THANKED THE GOD OF ISRAEL FOR THEIR DELIVER- ANCE. AS THEY JOURNEYED ALONG, TOO, STRANGERS CONSTANTLY VISITED THEIR CAMPS, AND GREAT WAS THEIR WONDERMENT TO SEE THE ORDER, UNITY AND GOOD FEELING THAT PREVAILED IN THE MIDST OF THE PEOPLE. BY THE CAMP FIRES THEY WOULD LINGER, LISTENING TO THE MUSIC AND SONG; FAIN HAD TAKEN PART IN THE MERRIMENT, HAD NOT THOSE VERY SCENES BEEN AS SACRED WORSHIP IN THE EXODUS OF A GOD-FEARING PEOPLE. MY READERS WILL NOT BE ABLE TO ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p034.jpg) UNDERSTAND THE SPIRIT OF THOSE TIMES, UNLESS THEY COUPLE WITH AN EXODUS THE IDEA OF AN ISREALITISH JUBILEE, FOR IT WAS A JUBILEE TO THE MORMONS TO BE DELIVERED FROM THEIR ENEMIES AT ANY PRICE. THE SAGACIOUS READER WILL READILY APPRECIATE THE WISE METHODS PUR- SUED BY BRIGHAM YOUNG. PRAYERS AVAILED MUCH. THE HYMN AND THE PRAYER WERE NEVER FORGOTTEN AT THE CLOSE OF THE DANCE, BEFORE THEY DIDPERSED TO MAKE THEIR BED WITHIN THE SHELTER OF THE WAGON, OR UNDER IT, EXPOSED TO MUCH OF THE COLD OF THOSE BITTER NIGHTS, FOR SCARCELY ANDY COULD BOAST A TENT. BUT THE DANCE AND THE SONG KEPT THE MORMON PILGRIMS CHEERFUL AND HEALTHY IN MIND, WHEREAS, HAD A SPIRIT OF GLOOMY FANATICISM BEEN ENCOURAGED, SUCH AS ONE MIGHT HAVE EXPECTED, MOST LIKELY THERE WOULD SOON HAVE BEEN MURMURING IN THE CONGREGATION AGAINST THEIR MOSES, AND THE PEO- PLE BEEN SIGHING FOR THE FLESH-POTS OF EGYPT. THE PATRIARCHAL CARE OF BRIGHAM YOUNG OVER THE EMIGRATING THOUSANDS WAS ALSO SOMETHING UNCOMMON. IT WAS EXTENDED TO EVERY FAMILY, EVERY SOUL; EVEN THE VERY ANIMALS HAD THE MASTER FRIEND NEAR , TO EASE AND SUCCOR THEM. A THOUSAND ANECDOTES COULD BE TOLD OF THAT JOURNEY TO ILLUSTRATE THIS. WHEN TRAVELLING OR IN CAMP, HE WAS EVER AROUND LOOKING AFTER THE WELFARE OF ALL; NO POOR HORSE OR OXEN EVEN HAD A TIGHT COLLAR OR A BOLT TOO SMALL, BUT HIS EYE WOULD SEE IT. MANY TIMES HAS HE GOT OUT OF HIS CARRIAGE AND SEEN THAT THE SUFFER- ING ANIMAL WAS RELIEVED. THERE CAN BE NO DOUBT THAT THE INDUSTRIOUS HABITS OF THE MORMONS, AND THE SEMI-COMMUNISTIC CHARACTER OF THEIR CAMPS, ENABLED THEM TO AC- COMPLISH ON THEIR JOURNEY WHAT OTHERWISE WOULD HAVE BEEN IMPOSSIBLE. THEY WERE ALMOST DESTITUTE AT THE START, BUT THEY CREATED RESOURSES ON THE WAY. THEIR PIONEERS AND ABLE-BODIED MEN GENERALLY TOOK WORK ON FARMS, SPLIT RAILS, CLEARED THE TIMBER FOR THE NEW SETTLERS, FENCED THEIR LANDS, BUILT BARNS AND HUSKED THEIR CORN. EACH NIGHT BROUGHT THEM SOME EMPLOYMENT; AND, IF THEY LAID OVER FOR A DAY OR TWO AT THEIR ENCAMPMENTS, ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p035.jpg) THE COUNTRY AROUND WAS BUSY WITH THEIR INDUSTRY. THEY ALSO SCATTERED FOR WORK, SOME OF THE BRETHREN GOING EVEN INTO MISSOURI AMONG THEIR ANCIENT ENEMIES TO TURN TO THE SMITER THE "OTHER CHEEK," WHILE THEY WERE EARNING SUPPORT FOR THEIR FAMILIES. AT ONE OF THEIR FIRST CAMPING GROUNDS, ON A TEN ACRE LOT WHICH THE PIONEER HAD CLEARED OF TIMBER, THEY MADE THE ACQUAINTANCE OF ITS OWNER A DR. JEWETT. THE WORTHY DOCTER WAS AN ENTHUSIAST OVER MESMERISM AND ANIMAL MAGNETISM, SO HE SOUGHT TO CONVERT THE MORMON LEADERS TO HIS VIEWS. BRIGHAM REPLIED, "I PERFECTLY UNDERSTAND IT, DOCTER. WE BELIEVE IN THE LORD'S MAGNETIZING. HE MAGNETIZED BELTESHAZZAR SO THAT HE SAW THE HAND- WRITING ON THE WALL." THE MORMONS, TOO, HAD SEEN THE HAND-WRITING ON THE WALL, AND WERE HASTENING TO THE MOUNTAINS. THE CITIZENS OF FARMINGTON CAME OVER TO INVITE THE "NAUVOO BAND," UNDER CAPTAIN PITT, TO COME TO THEIR VILLAGE FOR A CONCERT. THERE WAS SOME MUSIC LEFT IN THE BRETHREN. THEY HAD NOT FORGOTTEN HOW TO SING THE "'SONGS OF ZION," SO THEY MADE THE GOOD FOLKS OF FARMINGTON MERRY WITH THEIR STRAINS, AND FOR A TIME FORGOT THEIR OWN SORROWS. AS SOON AS THE CAMP OF ISRAEL WAS FAIRLY ON THE MARCH, THE LEADER WITH THE TWELVE AND THE CAPTAINS, DIVIDED IT INTO COMPANIES OF "HUN- DREDS," "FIFTIES" AND "TENS[-]" AND THEN THE COMPANIES TOOK UP THEIR LINE IN ORDER, BRIGHAM DIRECTING THE WHOLE AND BRINGING UP THE MAIN BODY WITH THE CHIEF CARE OF THE FAMILIES. THE WEATHER WAS STILL INTENSELY COLD. THE PIONEERS MOVED IN THE FACE OF KEEN-EDGED NORTH-WEST WINDS, THEY BROKE THE ICE TO GIVE THEIR CATTLE DRINK, THEY MADE THEIR BEDS ON THE SOAKED PRAIRIE LANDS; HEAVY RAINS AND SNOW BY DAY, AND FROST BY NIGHT, RENDERED THEIR SITUATION ANY- THING BUT PLEASANT. THE BARK AND LIMBS OF TREES WERE THE PRINCIPAL FOOD OF THEIR ANIMALS, AND AFTER DOUBLING THEIR TEAMS ALL DAY WADING THROUGH THE DEEP MUD, THE COMPANIES WOULD FIND THEMSELVES AT NIGHT, ONLY A FEW ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p036.jpg) MILES ON THEIR JOURNEY. THEY GREW SICK OF THIS AT LAST, AND, FOR THREE WEEKS, RESTED ON THE HEAD-WATERS OF THE CHARITON, WAITING FOR THE FRESH- [-]TS TO SUBSIDE. THESE INCIDENTS OF TRAVEL WERE VARIED BY AN OCCASIONAL BIRTH IN CAMP. THERE WAS ALSO THE DEATH OF A LAMENTED LADY EARLY ON THE JOURNEY. SHE WAS A GENTLE, INTELLIGENT WIFE OF A FAMOUS MORMON MISSIONARY, ORSON SPEN- CER, ONCE A BAPTIST MINISTER OF EXCELLENT STANDING. SHE HAD REQUESTED THE BRETHREN TO TAKE HER WITH THEM. SHE WOULD NOT BE LEFT BEHIND. LIFE WAS TOO FAR EXHAUSTED BY THE PERSECUTIONS TO SURVIVE THE EXODUS, BUT SHE COULD YET HAVE THE HONOR OF DYING IN THAT IMMORTAL CIRCUMSTANCE OF HER PEOPLE. SEVERAL OTHERS OF THE SISTERS ALSO DIED AT THE VERY STARTING. OH! THE LOFTY HEROISM OF THE MORMON WOMEN! I SHALL HAVE TO CHANGE THE PEN OF THE HISTORIAN, AND DIP INTO THE DEEP ROMANCE OF MORMON LIVES, ERE I CAN ATTEMPT TO DESCRIBE WITH A GRAPHIC ELOQUENCE THE SCENES THROUGH WHICH THE SISTERS HAVE PASSED. AMID ALL THIS, THE REMNANT OF THE SAINTS LEFT AT NAUVOO, WERE NOT FORGOTTEN. THE PRESIDENTS VIEWS OF THEIR CONDITION, AND THE THANKSGIVING OF THE PIONEERS OVER THE DELIVERANCE FROM THEIR EGYPT, HE TOLD TO HIS BROTHER JOSEPH IN A LETTER, DATED, "RICHARDSON'S POINT, CAMP OF ISRAEL, FIFTY-FIVE MILES FROM NAUVOO, MARCH 9TH, " HE WROTE: "I FEEL AS THOUGH NAUVOO WILL BE FILLED WITH ALL MANNER OF ABOMI- NATIONS. IT IS NO PLACE FOR THE SAINTS, AND THE SPIRIT WHISPERS TO ME THAT THE BRETHREN HAD BETTER GET AWAY AS FAST AS THEY CAN. WE PRAY FOR YOU CONTINUALLY. I HOPE THE BRETHREN WILL NOT HAVE TROUBLE THERE, BUT THE DARK CLOUDS OF SORROW ARE GATHERING FAST OVER THAT PLACE. "IT IS A MATTER OF DOUBT ABOUT ANY OF THE TWELVE RETURNING TO NAUVOO VERY SOON. IT IS NOT THE PLACE FOR ME ANY MORE, TILL THIS NATION IS SCOURGED BY THE HAND OF THE ALMIGHTY WHO RULES IN THE HEAVENS. THIS NA- TION SHALL FEEL THE HEAVY HAND OF JUDGMENT. THEY HAVE SHED THE BLOOD OF ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p037.jpg) PROPHETS AND SAINTS, AND HAVE BEEN THE MEANS OF THE DEATH OF MANY. DO NOT THINK, BROTHER JOSEPH, THAT I HATE TO LEAVE MY HOUSE AND HOME. NO, FAR FROM THAT, I AM SO FREE FROM BONDAGE AT THIS TIME, THAT NAUVOO LOOKS LIKE A PRISON TO ME. IT LOOKS PLEASANT AHEAD, BUT DARK TO LOOK BACK." A RUMOR HAD REACHED NAUVOO THAT THERE WAS DIVISION IN THE "CAMP OF ISRAEL," AND THAT BRIGHAM HAD BEEN SHOT AT. TO THIS HE REPLIED IN HIS LETTER: "THIS IS ALL FALSE. WE HAVE THE MOST PERFECT PEACE THAT EVER A CAMP HAD. THERE IS NOT A WORD OF CONTENTION THROUGH THE WHOLE CAMP. THE LORD IS WITH US, AND PRAISED BE HIS NAME, ALL IS WELL. GLORY! HAL- LELUJAH! AND I THINK, I SHALL FEEL MORE SO WHEN WE GET A FEW MILES FARTH- ER WEST." IT WAS NEAR THE CHARITON THAT THE ORGANIZATION OF THE "CAMP OF ISRAEL" WAS PERFECTED, ON THE 27TH, OF MARCH, WHEN BRIGHAM WAS FOR- MALLY CHOSEN AS THE PRESIDENT AND CAPTAIN OF HUNDREDS, FIFTIES AND TEN WERE APPOINTED. THUS THE TWELVE BECAME RELIEVED OF THEIR MERE SECULAR COMMANDS AND WERE PLACED AT THE HEADS OF DIVISIONS IN THEIR APOSTOLIC CHARACTER AS PRESIDENTS. THE PROVISIONING OF THE CAMP WAS ALSO EQUALLY BROUGHT UNDER ORGANIC MANAGEMENT. HENRY G. SHERWOOD WAS APPOINTED CONTRACTING COMMISSARY FOR THE FIRST FIFTY; DAVID D. YEARSLEY THE SECOND; W. H. EDWARDS THE THIRD; PETER HAWS THE FOURTH; SAMUEL GULLEY THE FIFTH; JOSEPH WARTHAN THE SIXTH; HENRY G. SHERWOOD RANKED AS ACTING COMMISSARY-GENERAL. THERE WERE ALSO DISTRIBUTING COMMISSARIES APPOINTED. THEIR DUTIES, SAYS THE PRESIDENTS DIARY, "ARE TO MAKE A RIGHTEOUS DISTRIBUTION OF GRAIN, PROVISION AND SUCH ARTICLES AS SHALL BE FURNISHED FOR THE USE OF THE CAMP AMONG THEIR RESPECTIVE FIFTIES." THUS IT WILL BE SEEN THAT THE "CAMP OF ISRAEL" NOW PARTOOK VERY MUCH OF A MILITARY CHARACTER, WITH ALL OF AN ARMY'S ORGANIC EFFICIENCY. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p038.jpg) THE STRICTEST LAWS OF HONESTY, TOO, WERE ENJOINED ON THE CAMPS. A CASE OF TWO WILLS ILLUSTRATE THIS. AT CHARITON, A BOY SHOT AN OTTER ON THE BANKS OF THE RIVER, AND THEN DISCOVERED THAT IT WAS CAUGHT IN A TRAP. HE SKINNED IT AND BROUGHT IT TO CAMP. THE TRAPPER CAME AND COMPLAINED THAT HE HAD LOST SEVERAL OF HIS TRAPS. THE BOY WAS BROUGHT UP TO COUNCIL, AND THE NEXT MORNING HE WAS SENT OVER TO THE TRAPPER WITH THE SKIN AND THE TRAP, UNDER CHARGE OF COL. MARKHAM, WHO BORE A MESSAGE FROM THE COUN- CIL TO THE TRAPPER THAT IF ONE OF HIS TRAPS WAS FOUND IN THE CAMP, WITHIN A THOUSAND MILES OF THAT PLACE, IT SHOULD BE SENT BACK TO HIM WITH THE MAN WHO TOOK IT. MOREOVER, ON THE MORNING OF THEIR LEAVING THE CHARITON, THE CAMP WAS SEARCHED FOR THE TWO LOST TRAPS. THE LEADER OF THE MORMON ISRAELITES SEEMS TO HAVE HAD A GODLY REMEMBERANCE OF THE PLAGUES WHICH FELL UPON THE CAMPS OF ANCIENT ISRAEL FOR HARBORING STOLEN GOODS. ABOUT THIS TIME ALSO, SOME ATTEMPTED TO PASS COUNTERFEIT MONEY. ONE WAS THE CASE OF A YOUNG MAN BY THE NAME OF THOMAS WILLIAMS, WHO [-] BOUGHT FROM A MR. COCHRAN A YOKE OF OXEN, COW AND CHAIN, FOR FIFTY DOL- LARS. BISHOP MILLER WROTE TO BRIGHAM TO EXCUSE THE YOUNG MAN, BUT TO HELP COCHRAN TO RESTITUTION, THE PRESIDENT WAS AROUSED TO GREAT ANGER. THE BISHOP WAS SEVERELY REBUKED, THE PROPERTY ORDERED TO BE RESTORED, AND THE ANATHEMAS OF THE LEADER FROM THAT TIME WERE THUNDERED AGAINST THIEVES AND "BOGUS MEN," AND PASSES OF BOGUS MONEY. THE ANTI-MORMONS HAVE EVER DELIGHTED TO TELL STORIES OF THIS CLASS OF THE MORMONS AT NAUVOO, AND TO AFFIRM THAT IT WAS BECAUSE OF THEIR CRIMES THEY WERE DRIVEN FROM MISSOURI AND ILLINOIS. I AM CONVINCED THAT SUCH CHARACTERS WERE AMONG THEM, AND CAN WELL UNDERSTAND HOW A FEW EX- TERMINATIONS WOULD BREED THEM, BUT THE FACT IS JUST AS PATENT, THAT NO SOONER DID BRIGHAM GET THE MORMONS INTO THE "WILDERNESS" THAN HE SOUGHT TO "CLEAN OUT" THIS CLASS FROM THE "CONGREGATION OF ISRAEL' I TAKE UP THE THREAD OF CRIME THUS EARLY AND PARTICULARLY IN THE ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p039.jpg) LIFE OF BRIGHAM YOUNG, FOR, AS THE LORD LIVES, THE PUBLIC SHALL AT LENGTH KNOW THE TRUTH. BRIGHAM YOUNG SHALL BE JUDGED BY HIS OWN LIFE! I WILL FAITHFULLY GIVE HIS RECORD! HERE IS HIS ANSWER TO BISHOP MILLER! "NOW BROTHER MILLER, YOU GO TO THE MAN, OR SEND SOME ONE WHO DID THE TRADING, AND HAVE HIM SETTLE THE MATTER FORTHWITH, OR WE MUST SUFFER I PRAY MY HEAVENLY FATHER, IN THE NAME OF JESUS CHRIST, THAT THE MAN OR MEN WHO WILL PERSIST IN SUCH THINGS MAY BE CURSED HENCEFORTH AND GO TO HELL SPEEDILY, THAT THE SAINTS MAY NOT BE CURSED BY THEIR WICKEDNESS ANY MORE. LET WILLIAMS DELIVER THE PROPERTY TO THE OLD MAN COCHRAN AND SET- TLE THE MATTER FORTHWITH." THE FOLLOWING IS A MINUTE OF HIS DIARY OF A COUNCIL ON THE NEXT SUNDAY WITH THE TWELVE, BISHOPS AND CAPTAINS. "I TOLD THEM I WAS SATISFIED THAT THE COURSE WE WERE TAKING WOULD PROVE TO BE THE SALVATION NOT ONLY TO THIS CAMP, BUT TO THE SAINTS LEFT BEHIND. BUT THERE HAD BEEN THINGS DONE WHICH WERE WRONG. SOME PLEADED OUR SUFFERING FROM PERSECUTION, AND THE LOSS OF OUR HOMES AND PROPERTY AS A JUSTIFICATION FOR RETALLIATING UPON OUR ENEMIES, BUT SUCH A COURSE TENDS TO DESTROY THE KINGDOM OF GOD." THERE SEEMS TO ME TO BE IN A NUTSHELL THE EXPLANATION OF MANY OF THE OBJECTIONABLE FEATURES IN MORMON HISTORY FROM THE BEGINNING TO THIS DAY. TO EXPECT NO RETALIATION UNDER WRONGS SUCH AS THE MORMONS HAVE BORNE, WOULD BE TOO MUCH TO EXPECT FROM PUGNACIOUS HUMAN NATURE; YET HAVE THE MORMONS AS A PEOPLE RETURNED GOOD FOR EVIL, EVEN IN THEIR MARTYDOMS AND EXTERMINATIONS. TOWARDS THE END OF APRIL THE CAMP CAME TO A PLACE WHICH THE LEADERS NAMED GARDEN GROVE. HERE THEY DETERMINED TO FORM A SMALL SETTLEMENT, OPEN FARMS AND MAKE A TEMPORARY GATHERING PLACE FOR "THE POOR" WHILE THE BETTER PREPARED WERE TO PUSH ON THE [-]AY AND MAKE OTHER SETTLEMENTS. ON THE MORNING OF THE 27TH, OF APRIL, THE HORN SOUNDED AT GARDEN GROVE, AND ALL THE MEN ASSEMBLED TO ORGANIZE FOR LABOR. OVER A HUNDRED MEN WERE IMMEDIATELY AT WORK CUTTING TREES, SPLITTING RAILS, AND MAKING FENCES, FORTY-EIGHT CUTTING LOGS FOR HOUSES, SOME BUILDING BRIDGES, OTHER DIGGING WELLS, MAKING PLOUGHS, HERDING CATTLE; QUITE A NUMBER WERE SENT INTO THE MISSOURI SETTLEMENTS, TO EXCHANGE HORSES FOR OXEN, FEATHER BEDS AND THE LIKE, -FOR PROVISIONS AND ARTICLES MOST NEEDED IN THE CAMP, WHILE THE RE- MAINDER ENGAGED IN THE PLOUGHING AND PLANTING. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p040.jpg) TOWARDS THE END OF APRIL, THE CAMP CAME TO A PLACE WHICH THE LEADERS NAMED GERDEN GROVE. HERE THEY DETERMINED TO FORM A SMALL SETTLEMENT, OPEN FARMS, AND MAKE A TEMPORARY GATHERING PLACE FOR "THE POOR," WHILE THE BETTER PREPARED WERE TO PUSH ON THE WAY AND MAKE OTHER SET- TLEMENTS. ON THE MORNING OF THE 27TH, OF APRIL, THE HORN SOUNDED AT GAR- DEN GROVE, AND ALL THE MEN ASSEMBLED TO ORGANIZE FOR LABOR. OVER A HUN- DRED MEN WERE IMMEDIATELY AT WORK CUTTING TREES, SPLITTING RAILS, AND MAKING FENCES, FORTY-EIGHT CUTTING LOGS FOR HOUSES, SOME BUILDING BRIDGES OTHERS DIGGING WELLS, MAKING PLOUGHS, HERDING CATTLE; QUITE A NUMBER WERE SENT INTO THE MISSOURI SETTLEMENTS, TO EXCHANGE HORSES FOR OXEN, FEATHER BEDS AND THE LIKE, FOR PROVISIONS AND ARTICLES MOST NEEDED IN THE CAMP, WHILE THE REMAINDER ENGAGED IN THE PLOUGHING AND PLANTING. MESSENGERS WERE ALSO DESPATCHED TO CALL IN THE BANDS OF PIONEERS SCATTERED OVER THE COUNTRY TAKING JOBS FROM THE "GENTILES" WITH IN- STRUCTIONS TO HASTEN UP TO HELP FORM THE NEW SETTLEMENTS BEFORE THE SEASON HAD PASSED; SO THAT, IN A SCARCELY CONCEIVABLE TIME, AT GARDEN GROVE AND MOUNT PISGAH, INDUS --- ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p041.jpg) TRIOUS SETTLEMENTS SPRANG UP ALMOST BY MAGIC. THE MAIN BODY ALSO HUR- RIED ON TOWARDS OLD COUNCIL BLUFFS UNDER THE PRESIDENT AND HIS CHIEF MEN, TO LOCATE WINTER QUARTERS AND TO SEND ON A PICKED COMPANY OF PIONEERS THAT YEAR TO THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS. REACHING THE MISSOURI RIVER, THEY WERE WELCOMED BY THE POTTOWATTOMIE AND OMAHA INDIANS. BY THIS TIME APOSTLE ORSON HYDE HAD ARRIVED AT HEADQUARTERS FROM NAUVOO, AND APOSTLE WOODRUFF, HOME FROM HIS MISSION TO ENGLAND WAS AT MOUNT PISGAH. TO THIS PLACE AN EXPRESS FROM THE PRESIDENT AT COUNCIL BLUFFS CAME TO RAISE ONE HUNDRED MEN FOR THE EXPEDITION TO THE MOUNTAINS. APOSTLE WOODRUFF CALLED FOR THE MOUNTED VOLUNTEERS AND SIXTY AT ONCE FOLLOWED HIM OUT INTO THE LINE,- BUT THE NEXT DAY AN EVENT OCCURRED WHICH CAUSED THE :OSTPONEMENT OF THE JOURNEY TO THE MOUNTAINS TILL THE FOLLOW- ING YEAR. IT WAS ON THE 26 H OF JUNE, WHEN THE CAMP AT MOUNT PISGAH WAS THROWN INTO CONSTERNATION BY THE CRY, "THE UNITED STATES TROOPS ARE UPON US!" BUT SOON AFTERWARDS, CAPT. JAMES ALLEN ARRIVING WITH ONLY THREE DRA- GOONS, THE EXCITEMENT SUBSIDED. THE HIGH COUNCIL WAS CALLED, AND CAP- TAIN ALLEN LAID BEFORE IT HIS BUSINESS WHICH IS SET FORTH IN THE FOLLOWING "CIRCULAR TO THE MORMONS." "I HAVE COME AMONG YOU INSTRUCTED BY COL. S. F. KEARNEY, OF THE U.S ARMY, NOW COMMANDING THE ARMY OF THE WEST, TO VISIT THE MORMON CAMP, AND TO ACCEPT THE SERVICE FOR TWELVE MONTHS OF FOUR OR FIVE COMPANIES OF MOR- MON MEN, WHO MAY BE WILLING TO SERVE THEIR COUNTRY FOR THAT PERIOD IN OUR PRESENT WAR WITH MEXICO: THIS FORCE TO UNITE WITH THE ARMY OF THE WEST AT SANTA FE, AND BE MARCHED THENCE TO CALIFORNIA WHERE THEY WILL BE DISCHARGED. THEY WILL RECEIVE PAY AND RATIONS AND OTHER ALLOWANCES, SUCH AS ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p042.jpg) OTHER VOLUNTEERS OR REGULAR SOLDIERS RECEIVE, FROM THE DAY THEY SHALL BE MUSTERED INTO SERVICE AND WILL BE ENTITLED TO ALL COMFORTS AND BENEFITS OF REGULAR SOLDIERS OF THE ARMY, AND, WHEN DISCHARGED AS CONTEMPLATED, AT CALIFORNIA, THEY WILL BE GIVEN GRATIS THEIR ARMS AND ACCOUTREMENTS, WITH WHICH THEY WILL BE FULLY EQUIPPED AT FORT LEAVENWORTH. THIS IS OFFERED TO THE MORMON PEOPLE NOW. THIS YEAR AN OPPORTUNITY OF SENDING A PORTION OF THEIR YOUNG AND INTELLIGENT MEN TO THE ULTIMATE DESTINATION OF THEIR WHOLE PEOPLE, AND ENTIRELY AT THE EXPENSE OF THE UNITED STATES, AND THIS ADVANCED PARTY CAN THUS PAVE THE WAY AND LOOK OUT THE LAND FOR THEIR BRETHREN TO COME AFTER THEM. THOSE OF THE MORMONS WHO ARE DESIROUS OF SERVING THEIR COUNTRY, ON THE CONDITIONS HERE ENUMERATED, ARE REQUESTED TO MEET ME WITHOUT DE- LAY AT THEIR PRINCIPAL CAMP AT THE COUNCIL BLUFFS, WHITHER I AM NOW GO- ING TO CONSULT WITH THEIR PRINCIPAL MEN AND TO RECEIVE AND ORGANIZE THE FORCE CONTEMPLATED TO BE RAISED. I WILL RECEIVE ALL HEALTHY, ABLE BODIED MEN OF FROM 18 TO 45 YEARS OF AGE. CAMP OF THE MORMONS, AT MOUNT PISGAH, J. ALLEN 133 MILES EAST OF COUNCIL BLUFFS, CAP. FIRST DRAGOONS. JUNE 26, 1846. NOTE. --I HOPE TO COMPLETE THE ORGANIZATION OF THIS BATTALION IN SIX DAYS AFTER MY REACHING COUNCIL BLUFFS, OR WITHIN NINE DAYS FROM THIS TIME." THE HIGH COUNCIL OF MOUNT PISGAH TREATED THE MILITARY ENVOY WITH STUDIED COURTESY, BUT THE MATTER WAS OF TOO GR AT IMPORTANCE FOR AN ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p043.jpg) OPINION TO BE HAZARDED IN THE ABSENCE OF THE MASTER MIND, SO CAPTAIN ALLEN WAS FURNISHED WITH A LETTER OF INTRODUCTION TO THE AUTHORITIES AT HEAD QUARTERS, AND A SPECIAL MESSENGER WAS DESPATCHED BY APOSTLE W WOODRUFF TO PREPARE THE PRESIDENT FOR THE BUSINESS OF THE GOVERNMENT AGENT. -----0----- ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p044.jpg) C H A P T E R V . ----0---- THE CALL BY THE GOVERNMENT FOR THE "MORMON BATTALION." INTER- VIEWS WITH PRESIDENT POLK. THE APOSTLES ENLISTING SOLDIERS FROM THEIR PEOPLE FOR THE SERVICE OF THE NATION. THE BATTALION ON THE MARCH. "YOU SHALL HAVE YOUR BATTALION AT ONCE IF IT HAS TO BE A CLASS OF OUR ELDERS." --BRIGHAM YOUNG. -------- WE NOW COME TO A SUBJECT IN MORMON HISTORY OF WHICH TWO OPPOSITE VIEWS HAVE BEEN TAKEN, NEITHER OF WHICH UNQUALIFIED APPEARS TO ME TO BE STRICTLY CORRECT. IT IS THAT OF CALLING OF THE MORMON BATTALION TO SERVE THE NATION IN OUR WAR WITH MEXICO, AS SET FORTH IN THE CIRCULAR ALREADY GIVEN. ONE VIEW IS THAT THE GOVERNMENT, PROMPTED BY SUCH MEN AS SENATOR BENTON OF MISSOURI, SOUGHT TO DESTROY, OR AT LEAST TO CRIP- PLE THE MORMONS, BY TAKING FROM THEM FIVE HUNDRED OF THEIR BEST MEN, IN AN INDIAN COUNTRY, AND IN THEIR EXODUS; WHILE THE OTHER VIEW IS THAT THE GOVERNMENT DESIGNED THEIR GOOD AND HONOR. THE TRUTH IS THAT A FEW HONORABLE GENTLEMEN LIKE COL. THOMAS L. KANE DID SO DESIGN; BUT IT IS EQUALLY TRUE THAT THE GREAT MAJORITY HEARTILY WISHED FOR THEIR UTTER EXTINCTION; WHILE MANY ABLE, UNSCRUPULOUS POLITICIANS, SEEING IN THIS VAST MIGRATION OF THE MORMONS TOWARDS THE PACIFIC THE READY AND MOST EFFICIENT MEANS TO WREST CALIFORNIA FROM MEXICO. FAVORED THE CALLING OF THE BATTALION FOR NATIONAL ENDS, WITHOUT CARING WHAT AFTERWARDS BECAME OF THOSE HEROIC MEN WHO LEFT THEIR FAMILIES AND PEOPLE IN THE ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p045.jpg) "WILDERNESS," OR WHETHER THOSE FAMILIES PERISHED BY THE WAY OR NOT. MOREOVER, THE MORMON LEADERS ARE IN POSSESSION OF WHAT APPEARS TO BE VERY POSITIVE EVIDENCE THAT, AFTER PRESIDENT POLK ISSUED THE "CALL," SENATOR THOMAS BENTON OBTAINED FROM HIM THE PLEDGE THAT, SHOULD THE MORMONS REFUSE TO RESPOND, UNITED STATES TROOPS SHOULD PURSUE, CUT OFF THEIR ROUTE AND DISPERSE THEM. SUCH A COVENANT WAS VILLAINOUS BEYOND EXPRESSION, FOR TO HAVE DISPERSED THE MORMON PILGRIMS AT THAT MOMENT WOULD HAVE BEEN TO HAVE DEVOTED A WHOLE PEOPLE TO THE CRUELEST MARTYR- DOM. IN ANY VIEW OF THE CASE, IT SHOWS BRIGHAM YOUNG UP AS A GREAT STATESMAN, AND THE MORMONS AS AN ESSENTIALLY LOYAL AND PATRIOTIC PEO- PLE; AND, IF WE TAKE THE DARKEST VIEW, WHICH BE IT EMPHATICALLY AF- FIRMED WAS THE ONE OF THAT HOUR, THEN DOES THE MASTERLY POLICY OF BRIG- HAM YOUNG, GIVING IT NO BETTER NAME, AND THE CONDUCT OF THE MORMONS, STAND OUT SUBLIME AND FAR-SEEING BEYOND MOST OF THE EXAMPLES OF HISTORY. THE READER HAS SEEN MR. BRANNAN'S LETTER RECEIVED BEFORE STARTING ON THEIR JOURNEY: THEY LOOKED UPON THIS "CALL" FOR FROM FIVE HUNDRED TO A THOUSAND OF THE FLOWER OF THEIR CAMPS AS THE FULFILLMENT OF THE "THREAT." THE EXCUSE TO ANNIHILATE THEM THEY BELIEVED WAS SOUGHT; EVEN THE GENERAL GOVERNMENT DARED NOT DISPERSE AND DISARM THEM WITHOUT AN EXCUSE. AT THE BEST AN EXTRAORDINARY TEST OF THEIR LOYALTY WAS ASKED OF THEM, UNDER CIRCUMSTANCES THAT WOULD HAVE REQUIRED THE THRICE HARDENING OF A PHARAOH'S HEART TO HAVE EXACTED. MOUNT PISGAH HAD BEEN THROWN INTO CONSTERNATION WITH THE CRY, "THE UNITED STATES TROOPS ARE UPON US!" AND THE HIGH COUNCIL HAD SAT IN GRAVE SILENCE WITHOUT VEN- TURING EVEN A PROBABLE ANSWER TO THE GOVERNMENT AGENT. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p046.jpg) BUT AT COUNCIL BLUFFS A MATCHLESS LEADER WAS THERE READY TO MASTER THE SITUATION. HERE IT WILL BE ONLY JUST TO BOTH SIDES TO GIVE COL. KANE'S STA- TEMENT, IN HIS HISTORICAL DISCOURSE ON THE MORMONS, DELIVERED BEFORE THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA, AS THAT GENTLEMEN SUSTAINED IN THE CASE VERY MUCH THE CHARACTER OF A SPECIAL AGENT OF THE ADMINISTRATION TO THE MORMONS, HE SAID: "AT THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE MEXICAN WAR, THE PRESIDENT CONSIDERED IT DESIRABLE TO MARCH A BODY OF RELIABLE INFANTRY TO CALIFORNIA AT AS EARLY A PERIOD AS PRACTICABLE, AND THE KNOWN HARDIHOOD AND HABITS OF DISCIPLINE OF THE MORMONS WEEE, SUPPOSED PECULIARLY TO FIT THEM FOR THIS SERVICE. AS CALIFORNIA WAS SUPPOSED ALSO TO BE THEIR ULTIMATE DESTI- NATION, THE LONG MARCH MIGHT COST THEM LESS THAN OTHER CITIZENS. THEY WERE ACCORDINGLY INVITED TO FURNISH A BATTALION OF VOLUNTEERS EARLY IN THE MONTH OF JULY. "THE CALL COULD HARDLY HAVE BEEN MORE INCONVENIENTLY TIMED. THE YOUNG, AND THOSE WHO COULD HAVE BEST HAVE BEEN SPARED, WERE THEN AWAY FROM THE MAIN BODY, EITHER WITH PIONEER COMPANIES IN THE VAN, OR, THEIR FAITH UNANNOUNCED, SEEKING WORK AND FOOD ABOUT THE NORTH-WESTERN SET- TLEMENTS, TO SUPPORT THEM TILL THE RETURN OF THE SEASON FOR COMMENCING EMIGRATION. THE FORCE WAS, THEREFORE, TO BE RECRUITED FROM AMONG THE FATHERS OF FAMILIES, AND OTHERS WHOSE PRESENCE IT WAS MOST DESIRABLE TO RETAIN. "THERE WERE SOME, TOO, WHO COULD NOT VIEW THE INVITATION WITHOUT JEALOUSY, THEY HAD TWICE BEEN PERSUADES BY GOVERNMENT AUTHORITIES IN ILLINOIS AND MISSOURI, TO GIVE UP THEIR ARMS ON SOME SPECIAL APPEALS TO THEIR PATRIOTIC CONFIDENCE, AND HAD THEN BEEN LEFT TO THE MALICE OF THEIR ENEMIES. AND NOW THEY WERE ASKED, IN THE MIDST OF THE INDIAN COUNTRY, TO SURRENDER OVER FIVE HUNDRED OF THEIR BEST MEN FOR A WAR- ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p047.jpg) MARCH OF THOUSANDS OF MILES TO CALIFORNIA, WITHOUT THE HOPE OF RETURN THAT TILL AFTER THE CONQUEST OF THE COUNTRY. COULD THEY VIEW SUCH A PROP- ^ OSITION WITH FAVOR? "BUT THE FEELING OF COUNTRY TRIUMPHED; THE UNION HAD NEVER WRONGED THEM. YOU SHALL HAVE YOUR BATTALION AT ONCE, IF IT HAS TO BE A CLASS OF ELDERS," SAID ONE, HIMSELF A RULING ELDER. A CENTRAL MASS-MEETING FOR COUNCIL, SOME HARANGUES AT THE MORE REMOTELY SCATTERED CAMPS, AN AMERICAN FLAG BROUGHT OUT FROM THE STORE-HOUSE OF THINGS RESCUED, AND HOISTED TO THE TOP OF A THREE MAST, AND, IN THREE DAYS, THE FORCE WAS REPORTED, MUSTERED, ORGANIZED AND READY TO MARCH." THE FOREGOING IS A GRAPHIC SUMMARY, BUT THE READER WILL ASK FOR SOMETHING MORE OF DETAIL OF THIS ONE OF THE CHIEF EPISODES OF MORMON HIS- TORY, AND ONE DESTINED FOR IMMORTALITY. ON THE 1ST OF JULY CAPTAIN ALLEN WAS IN COUNCIL AT THE BLUFFS WITH BRIGHAM YOUNG, HEBER C. KIMBALL, ORSON HYDE, ORSON PRATT, WILLARD RICH- ARDS, GEORGE A. SMITH, JOHN TAYLOR, PATRIARCH JOHN SMITH AND LEIR RICH- ARDS. AT HEAD QUARTERS THEY HAD NOT NEARLY SUFFICIENT FORCE TO RAISE THE BATTALION. YET THEY LOST NOT A MOMENT. IN THE CHARACTER OF RE- CRUITING SERGEANTS BRIGHAM, HEBER, AND WILLARD AT ONCE SET OUT FOR MOUNT- PISGAH, A DISTANCE OF 130 MILES ON THE BACK TRACK. HERE THEY MET ELDERS JESSE C. LITTLE, HOME FROM WASHINGTON, HAVING HAD INTERVIEWS WITH PRES- IDENT JAMES K. POLK, AND OTHER MEMBERS OF THE GOVERNMENT. A CONDEN- SATION OF ELDER LITTLE'S REPORT WILL, AT LENGTH, GIVE TO THE PUBLIC THE PLAIN STORY OF THE CALL OF THE BATTALION:" "TO PRESIDENT BRIGHAM YOUNG AND THE COUNCIL OF THE TWELVE APOS- TLES. "BRETHREN:--IN YOUR LETTER OF APPOINTMENT TO ME DATED TEMPLE OF GOD, NAUVOO JANUARY 26TH 1846, YOU SUGGESTED, "IF OUR GOVERNMENT SHOULD OFFER FACILITIES FOR EMIGRATING TO THE WESTERN COAST EMBRACE THOSE ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p048.jpg) FACILITIES, IF POSSIBLE. AS A WISE AND FAITHFUL MAN TAKE EVERY HONOR- ABLE ADVANTAGE OF THE TIMES YOU CAN. "BE THOU A SAVIOUR AND A DELIVERER OF THE PEOPLE, AND LET VIRTUE, INTEGRITY AND TRUTH BE YOUR MOTTO--SALVATION AND GLORY THE PRIZE FOR WHICH YOU CONTEND." "IN ACCORDANCE WITH MY INSTRUCTIONS, I FELT AN ANXIOUS DESIRE FOR THE DELIVERANCE OF THE SAINTS AND RESOLVED UPON VISITING JAMES K. POLK, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, TO LAY THE SITUATION OF MY PERSECUTED BRETHREN BEFORE HIM, AND ASK HIM AS THE REPRESENTATIVE OF OUR COUNTRY TO STRETCH FORTH THE FEDERAL ARM IN THEIR BEHALF. ACCORDINGLY I CALLED UPON GOVERNOR STEELE, OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, WITH WHOM I HAD BEEN ACQUAINTED FROM MY YOUTH, AND OTHER PHILANTHROPIC GENTLEMEN TO OBTAIN LETTERS OF RECOMMENDATION TO THE HEADS OF THE DEPARTMENTS." GOVERNOR STEELE GAVE TO ELDER LITTLE A LETTER OF INTRODUCTION TO MR. BANCROFT, SECRETARY OF THE NAVY, IN WHICH THE GOVERNOR SAID: "MR. LITTLE VISITS WASHINGTON, IF I UNDERSTAND IT CORRECTLY, FOR THE PURPOSE OF PROCURING, OR ENDEAVORING TO PROCURE, THE FREIGHT OF ANY PROVISIONS OR NAVAL STORES WHICH THE GOVERNMENT MAY BE DESIROUS OF SENDING TO OREGON OR TO ANY PORTION OF THE PACIFIC. HE IS THUS DESIROUS OF OBTAINING FREIGHT, FOR THE PURPOSE OF LESSENING THE EXPENSE OF CHARTER- ING VESSELS TO CONVEY HIM AND HIS FOLLOWERS TO CALIFORNIA, WHERE THEY INTEND FOING AND MAKING A PERMANENT SETTLEMENT THE PRESENT SUMMER. YOURS TRULY, JNO. STEELE. FROM COL. T. L. KANE, ELDER LITTLE RECEIVED A LETTER OF INTRODUC- TION TO THE HON. GEORGE M. DALLAS VICE PRES'T. OF THE U. S. IN WHICH THE WRITER SAID: ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p049.jpg) "THIS GENTLEMEN VISITS WASHINGTON, WITH NO OTHER OBJECT THAN THE LAU- DABLE ONE OF DESIRING AID OF GOVERNMENT FOR HIS PEOPLE, WHO, FORCED BY PERSECUTION TO FOUND A NEW COMMONWEALTH IN THE SACRAMENTO VALLEY, STILL RETAIN AMERICAN HEARTS, AND WOULD NOT WILLINGLY SELL THEMSELVES TO THE FOREIGNER, OR FORGET THE OLD COMMONWEALTH THEY LEAVE BEHIND." ARMED WITH THESE AND OTHER LETTERS, MR. LITTLE STARTED TO WASHING- TON FROM PHILADELPHIA, WHERE HE HAD ENLISTED, FOR HIS AFFLICTED PEOPLE THE ZEALOUS FRIENDSHIPS OF THE PATRIOTIC BROTHER OF THE GREAT ARCTIC EXPLORER; AND,; SOON AFTER HIS ARRIVAL AT THE CAPITOL, HE OBTAINED AN INTRODUCTION TO PRESIDENT POLK, THROUGH EX-POST-MASTER GENERAL AMOS- KENDALL. THE ELDER WAS FAVORABLY RECEIVED BY MR. POLK, WHICH EMBOLDENED HIM TO ADDRESS A FORMAL PETITION TO THE PRESIDENT, WHICH HE CLOSES AS FOLLOWS: "FROM TWELVE TO FIFTEEN THOUSAND MORMONS HAVE ALREADY LEFT NAUVOO FOR CALIFORNIA, AND MANY OTHERS ARE MAKING READY TO GO; SOME HAVE GONE AROUND CAPE HORN, AND I TRUST, BEFORE THIS TIME HAVE LANDED AT THE BAY OF SAN-FRANCISCO. WE HAVE ABOUT FORTY THOUSAND IN THE BRITISH ISLES, ALL DETERMINED TO GATHER TO THIS LAND, AND THOUSANDS WILL SAIL THIS FALL. THERE ARE ALSO MANY THOUSANDS SCATTERED THROUGH THE STATES, BESIDES THE GREAT NUMBER IN AND AROUND NAUVOO WHO WILL GO TO CALIFORNIA AS SOON AS POSSIBLE, BUT MANY OF THEM ARE DESTITUTE OF MONEY TO PAY THEIR PASSAGE EITHER BY SEA OR LAND. "WE ARE TRUE HEARTED AMERICANS, TRUE TO OUR NATIVE COUNTRY, TRUE TO ITS LAWS, TRUE TO ITS GLORIOUS INSTITUTIONS; AND WE HAVE A DESIRE TO GO UNDER THE OUTSTRETCHED WINGS OF THE AMERICAN EAGLE; WE WOULD DISDAIN TO RECEIVE ASSISTANCE FROM A FOREIGN POWER, ALTHOUGH IT SHOULD BE PROFFERED UNLESS OUR GOVERNMENT SHALL TURN US OFF IN THIS GREAT CRISIS ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p050.jpg) AND COMPEL US TO BE FOREIGNERS. "IF YOU WILL ASSIST US IN THIS CRISIS, I HEREBY PLEDGE MY HONOR, AS THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THIS PEOPLE THAT THE WHOLE BODY WILL STAND READY AT YOUR CALL, AND ACT AS ONE MAN IN THE LAND TO WHICH WE ARE GO- ING; AND SHOULD OUR TERRITORY BE INVADED WE WILL HOLD OURSELVES READY TO ENTER THE FIELD OF BATTLE, AND THEN LIKE; OUR PATRIOTIC FATHERS, MAKE THE BATTLE FIELD OUR GRAVE OR GAIN OUR LIBERTY." THERE WERE PRESENT, AT THE FIRST INTERVIEW BETWEEN THE MORMON ELDER AND THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, GEN. SAM. HOUSTON, JUST FROM TEXAS UPON MEXICAN AFFAIRS, AND OTHER DISTINGUISHED MEN. A SINGULAR CIRCUMSTANCE IN AMERICAN HISTORY IS HERE CONNECTED; FOR AT THAT IMPOR- TANT JUNCTURE IN THE HISTORY OF OUR NATION AS WELL AS THE MORMONS, WASH+ INGTON WAS THROWN INTO GREAT EXCITEMENT BY THE NEWS THAT GENERAL TAYLOR HAD FOUGHT TWO BATTLES WITH THE MEXICANS. THIS IMPORTANT EVENT WAS DIRECTLY BEARING ON THE AFFAIRS OF THE MORMONS, AS MUCH AS UPON THOSE OF THE NATION AT LARGE. THE NEWS OF THE ACTUAL COMMENCEMENT OF THE WAR BETWEEN THE TWO RIVAL REPUBLICS CAME IN THE VERY NICK OF TIME. HAD ELDER LITTLE ARRIVED IN WASHINGTON SIX MONTHS BEFORE, OR SIX MONTHS LATER, THERE WOULD HAVE BEEN A MARKED VARIATION FROM THAT WHICH CAME TO PASS. WE KNOW NOT WHAT THE EXACT DIFFERENCE WOULD HAVE BEEN, BUT IT IS MOST CERTAIN THAT PRESIDENT POLK WOULD NOT THEN HAVE DESIGNED TO POSSESS CALIFORNIA BY THE HELP OF THESE STATE-FOUNDING SAINTS, NOR WOULD THEIR SHOVELS HAVE TURNED UP THE GOLD AT SUTTER'S MILL UNDER MARSHALL, NOR WOULD GENERAL STEPHEN F. KEARNEY HAVE HAD AT HIS BACK THE MORMON BATTALION AS HIS CHIEF FORCE, WHEN HE MADE HIMSELF MASTER OF THE LAND OF PRECIOUS METALS AND PUT HIS RIVAL FREMONT UNDER ARREST. THE DAY AFTER THE FIRST INTERVIEW WITH PRESIDENT POLK, ELDER ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p051.jpg) LITTLE CALLED AGAIN UPON EX-POSTMASTER GENERAL KENDALL, WHO INFORMED HIM THAT THE PRESIDENT HAD DETERMINED TO TAKE POSSESSION OF CALIFORNIA; THAT HE DESIGNED TO USE THE MORMONS FOR HIS PURPOSE, AND THAT THEY WOULD RECEIVE ORDERS TO PUSH THROUGH TO FORTIFY THE COUNTRY. THIS IN- DUCED THE ELDER TO ADDRESS THE PETITION ALREADY QUOTED. THE PRESIDENT NOW LAID THE MATTER BEFORE THE CABINET. THE PLAN OFFERED TO HIS COLLEAGUES WAS FOR THE ELDER TO GO DIRECT TO THE MORMON CAMP TO RAISE FROM AMONG THEM "ONE THOUSAND PICKED MEN TO MAKE A DASH INTO CALIFORNIA AND TAKE POSSESSION OF IT IN THE NAME OF THE UNITED- STATES." THE BATTALION WAS TO BE OFFICERED BY THEIR OWN MEN, EXCEPT- ING THE COMMANDING OFFICER, WHO WAS TO BE APPOINTED BY PRESIDENT POLK, AND TO TAKE CANNON AND EVERYTHING NECESSARY FOR THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTY TRY. ONE THOUSAND MORE OF THE MORMONS FROM THE EASTERN STATES WERE PROPOSED TO BE SENT BY WAY OF CAPE HORN, IN A U. S. TRANSPORT FOR THE SAME SERVICE. THIS WAS THE ORIGINAL PLAN BY PRESIDENT POLK BEFORE HIS CABINET. AFTER THIS ELDER LITTLE HAD HIS SECOND INTERVIEWS WITH PRESIDENT POLK WHO TOLD THE ELDER THAT HE "HAD NO PREJUDICES AGAINST THE SAINTS, BUT HE BELIEVED THEM TO BE GOOD CITIZENS; THAT HE "WAS WILLING TO DO THEM ALL THE GOOD IN HIS POWER CONSISTENTLY," THAT "THEY SHOULD BE PROTECTED" AND THAT HE HAD "READ THE PETITION WITH INTEREST." HE FURTHER EMPHATICALLY OBSERVED THAT HE HAD "CONFIDENCE IN THE MORMONS AS TRUE AMERICAN CITIZENS, OR HE WOULD NOT MAKE SUCH PROPOSITIONS AS THOSE HE DESIGNED." THIS INTERVIEW LASTED THREE HOURS, SO FULL WAS THE PRESIDENT WITH HIS PLAN OF POSSESSING CALIFORNIA BY THE AID OF THE MORMONS. BEFORE HIS DEPARTURE WEST, ELDER LITTLE HAD ANOTHER SPECIAL INTER- ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p052.jpg) VIEW WITH THE PRESIDENT, WHEN HE FURTHER TOLD THE ELDER THAT HE HAD "RECEIVED THE MORMON SUFFRAGES," THAT THEY SHOULD BE REMEMBERED" AND THAT HE HAD INSTRUCTED THE SECRETARY OF WAR TO MAKE OUR DISPATCHES TO COLONEL KEARNEY, COMMANDER OF THE ARMY OF THE WEST, RELATIVE TO THE MORMON BATTALION. ON THE 12TH OF JUNE ELDER LITTLE IN COMPANY WITH COLONEL THOMAS L. KANE STARTED FOR THE WEST. THE COLONEL BEARING SPECIAL DISPATCHES FROM GOVERNMENT TO GEN. KEARNEY WHO WAS AT FORT LEAVENWORTH. JUDGE KANE JOURNEYED WITH HIS SON AS FAR AS ST. LOUIS. THE FOLLOWING IS THE ORDER UNDER WHICH THE BATTALION WAS MUSTERED INTO SERVICE: HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE WEST, FORT LEAVENWORTH, JUNE 19TH 1846 . "SIR:--IT IS UNDERSTOOD THAT THERE IS A LARGE BODY OF MORMONS WHO ARE DESIROUS OF EMIGRATING TO CALIFORNIA FOR THE PURPOSE OF SETTLING IN THAT COUNTRY, AND I HAVE THEREFORE TO DIRECT THAT YOU WILL PROCEED TO THEIR CA CAMPS AND ENDEAVOR TO RAISE FROM AMONG THEM FOUR OR FIVE COMPANIES OF VOLUNTEERS TO JOIN ME IN MY EXPEDITION TO THAT COUNTRY;--EACH COM- PANY TO CONSIST OF ANY NUMBER BETWEEN 73 AND 100--THE OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY WILL BE A CAPTAIN, FIRST LIEUTENANT AND SECOND LIEUTENANT, WHO WILL BW ELECTED BY THE PRIVATES AND SUBJECT TO YOUR APPROVAL, AND THE CAPTAINS THEN TO APPOINT THE NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, ALSO SUBJECT TO YOUR APPROVAL. THE COMPANIES UPON BEING THUS ORGANIZED, WILL BE MUSTERED BY YOU INTO THE SERVICE OF THE U. S. AND FROM THAT DAY WILL COMMENCE TO RECEIVE THE PAY, RATIONS AND OTHER ALLOWANCES GIVEN TO THE OTHER INFANTRY VOLUNTEERS, EACH ACCORDING TO HIS RANK. YOU WILL, UPON MUSTERING INTO SERVICE THE FOURTH COMPANY, BE CONSIDERED AS HAVING THE RANK PAY AND EMOLUMENTS OF A LIEUTENANT-COLONEL OF INFANTRY, AND ARE AUTHORIZED TO APPOINT AN ADJUTANT,SERGEANT-MAJOR, AND QUARTERMASTER- ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p053.jpg) SERGEANT FOR THE BATTALION. THE COMPANIES AFTER BEING ORGANIZED WILL BE MARCHED TO THIS POST, WHERE THEY WILL BE ARMED AND PREPARED FOR THE FIELD, AFTER WHICH THEY WILL UNDER YOUR COMMAND FOLLOW ON MY TRAIL IN THE DIRECTION OF SANTA- FE, AND WHERE YOU WILL RECEIVE FURTHER ORDERS FROM ME. YOU WILL UPON ORGANIZING THE COMPANIES, REQUIRE PROVISIONS, WAGONS, HORSES, MULES, &C; YOU MUST PURCHASE EVERYTHING THAT IS NECESSARY, AND GIVE THE NECESSARY DRAFTS UPON THE QUARTER-MASTER AND COMMISSARY DEPARTMENTS AT THIS POST, WHICH DRAFTS WILL BE PAID UPON PRESENTATION. YOU WILL HAVE THE MORMONS DISTINCTLY TO UNDERSTAND, THAT I WISH TO TAKE THEM AS VOLUNTEERS FOR TWELVE MONTHS, THAT THEY WILL BE MARCHED TO CALIFORNIA, RECEIVING PAY AND ALLOWANCES DURING THE ABOVE TIME, AND AT ITS EXPIRATION THEY WILL BE DISCHARGED, AND ALLOWED TO RETAIN, AS THEIR PRIVATE PROPERTY, THE GUNS AND ACCOUTREMENTS FURNISHED TO THEM AT R THIS POST. EACH COMPANY WILL BE ALLOWED FOUR WOMEN AS LAUNDRESSES, WHO WILL TRAVEL WITH THE COMPANY, RECEIVING RATIONS AND OTHER ALLOWANCES GIVEN TO THE LAUNDRESSES OF OUR ARMY. WITH THE FOREGOING CONDITIONS WHICH ARE HEREBY PLEDGED TO THE MOR- MONS AND WHICH WILL BE FAITHFULLY KEPT BY ME AND OTHER OFFICERS IN BE- HALF OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES, I CANNOT DOUBT BUT THAT YOU WILL IN A FEW DAYS BE ABLE TO RAISE FIVE HUNDRED YOUNG AND EFFICIENT MEN FOR THIS EXPEDITION. VERY RESPECTFULLY YOUR OB'T SERV'T, SIGNED, S. F. KEARNEY, COL. OF FIRST DRAGOONS. CAP'T JAMES ALLEN, FIRST REG. DRAGOONS, FORT LEAVENWORTH." ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p054.jpg) IT WILL BE REMEMBERED THAT BRIGHAM YOUNG, WHILE BELIEVING THE BATTALION CALL TO BE A TEST OF LOYALTY, HASTENED WITH HEBER C. KIMBALL AND WILLARD RICHARDS TO MOUNT PISGAH, |130 MILES| TO EXECUTE THE "DEMAND," AS THEY DEEMED IT, FOR A BATTALION OF THEIR PICKED MEN TO SERVE THEIR COUNTRY. THEY IMMEDIATELY SENT MESSENGERS WITH OFFICIAL DESPATCHES FROM THEIR HIGH COUNCILS, TO NAUVOO, GARDEN GROVE AND THE REGIONS AROUND, CALLING TO HEAD-QUARTERS THEIR OLD MEN AND ABLE BODIED BOYS TO SUPPLY THE PLACE OF THEIR PICKED MEN GOING FOR THE SERVICE OF THEIR COUNTRY. RETURNING TO COUNCIL BLUFFS, THE TWELVE GATHERED THE "CAMP OF ISRAEL" TO ENROLL THE COMPANIES OF VOLUNTEERS. WHILE MAJOR HUNT |OF THE VOLUNTEERS| WAS CALLING OUT THE FIRST COMPANY, BRIGHAM YOUNG CONVERSED WITH COL. KANE IN WOODRUFF'S CARRIAGE ABOUT THE AFFAIRS OF THE NATION, AND TOLD HIM THE TIME WOULD COME WHEN THE MORMONS WOULD HAVE TO SAVE THE GOVERNMENT OF THE U. S. OR IT WOULD CRUMBLE TO ATOMS." FORTY MINUTES AFTER 12 OF THE SAME DAY, JULY 15TH, THE ELDERS AND THE PEOPLE GATHERED ASSEMBLED IN THE BOWERY. PRESIDENT YOUNG THEN DELIVERED TO THE CONGREGATION A SIMPLE BUT EARNEST SPEECH, IN WHICH HE TOLD THE BRETHREN, WITH A TOUCH OF SUBDUED PATHOS, "NOT TO MENTION FAM- ILIES TO-DAY" THAT THEY HAD "NOT TIME TO REASON NOW." "WE WANT," HE SAID, "TO CONFORM TO THE REQUISITION MADE UPON US, AND WE WILL DO NOTHING ELSE TILL WE HAVE ACCOMPLISHED THIS THING. IF WE WANT THE PRIVILEGE OF GOING WHERE WE CAN WORSHIP GOD ACCORDING TO THE DICTATES OF OUR CONSCIENCES, WE MUST RAISE THE BATTALION. I SAY, IT IS RIGHT; AND WHO CARES FOR SACRIFICING OUR COMFORT FOR A FEW YEARS? NOBLY DID THE BRETHREN RESPOND TO THE CALL OF THEIR COUNTRY, THEIR APOSTLES ACTING AS RECRUITING SERGEANTS, NOR DID THEY WAIT FOR THEIR ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p055.jpg) REINFORCEMENTS, BUT MOVED AS THOUGH THEY INTENDED TO APPLY THEIR LEADERS CLOSING SENTENCE LITERALLY: "AFTER WE GET THROUGH TALKING, WE WILL CALL OUT THE COMPANIES; AND IF THERE ARE NOT YOUNG MEN ENOUGH, WE WILL TAKE THE OLD MEN, AND IF THEY ARE NOT ENOUGH WE WILL TAKE THE WOMEN." "THERE WAS NO SENTIMENTAL AFFECTATION AT THEIR LEAVE-TAKING," SAID THOMAS L. KANE, IN RELATING THE STORY TO THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA. "THE AFTERNOON BEFORE THEIR MARCH WAS APPROPRIATED TO A FAREWELL BALL; AND A MORE MERRY DANCING ROUT I HAVE NEVER SEEN, THOUGH THE COMPANY WENT WITHOUT REFRESHMENTS, AND THEIR BALL WAS OF THE MOST PRIMITIVE. IT WAS THE CUSTOM, WHENEVER THE LARGER CAMPS RESTED FOR A FEW DAYS TOGETHER, TO MAKE GREAT ARBORS OR BOWERIES, AS THEY CALL- ED THEM, OF POLES AND BRUSH, AND WATTLING, AS PLACES OF SHELTER FOR THEIR MEETINGS OF DEVOTION OR CONFERENCE. IN ONE OF THESE WHERE THE GROUND HAD BEEN TRODDEN FIRM AND HARD BY THE WORSHIPPERS OF THE POPULAR FATHER TAYLOR'S PRECINCT, WAS GATHERED NOW THE MIRTH AND BEAUTY OF THE MORMON ISRAEL. IF ANYTHING TOLD THE MORMONS HAD BEEN BRED TO OTHER LIVES, IT WAS THE APPEARANCE OF THE WOMEN AS THEY ASSEMBLED HERE. BEFORE THEIR FLIGHT THEY HAD SOLD THEIR WATCHES AND TRINKETS AS THE MOST AVAILABLE RECOURCE FOR RAISING READY MONEY: AND HENCE LIKE THEIR PARTNERS WHO WORE WAIST- COATS CUT WITH USELESS WATCH POCKETS, THEY, ALTHOUGH THEIR EARS WERE PIERCED AND BORE THE LOOP MARKS OF REJECTED PENDANTS, WERE WITHOUT EAR- RINGS, CHAINS OR BROOCHES. EXCEPT SUCH ORNAMENTS, HOWEVER, THEY LACKED NOTHING MOST BECOMING THE ATTIRE OF DECOROUS MAIDENS. THE NEATLY DARNED WHITE STOCKINGS, AND CLEAN BRIGHT PETTICOAT, THE ARTISTICALLY CLEAR STARCHED COLLAR AND CHEMISETTE, THE SOMETHING FADED, ONLY BECAUSE ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p056.jpg) TOO WELL WASHED LAWN OR GINGHAM GOWN, THAT FITTED MODISHLY TO THE WAIST OF ITS PRETTY WEARER, --THESE IF ANY OF THEM SPOKE OF POVERTY, SPOKE OF A POVERTY THAT HAD KNOWN ITS BETTER DAYS. WITH THE REST ATTENDED THE ELDERS OF THE CHURCH WITHIN CALL, IN- CLUDING NEARLY ALL THE CHIEFS OF THE HIGH COUNCIL, WITH THEIR WIVES AND CHILDREN. THEY, THE GRAVEST AND MOST TROUBLESOME, SEEMED THE MOST ANXIOUS OF ANY OF THROW OFF THE BURDEN OF HEAVY THOUGHTS. THEIR LEADING OFF THE DANCING IN A DOUBLE COTILLION WAS THE SIGNAL WHICH BADE THE FESTIVITY TO COMMENCE. TO THE CANTO OF DEBONNAIR VIOLINS, THE CHEER OF HORNS, THE JINGLE OF SLEIGH BELLS, AND THE JOVIAL SNORING OF THE TAMBORINE, THEY DID DANCE! NONE OF YOUR MINUETS OR OTHER MORTUARY PROFESSIONS OF GENTILES IN ETTIQUETTE, TIGHT SHOES AND PINCHING GLOVES, BUT THE SPIRITED AND SCIENTIFIC DISPLAYS OF OUR VENERATED AND MERRY GRAND PARENTS, WHO WERE NOT ABOVE FOLLOWING THE FIDDLE TO THE FOX CHASE IN OR GARDENS OR GRAY'S FERRY. FRENCH FOURS, COPENHAGEN GIGS, VIRGIN- IA REELS, AND THE LIKE FORGOTTEN FIGURES, EXECUTED WITH THE SPIRIT OF PEOPLE TOO HAPPY TO BE SLOW, OR BASHFUL, OR CONSTRAINED. LIGHT HEARTS, BLITHE FIGURES AND LIGHT FEET HAD IT THEIR OWN WAY FROM AN EARLY HOUR TILL AFTER THE SUN HAD DIPPED BEHIND THE SHARP SKYE LINE OF THE OMAHA HILLS. SILENCE WAS THEN CALLED, AND A WELL CULTIVATED MEZZO SOPRANO VOICE, BELONGING TO A YOUNG LADY WITH FAIR FACE AND DARK EYES, GAVE, WITH QUARTETT ACCOMPANIAMENT, A LITTLE SONG, THE NOTES OF WHICH I HAVE BEEN UNSUCCESSFUL IN REPEATED EFFORTS TO OBTAIN SINCE--A VERSION OF THE TEXT TOUCHING TO ALL EARTHLY WONDERERS: "BY THE RIVERS OF BABYLON WE SAT DOWN AND WEPT; WE WEPT WHEN WE REMEMBERED ZION;" THERE WAS DANGER OF SOME EXPRESSION OF FEELING WHEN THE SONG WAS ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p057.jpg) OVER, FOR IT HAD BEGUN TO DRAW TEARS, BUT BREAKING THE QUIET WITH HIS HARD VOICE, AN ELDER ASKED THE BLESSING OF HEAVEN ON ALL WHO, WITH PURITY OF HEART AND BROTHERHOOD OF SPIRIT, HAD MINGLED IN THAT SOCIETY, AND THEN ALL DISPERSED, HASTENING TO COVER FROM THE FALLING DEWS. ---------- ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p058.jpg) C H A P T E R V I . ----0---- THE MORMONS SETTLE ON INDIAN LANDS. A GRAND COUNCIL HELD BETWEEN THE ELDERS AND INDIAN CHIEFS. A COVENANT IS MADE BETWEEN THEM, AND LAND GRANTED BY THE INDIANS TO THEIR MORMON BROTHERS. CHARACTERISTIC SPEECH ES OF FAMOUS INDIAN CHEIFS. WINTER QUARTERS ORGANIZED. THE GOVERN- MENT AT FIRST CONFIRMS THE INDIAN PERMISSION TO THE MORMONS AND THEN SEEKS TO EJECT THEM. OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE. JUDGE KANE AND HIS SON. WITH THE DEPARTURE OF THE BATTALION VANISHED ALL EXPECTATION OF GO- ING TO THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS THAT YEAR, AND THE ELDERS IMMEDIATELY SET TO WORK TO LOCATE AND BUILD THEIR WINTER QUARTERS. THEIR FIRST BUSINESS WAS TO ORGANIZE THE HIGH COUNCIL OF A'TRAVEL- ING STAKE OF ZION.' THIS WAS DONE AT COUNCIL BLUFFS, JULY 21 ST, WITH FATHER MORELY AT THE HEAD TWELVE INCORPORATED HIGH PRIESTS. THE INDIANS WELCOMED THEIR'MORMON BROTHERS' WITH A TOUCH OF DRAMAT- IC PATHOS. "THEY WOULD HAVE BEEN PLEASED," SAID COL. KANE, "WITH ANY WHITES WHO WOULD NOT CHEAT THEM, NOR SELL THEM WHISKEY, NOR WHIP THEM FOR THEIR POOR GIPSEY HABITS, NOR BEAR THEM INDECENTLY TOWARD THEIR WO- MEN, MANY OF WHOM AMONG THE POTTAWATAMIES ESPECIALLY THOSE OF NEARLY UNMIXED FRENCH DESCENT, ARE SINGULARLY COMELY, AND SOME OF THEM EDUCATED. BUT ALL INDIANS HAVE SOMETHING LIKE A SENTIMENT OF REVERENCE FOR THE IN- ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p059.jpg) SANE, AND ADMIRE THOSE WHO SACRIFICE, WITHOUT APPARENT MOTIVE, THEIR WORLDLY WELFARE TO THE TRIUMPH OF AN IDEA. THEY UNDERSTAND THE MEANING OF WHAT THEY CALL A GREAT VOW, AND THINK IT THE DUTY OF THE RIGHT-MINDED TO LIGHTEN THE VOTARY'S PENANCE UNDER IT. TO THIS FEELING THEY UNITED THE SYMPATHY OF FELLOW SUFFERERS FOR THOSE WHO COULD TALK TO THEM OF THEIR OWN ILLINOIS, AND TELL THE STORY HOW FROM IT THEY ALSO HAD BEEN RUTHLESS- LY EXPELLED. " THEIR HOSPITALITY WAS SINCERE, ALMOST DELICATE. FANNY LE CLERE, THE SPOILED CHILD OF THE GREAT BRAVE, PIED RICHE, INTERPRETER OF THE NA- TION, WOULD HAVE THE PALE FACE MISS DIVINE LEARN DUETTS WITH HER TO THE GUITAR; AND THE DAUGHTER OF SUBSTANTIAL JOSEPH LA FRAMBOISE, THE INTER- PRETER OF THE UNITED STATES, --SHE DIED OF THE FEVER THAT SUMMER--WELCOMED ALL THE NICEST YOUNG MORMON KITTIES AND LIZZIES AND JENNIES AND SUSANS, TO A COFFEE FEAST AT HER FATHER'S HOUSE, WHICH WAS PROBABLY THE BEST CAB- IN IN THE RIVER VILLAGE. THEY MADE THE MORMONS AT HOME THERE AS ELSE- WHERE. UPON ALL THEY FORMALLY GAVE THEM LEAVE TO TARRY JUST SO LONG AS IT SUITED THEIR OWN GOOD PLEASURE. "THE AFFAIR, OF COURSE, FURNISHED MATERIAL FOR A SOLEMN COUNCIL. UNDER THE AUSPICES OF AN OFFICER OF THE UNITED STATES, THEIR CHIEFS WERE SUMMONED, IN THE FORM BEFITTING GREAT OCCASIONS, TO MEET IN THE DIRTY YARD OF ONE MR. P. A. SARPY'S LOG TRADING HOUSE. AT THEIR VILLAGE. THEY CAME IN GRAND TOILET, MOVING IN THEIR FANTASTIC ATTIRE WITH AS MUCH APIOMB AND GENTEEL MEASURE. THAT THE STRANGER FOUND IT DIFFICULT NOT TO BELIEVE THEM HIGH BORN GENTLEMEN. ATTENDING A COSTUMED BALL. THEIR ARISTOCRATICALLY THIN LEGS, OF WHICH THEY DISPLAYED FULLY THE USUAL IN- DIAN PROPORTION. AIDED THIS ILLUSION. THERE IS SOMETHING, TOO, AT ALL TIMES VERY MOCK-INDIAN IN THE THEATRICAL FRENCH MILLINERY TIC OF THE POT- TAWATAMIE TURBAN; WHILE IT IS NEXT TO IMPOSSIBLE FOR A SOBER WHITEMAN, ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p060.jpg) AT FIRST SIGHT, TO BELIEVE THAT THE RED, GREEN, BLACK, BLUE, AND YELLOW COSMETICS, WITH WHICH HE SEES SUCH GRAVE PERSONAGES SO VARIOUSLY DOTTED, DIAPERED, CANCELLED, AND ARABESQUED, ARE WORN BY THEM IN ANY MOOD BUT ONE OF THE DEEPEST AND MOST DESPERATE QUIZZING. FROM THE TIME OF THEIR FIRST SQUAT UPON THE GROUND, TO THE FINAL BREAKING UP OF THE COUNCIL CIR- CLE, THEY SUSTAINED THEIR CHARACTERS WITH EQUAL SELF POSSESSION AND AD- DRESS. "I WILL NOT TAKE IT UPON MYSELF TO DESCRIBE THEIR ORDER OF CEREMO- NIES; INDEED IT OUGHT NOT, SINCE I HAVE NEVER BEEN ABLE TO VIEW THE HAB- ITS AND CUSTOMS OF OUR ABORIGINES IN ANY OTHER LIGHT THAN THAT OF A RE- LUCTANT AND SORROWFUL SUBJECT OF JEST. BESIDES, IN THIS INSTANCE, THE DISPLAYS OF POW WOW AND ELOQUENCE WERE BOTH PROBABLY MODERATED, BY THE CONDUCT OF THE ENTIRE TRANSACTION ON TEMPERANCE PRINCIPALS. I THERE- FORE CONTANT MYSELF WITH OBSERVING GENERALLY, THAT THE PROCEEDINGS WERE SUCH AS EVERY WAY BECAME THE GRANDUER OF THE PARTIES INTERESTED, AND THE MAGNITUDE OF THE INTERESTS INVOLVED. WHEN THE RED MEN HAD INDULGED TO SATIETY IN TOBACCO SMOKE FROM THEIR PEACE PIPES, AND IN WHAT THEY LOVE STILL BETTER THEIR PECULIAR METAPHORIC RODOMONTADE, WHICH BEGINNING WITH CELESTIAL BODIES, AND COURSING DOWNWARDS OVER THE GRANDEST SUBLUNARY OB- JECTS ALWAYS MANAGED TO ALIGHT AT LEAST ON THEIR GRAND FATHER POLK, AND THE TENDERNESS FOR HIM OF HIS AFFECTIONATE COLLORED CHILDREN; ALL THE SOLEMN YOUNG FELLOWS PRESENT, WHO PLAYED THE PART OF CHIEFS, SIGNED FOR- MAL ARTICLES OF CONVENTION WITH THIER UNPRONOUNCEABLE NAMES. "THE RENOWNED CHIEF PIED RICHE HE WAS SURNAMED LE CLERC ON ACCOUNT OF HIS REMARKABLE SCHOLARSHIP,--THEN ROSE AND SAID: "MY MORMON BRETHRON. THE POTTAWATAMIE CAME SAD AND TIRED INTO THIS UNHEALTHY MISSOURI BOTTOM, NOT MANY YEARS BACK, WHEN HE WAS TAKEN FROM HIS BEAUTIFUL COUNTRY ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p061.jpg) BEYOND THE MISSISSIPPI, WHICH HAS ABUNDANT GAME AND TIMBER, AND CLEAR WATER EVERYWHERE. NOW YOU ARE DRIVEN AWAY THE SAME FROM YOUR LODGES AND LANDS THERE, AND THE GRAVES OF YOUR PEOPLE, SO WE HAVE BOTH SUFFERED. WE MUST HELP ONE ANOTHER, AND THE GREAT SPIRIT WILL HELP US BOTH. YOU ARE NOW FREE TO CUT AND USE ALL THE WOOD YOU MAY WISH. YOU CAN MAKE YOUR IMPROVEMENTS, AND LIVE ON ANY PART OF OUR ACTUAL LAND NOT OCCUPIED BY US. BECAUSE ONE SUFFERS AND DOES NOT DESERVE IT, IS NO REASON HE SHOULD SUFFER ALWAYS. I SAY! WE MAY LIVE TO SEE ALL RIGHT YET. HOW- EVER, IF WE DO NOT, OUR CHILDREN WILL.--BON JOUR!" AND THUS ENDED THE PAGEANT. THIS SPEECH WAS RECITED TO COL. KANE AFTER THE TREATY BY THE POTTAWATAMIE ORATOR IN FRENCH, WHICH LANGUAGE HE SPOKE WITH ELOQUENCE. BUT THE MORMONS HAD MOST TO DO WITH THE OMAHA INDIANS, FOR THEY LO- CATED THEIR CAMPS ON BOTH THE EAST AND THE WEST SIDES OF THE MISSOURI - RIVER. WINTER QUARTERS PROPER WAS ON THE WEST SIDE, FIVE MILES ABOVE OMAHA OF TO-DAY. IT HAS SINCE DWINDLED FROM A MORMON CITY TO THE PRE- SENT FLORENCE. THERE ON A PRETTY PLATEAU, OVERLOOKING THE RIVER, THEY BUILT IN A FEW MONTHS MORE THAN SEVEN HUNDRED HOUSES, NEATLY LAID OUT WITH HIGHWAYS AND BYWAYS, AND FORTIFIED WITH BREAST-WORK, STOCKADE AND BLOCKHOUSES. IT HAS, TOO, ITS PLACE OF WORSHIP, TABERNACLE OF THE CON- GREGATION," FOR IN EVERYTHING THEY DID THEY KEPT UP THEIR CHARACTER OF THE MODERN ISRAEL. THE INDUSTRIAL CHARACTER OF THE PEOPLE ALSO TYPED IT- SELF IN THEIR CITY IN THE WILDERNESS WHICH SPRANG UP AS BY MAGIC, FOR IT COULD BOAST OF LARGE WORKSHOPS, AND MILLS AND FACTORIES PROVIDED WITH WA- TER POWER. THEY STILED IT A'STAKE OF ZION!' IT WAS THE PRINCIPAL STAKE TOO, SEVERAL OTHERS, SUCH AS GARDEN GROVE AND MOUNT PISGAH HAVING ALREADY BEEN ESTABLISHED ON THE ROUTE. THE SETTLEMENT OF HEAD QUARTERS BROUGHT THE MORMONS INTO PECULIAR ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p062.jpg) RELATIONSHIP WITH THE OMAHAS. A GRAND COUNCIL WAS ALSO HELD BETWEEN THEIR CHIEFS AND THE ELDERS. BIG ELK MADE A CHARACTERISTIC SPEECH FOR THE OCCASION, YET NOT SO DISTINGUISHED IN ITS INDIAN ELOQUENCE AS THAT OF LE CLERC. BIG ELK SAID IN RESPONSE TO PRESIDENT YOUNG: "MY SON,--THOU HAST SPOKEN WELL. I HAVE ALL THOU HAST SAID IN MY HEART. I HAVE MUCH I WANT TO SAY. WE ARE POOR. WHEN WE GO TO HUNT GAME IN ONE PLACE, WE MEET AN ENEMY, AND SO IN ANOTHER PLACE. OUR ENE- MIES KILL US. WE DO NOT KILL THEM. I HOPE WE WILL BE FRIENDS. YOU MAY STAY ON THESE LANDS TWO YEARS OR MORE. OUR YOUNG MEN MAY WATCH YOUR CATTLE. WE WOULD BE GLAD TO HAVE YOU TRADE WITH US. WE WILL WARN YOU OF DANGER FROM OTHER INDIANS." THE COUNCIL CLOSED WITH AN EXCELLENT FEELING; THE PAUPER OMAHAS WERE TREATED TO A FEAST, VERY GRACIOUS EVEN TO THE PRINCELY APPETITE OF BIG ELK AND THEN THEY RETURNED TO THEIR WIGWAMS, SATISFIED FOR THE TIME WITH THE DISPENSATION OF THE GREAT SPIRIT, WHO HAD SENT THEIR MORMON BRETHREN"IN- TO THEIR COUNTRY TO CARE FOR AND PROTECT THEM FROM THEIR ENEMIES THE WAR- LIKE SOUIX. THE OMAHAS, WERE READY TO SOLICIT AS A FAVOR THE RESIDENCE OF WHITE PROTECTORS AMONG THEM. THE MORMONS HARVESTED AND STORED AWAY FOR THEM THEIR CROPS OF MAIZE; WITH ALL THEIR OWN POVERTY THEY SPARED THEM FOOD ENOUGH BESIDES, FROM TIME TO TIME, TO SAVE THEM FROM ABSOLUTELY STARVING; AND THEIR ENTRENCHED CAMP TO THE NORTH OF THE OMAHA VILLAGES, SERVED AS A SORT OF BREAKWATER BETWEEN THEM AND THE DESTROYING RUSH OF THE SIOUX. BUT THE MORMONS WERE AS CAREFUL, IN THEIR SETTLEMENT ON INDIAN LANDS, AS THEY HAD BEEN IN THE BATTALION CASE, TO MAKE THEIR CONDUCT IRREPROACH- ABLE IN THE EYES OF THE GENERAL GOVERNMANT, AND TO DO NOTHING, EVEN IN THEIR DIREST NECESSITIES, THAT WOULD NOT FORCE THE SANCTION OF THE NATION. THEY WERE, THEREFORE, PARTICULAR IN OBTAINING COVENANTS FROM THE INDIANS ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p063.jpg) AND FORWARDING THEM TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. HERE IS THE C COVENANT OF THE OMAHAS: "WEST SIDE OF THE MISSOURI RIVER, NEAR COUNCIL BLUFFS, AUGUST 31, 1846. WE THE UNDERSIGNED CHIEFS AND BRAVES, REPRESENTATIVES OF THE OMAHA NATION OF INDIANS, DO HEREBY GRANT TO THE MORMON PEOPLE THE PRIVILEGE OF TARRYING UPON OUR LANDS, FOR TWO YEARS OR MORE, OR AS LONG AS MAY SUIT THEIR CONVENIENCE, FOR THE PURPOSE OF MAKING THE NECESSARY PREPARATIONS, TO PROSECUTE THEIR JOURNEY WEST OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS, PROVIDED THAT OUR GREAT FATHER, THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, SHALL NOT COUNSEL US TO THE CONTRARY. "AND WE ALSO DO GRANT UNTO THEM THE PRIVILEGE OF USING ALL THE WOOD AND TIMBER THAT THEY SHALL REQUIRE. "WE FURHTERMORE AGREE THAT WE WILL NOT MOLEST OR TAKE FROM THEM THEIR CATTLE, HORSES, SHEEP, OR ANY OTHER PROPERTY. BIG ELK HIS + MARK STANDING ELK HIS + MARK LITTLE CHIEF HIS + MARK ON THIS MATTER BRIGHAM WROTE HIMSELF TO THE PRESIDENT IN BEHALF OF HIS PEOPLE. "TO JAMES K. POLK PRESIDENT U. S. NEAR COUNCIL BLUFFS, CUTTLER,S PARK, OMAHA NATION, SEP. 7, 1846. SIR:--SINCE OUR COMMUNICATION OF THE NINTH TO YOUR EXCELLENCY, THE OMAHA INDIANS HAVE RETURNED FROM THEIR SUMMER HUNT, AND WE HAVE HAD AN ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p064.jpg) INTERVIEW IN GENERAL COUNCIL WITH THEIR CHIEFS AND BRAVES, WHO EXPRESSED A WILLINGNESS THAT WE SHOULD TARRY ON THEIR LANDS, AND USE WHAT WOOD AND TIMBER WOULD BE NECESSARY FOR OUR CONVENIENCE, WHILE WE WERE PREPARING TO PROSECUTE OUR JOURNEY, AS MAY BE SEEN FROM A DUPLICATE OF THEIRS TO US OF THE 31, OF AUGUST, WHICH WILL BE PRESENTED TO COL.KANE. "IN COUNCIL THEY WERE MUCH MORE SPECIFIC THAN IN THEIR WRITINGS, AND BIG ELK IN BEHALF OF HIS NATION, REQUESTED US TO LEND THEM TEAMS TO DRAW THEIR CORN AT HARVEST, AND HELP KEEP IT AFTER IT WAS DEPOSITED, TO ASSIST THEM IN BUILDING HOUSES, MAKING FIELDS, DOING SOME BLACKSMITHING &C. AND TO TEACH SOME OF THEIR YOUNG MEN TO DO THE SAME, AND ALSO KEEP SOME GOODS AND TRADE WITH THEM WHILE WE TARRIED AMONG THEM. "WE RESPONDED TO ALL THEIR WISHES IN THE SAME SPIRIT OF KINDNESS MANIFESTED BY THEM, AND TOLD THEM WE WOULD DO THEM ALL THE GOOD WE COULD, WITH THE SAME PROVISO, THEY MADE, IF THE PRESIDENT WAS WILLING: AND THIS IS WHY WE WRITE. "HITHERTO WE HAVE KEPT ALOOF FROM ALL INDIAN INTERCOURSE EXCEPT IN COUNCILS, AS REFERRED TO, AND GIVING THEM A FEW BEEVES WHEN HUNGRY, BUT WE HAVE THE MEANS OF DOING THEM A FAVOR BY INSTRUCTING THEM IN AGRICUL- TURE AND MECHANICAL ARTS &C. IF IT IS DESIRABLE. "IT MIGHT SUBJECT US TO SOME INCONVENIENCE, IN OUR IMPOVRISHED SIT- UATION, TO PROCURE GOODS FOR THEIR ACCOMODATION; AND YET, IF WE CAN DO IT, WE MIGHT IN RETURN RECEIVE AS MANY SKINS AND FIRS AS WOULD PROVE A VALUA- BLE TEMPORARY SUBSTITUTE FOR WORN OUT CLOTHING AND TENTS IN OUR CAMP, WHICH WOULD BE NO SMALL BLESSING. "A SMALL DIVISION OF OUR CAMP IS SOME TWO OR THREE HUNDRED MILES WEST OF THIS ON THE RUSH BOTTOMS AMONG THE PUNCAWS WHERE SIMILAR FEELINGS ARE MANIFESTED TOWARDS OUR PEOPLE. "SHOULD YOUR EXCELLENCY CONSIDER THE REQUESTS OF THE INDIANS FOR IN- ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p065.jpg) STRUCTION &C. REASONABLE, AND SIGNIFY THE SAME TO US, WE WILL GIVE THEM ALL THE INFORMATION IN MECHANISM AND FARMING THE NATURE OF THE CASE WILL ADMIT, WHICH WILL GIVE US THE OPPORTUNITY OF GETTING THE ASSISTANCE OF THEIR MEN TO HELP US HERD AND LABOR, WHICH WE HAVE MUCH NEEDED SINCE THE ORGANIZATION OF THE BATTALION. "A LICENCE GIVING US PERMISSION TO TRADE WITH THE INDIANS, WHILE WE ARE TARRYING ON OR PASSING THROUGH THEIR LANDS, MADE OUT IN THE NAME OF NEWEL K. WHITNEY OUR AGENT IN CAMP, WOULD BE A FAVOR TO OUR PEOPLE AND OUR RED NEIGHBORS, ALL OF WHICH IS SUBMITTED TO YOUR EXCELLENCY'S CONSID- ERATION AND THE CONFIDENCE OF COL.KANE. DONE IN BEHALF OF THE COUNCIL OF THE CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LAT- TER-DAY SAINTS AT THE TIME AND PLACE BEFORE MENTIONED AND CAMP OF ISRAEL. MOST RESPECTFULLY, BRIGHAM YOUNG PREST. WILLARD RICHARDS CLERK. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p066.jpg) AT THE TIME OF WHICH I WRITE COLONEL THOMAS L. KANE WAS LYING SICK IN THE "CAMP OF ISRAEL" AT HEAD QUARTERS. THE MINISTERING HAND OF THE MORMONS SMOOTHED HIS PILLOW, AND THEIR FAITH AND PRAYERS WOOED HIS SPIRIT BACK TO NEW LIFE. THEIR PROPHETIC ASSURANCES THAT HE HAD A DESTINY TO FULFIL, AND THAT HIS DAYS SHOULD BE LENGTHENED, CONTRARY TO ALL HIS EX- PECTATIONS, MUST IN HIS ROMANTIC SURROUNDINGS, HAVE BEEN SINGULARLY FAS- C CINATING TO A MAN LIKE THE BROTHER OF THE FAMOUS AR^TIC EXPLORER. HE WAS WITH A VERITABLE ISRAEL IN THE WILDERNESS --- A PEOPLE FLEEING FROM THEIR EGYPT, WITH A FAITH AND TRUST IN THEIR GOD MORE CONSTANT AND EXALTED THAN THAT OF THE ANCIENT PEOPLE, FOR THERE WAS NO MURMURING AMONG THESE AGAINST THE HAND THAT WAS DELIVERING THEM, AT A GREAT SACRIFICE, WHICH THEY THEMSELVES WERE PAYING, --- NO REBELLION AGAINST THEIR MOSES, --- NO HUNGERING FOR THE FAT OF THE LAND OF THE GENTILE THAT THEY WERE LEAVING BEHIND. OUR FRIEND WAS WITH THEM ON A CROWNING OCCASION. IT GAVE TO HIM A TASTE OF THE SPIRIT OF THAT BROTHER-AND-SISTERHOOD, WHICH WAS BEAR- ING THEM THROUGH AN HISTORIC DRAMA THAT RISES ABOVE EVEN TRAGIC SUBLIMITY AND HE HIMSELF WAS A SUBJECT OF THAT MINISTERING TENDERNESS THAT TOOK COMFORT IN POURING SALVATION UPON ANOTHER'S HEAD. HE LEARNED MORE OF THE MORMONS THUS SYMPATHETICALLY, WITHOUT ACTUAL CHANGE FROM HIS PRESBY- TERIAN FAITH, THAN A QUARTER OF A CENTURY'S COLD INVESTIGATION WOULD HAVE GIVEN HIM. AND NOBLY HAS THEIR FRIEND PADE THEM BACK, WHILE EVERY DAY HAS ENSHRINED HIM DEEPER IN THE MORMONS HEART AND RENDERED HIS NAME AS SACRED AS THAT OF A HOUSEHOLD DEITY. IT WILL BE REMEMBERED THAT COL. KANE CAME WEST BEARING DESPATCHES FROM THE GOVERNMENT TO GENERAL KEARNEY, RELATIVE TO THE CALL OF THE MOR- MON BATTALION AND THE EXPIDITION TO CALIFORNIA TO POSSESS THAT COUNTRY. HIS SICKNESS IN THE MORMON CAMP HINDERED HIS FURTHER JOURNEY TOWARDS THE ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p067.jpg) LAND THAT SOON AFTERWARDS BECAME THE EL DORADO OF THE NATION. AS HE GREW CONVELESCENT HE BECAME ANXIOUS FOR HIS MORMON FRIENDS, LEST, SHOULD A RELAPSE TAKE HIM OFF, THEY SHOULD BE CHARGED WITH HIS DEATH SO HE SENT TO FORT LEAVENWORTH FOR A PHYSICIAN. DR. EDES OBEYED THE SUMMONS AND GAVE A CERTIFICATE TO DR. RICHARDS THE CHURCH HISTORIAN, TESTIFYING OF THE UNCOMMON CARE OF THE MORMONS FOR THE PATIENT. WHAT A COMMENT IS THIS SUGGESTIVE CERTIFICATE UPON MORMON HISTORY! IMAGINE THE DEATH OF THEIR BEST AND MOST CONSTANT FRIEND CHARGED IN THE ACCOUNT OF THEIR CRIMES! YET IS THE CASE OF GUNNISON A VERY SIMILAR ONE. HE WAS MURDERED BY THE MORMONS --- SO THEY SAY --- THAT GUNNISON WHO AL- MOST SANG PSALMS TO THE MORMONS PRAISE. AND HAD COL. KANE DIED AT WIN- TER QUARTERS, TWENTY-NINE YEARS AGO, BRIGHAM YOUNG MIGHT HAVE STOOD BUT YESTERDAY, INDICTED FOR HIS MURDER IN THE IMMACULATE COURT OF JUDGE MC. KEAN. BUT THEIR FRIEND WAS SPARED AND THE MISSION HE TOOK UPON HIMSELF IN THIS PEOPLE'S BEHALF WAS NOBLY FORWARDED BY HIS HONORABLE FATHER. THE LETTERS OF JUDGE KANE TO HIS SON AT THE TIME DESERVE AN EVERLASTING RECORD. THEY ARE MOREOVER IMPORTANT HISTORICAL LINKS NECESSARY TO HAR- MONIZE THE VIEWS OF RELATIONS WITH THE GOVERNMENT. HERE IS THE FIRST "PHILADELPHIA 10 AUG. 1846. "MY DEAR SON, YOUR LETTER OF THE 23RD OF JULY REACHED ME YESTERDAY. I HAVE LOST NO TIME IN MAKING THE APPEAL TO THE PRESIDENT FOR THE PERMIS- SION TO REMAIN; AND BEFORE THE END OF THIS WEEK MY COURT BEING ABOUT TO ADJOURN FOR A FORTNIGHT, I SHALL SEE HIM AND TAKE CARE THAT THE THING IS DONE. THE FORM OF COURSE IS IMMATERIAL, BUT IN SUBSTANCE ALL SHALL BE RIGHT." "I AM SINCERELY HAPPY AT THE PROSPECT THERE IS OF DOING GOOD TO THE SUFFERERS FOR CONSCIENCE SAKE. YOU SAY RIGHT, THAT YOU HAVE NOT ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p068.jpg) LIVED IN VAIN IF YOU CAN GUARD ONE INDIVIDUAL FROM OUTRAGE, OR ONE HEART FROM ANXIETY. IT IS WORTH THE HAZARD AND THE SUFFERING; FOR IT WILL MAKE YOUR PILLOW SMOOTHER AT LAST, EVEN THOUGH IT BE THE ROUGH GRASS OF THE WILDERNESS WITHOUT A MOTHER'S BLESSING, OR THE PRESSURE OF A FATHER'S HAND. GOD BE WITH YOU ALWAYS TO PROTECT AND CHEER YOU MY BOY IN YOUR PIL- GRIMAGE OF MERCY, AND BRING YOU BACK TO US IN HIS OWN GOOD SEASON, TO OUR COMFORT AND PRIDE. J. K. KANE. PHILADELPHIA, 10 AUGUST, 1846." THE JUDGE PERSONALLY LAID THE MATTER BEFORE THE PRESIDENT, AS PROM- ISED, AND THEN WROTE: "DEAR SON, WE HAVE JUST RECEIVED YOUR LETTER OF THE 19TH. AUGUST, DATED AT THE CAMP OF THE OMAHA COUNTRY. THANK GOD IT IS NO WORSE; [-]REFERRING TO HIS SON'S SICKNESS [-] AND THAT WE ARE TO HAVE YOU BACK AGAIN AMONG US. ALL THAT WE HAVE TO PRAY AGAINST IS A RELAPSE. WE SHALL LOOK WITH INTENSE ANXIETY FOR YOUR LETTER FROM NAUVOO OR GALENA, WHICH WE OUGHT TO RECEIVE IN ABOUT THREE WEEKS. I SWA THE PRESIDENT LAST WEEK AND TALKED OVER THE WHOLE SUBJECT. HE ASSURED ME DEFINITELY THAT THE MORMONS SHALL NOT BE DISTURBED. TO- DAY I HAVE RECEIVED FROM THE WAR DEPARTMENT A COPY OF THE INSTRUCTIONS OF THE INDIAN BUREAU TO MAJOR HARVEY, AND I ENCLOSE THEM TO YOU BY THE PRESIDENT'S REQUEST. WE ARE ALL WELL. GOD BLESS YOU, MOST AFFECTIONATELY, YOUR FATHER AND FRIEND, J. K. KANE. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p069.jpg) THE INSTRUCTIONS WERE DULY SENT TO THE SUPERINTENDANT OF INDIAN AF- FAIRS AT ST. LOUIS. BUT MAJOR HARVEY STANGELY INTERPRETED HIS INSTRUCTIONS. HE VIS- ITED PRESIDENT YOUNG ON THE 1ST. OF NOVEMBER. HE HAD LETTERS FROM WASH- INGTON, HE SAID. "THE DEPARTMENT EXPECTED THE MORMONS TO LEAVE THE INDIAN LANDS IN THE SPRING. "WHAT REASON HAD THEY FOR STOPPING THERE AT ALL?" HARVEY WISHED TO KNOW. BRIGHAM YOUNG TOLD HIM THE REASON: THE READER CAN GUESS IT. THE SOLDIERS OF THE BATTALION COULD HAVE AN- SWERED, ALSO, HAD THEY BEEN PRESENT. BUT PRESIDENT YOUNG INFORMED THE SUPERINTENDANT THAT THE MORMONS SHOULD NOT MOVE FROM EITHER SIDE OF THE RIVER TILL THE SPRING, AND REQUESTED A COPY OF THE INSTRUCTIONS FROM THE DEPARTMENT. A CONFIDENTIAL SCRIBE WAS SENT TO THE SUB AGENCY FOR IT: HE RETURNED WITH THE FOLLOWING: COUNCIL BLUFFS, SUB AGENCY, NOV. 5TH., 1846 SIR: YOUR COMMUNICATION OF THE 3RD. INST. WAS RECEIVED ON YESTERDAY. MR. CLAYTON IS FURNISHED WITH THE LETTER, OF THE COMMISSIONER, INDIAN AFFAIRS, OF SEP. 3RD., FOR THE PURPOSE OF COPYING. MY ENGAGEMENTS HERE WILL NOT PERMIT ME TO WRITE YOU BUT A LINE. I WOULD HOWEVER ADD THAT NO WHITE PERSONS ARE PERMITTED TO SETTLE ON THE LANDS OF THE INDIANS, WITHOUT AUTHORITY OF THE GOVERNMENT. YOUR PARTY BEING MORMONS DOES NOT CONSTI- TUTE THE OBJECTION, BUT THE FACT OF YOUR BEING THERE WITHOUT THE AUTHOR- ITY OF GOVERNMENT. IN THE EXECUTION OF MY DUTY, I KNOW NO SECTS OR PARTIES, AND I AM SURE THE GOVERNMENT AT WASHINGTON ACTS UPON THE SAME PRINCIPLE. I MAY WRITE YOU MORE PARTICULARLY ON MY RETURN TO ST. LOUIS, WHERE I SHALL HAVE ALL THE CORRESPONDENCE ON THE SUBJECT BEFORE ME. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p070.jpg) I HAVE THE HONOR TO BE, VERY RESPECTFULLY, YOUR OBT. SERVANT, W. H. HARVEY, SUP. IND. AFFAIRS. THIS WAS ADDRESSED TO THE HIGH COUNCIL, AND THAT BODY IN REPLY WROTE A VERY POWERFUL AND TOUCHING LETTER TO THE SUPERINTENDANT IN THE NAME OF THE PEOPLE. AT THIS JUNCTURE, WILLIAM KIMBALL ARRIVED WITH THE MAIL BRINGING THE OFFICAL DOCUMENTS FROM THE DEPARTMENT, ENCLOSED TO JUDGE KANE, GIVING PERMISSION TO THE MORMONS TO REMAIN, WITH THE FOLLOWING ALSO FROM COL. KANE TO PRESIDENT YOUNG: "NAUVOO, ILLINOIS, SEPTEMBER 22ND., 1846. MY DEAR FRIEND, AS MY MIND IS CONFUSED BY THE EFFECT OF OVER EXERCISE THIS HOT DAY UPON MY DISEASE-SHATTERED FRAME, I FORWARD TO YOU IN ORIGI- NAL OR COPY, ALL THE ENCLOSURES WHICH I HAVE RECEIVED FROM MY FATHER, THAT THEY MAY TELL THEIR ONW STORY BETTER THAN I AM ABLE TO DO IT FOR THEM. I DO NOT, YOU MAY BELIEVE, DENY MYSELF THE PLEASURE OF WRITING TO YOU AT LENGTH WITHOUT RELUCTANCE; BUT THE PA[-] I HAVE AT PRESENT IN MY HEAD IS REALLY SO ACUTE THAT YOU MUST TAKE MY HONEST WISH TO DO SO, FOR THE DEED ITSELF, WITH REGARD TO THE CLAUSES, WHICH FOR CONVENIENCE I HAVE MARKED WITH ASTERISKS, IN THE COMMUNICATION OF MEDILL TO MAJOR HARVEY OF ST. LOUIS, I NEED ONLY OBSERVE THAT THE FIRST SHOWS THAT CAPT. ALLEN'S REPORT, WHICH FULLY NARRATED YOUR OBJECTS AND INTENTIONS ALLUDED TO, HAS IN ALL PROBABILITY NEVER BEEN DESPATCHED TO WASHINGTON, INASMUCH AS THE DATE OF MEDILL'S LETTER TO MY FATHER IS AS LATE AS SEPTEMBER 3RD.; AND THAT THE ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p071.jpg) SECOND AND THIRD SUGGEST IT TO ME TO REMIND YOU THAT I HAVE WITH ME, IN CASE OF PERSONAL ACCIDENT, DOCUMENTS IN THE NATURE OF VOUCHERS ETC., NOT ONLY FROM MITCHELL, THE SUB-AGENT IN QUESTION, WHO IS PLEDGED TO ME PER- SONALLY, BUT FROM ALL HAVING INFLUENCE OR AUTHORITY IN THE UPPER MISSOURI COUNTRY, WHICH ARE EVERY WAY SATISFACTORY TO US IN THEIR NATURE. YOU SEE, THEREFORE, THAT YOU NEED APPREHEND NO MORE FROM ANY INSTRUCTIONS TO HARVEY OR MITCHELL, SUCH AS THOSE WHICH I FEAR ALARMED YOU A LITTLE AT THE TIME OF MY DEPARTURE. I AM GETTING TO BELIEVE MORE AND MORE EVERY DAY, AS MY STRENGTH RETURNS, THAT I AM SPARED BY GOD FOR THE LABOR OF DOING YOU JUSTICE; BUT IF I AM DECEIVED, COMFORT YOURSELF AND YOUR PEOPLE, WITH THE KNOWLEDGE THAT MY SICKNESS IN YOUR MIDST HAS TOUCHED THE CHORDS OF NOBLE FEELING IN A BRAVE HEART; AND THAT EVEN IF I DO NOT SUCCEED IN GETTING HOME IN PER- SON TO SECURE YOUR RIGHTS, --- MY PAPERS ARE NOW SO ARRANGED THAT MY FA- THER WILL FIND IT LITTLE MORE TROUBLE TO DO YOU SERVICE THAN YOURS SINCERELY, THOMAS L. KANE GENERAL BRIGHAM YOUNG. THE ANSWER TO THIS BY WILLARD RICHARDS; THE CHURCH HISTORIAN, WILL AT ONCE BE FINELY DESCRIPTIVE OF THE MORMONS AT WINTER QUARTERS, AND A COMPLEMENT OF THE VIEW OF THEIR RELATIONS WITH THE GOVERNMENT AND ITS AGENTS. WINTER QUARTERS, CAMP OF ISRAEL, OMAHA NATION. NOVEMBER 15, 1846. "MY DEAR COLONEL: ALTHOUGH NEAR MIDNIGHT, COLD AND WET, TORN-OUT TENT, WEARY AND SICK, I CANNOT LET THE MOMENT PASS WITHOUT ACKNOWLEDGING THE ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p072.jpg) RECEIPT OF YOUR LETTER OF THE 22ND., SEP. TO GEN., YOUNG, TWO DAYS SINCE ENCLOSED WITH JUDGE KANE'S TWO LETTERS TO YOURSELF, ALSO MR. MEDILL'S TO MAJOR HARVEY OF THE 2ND. SEP., AND MEDILL'S TO JUDGE KANE THE DAY FOL- LOWING. THE PACKAGE WAS UNACCOUNTABLY DELAYED, BUT BETTER LATE THAN NEVER, AND IT DID YOUR FRIENDS IN CAMP GOOD TO HEAR YOU WERE SO FAR ON YOUR JOURNEY, FULLY BELIEVING THAT ERE THIS YOU HAVE LANDED SAFE IN THE CITY OF BROTHERLY LOVE. I COULD NOT WELL DENY MYSELF COPIES OF YOUR FATHER'S LETTERS, WHICH I HEREWITH ENCLOSE, WITH THANKS FROM MYSELF AND BRETHREN. THESE LETTERS BREATHE THE SPIRIT OF A NOBLEMAN. THE COMMUNICATIONS FROM THE WAR OFFICE ARE AS SATISFACTORY AS WE COULD REASONABLY EXPECT, CONSIDERING THE PROBABLE INFORMATION THE EXECU- TIVE WAS IN POSSESSION OF AT THE TIME, AND PROVE MOST CLEARLY THAT THE PROMPT ACTION OF YOUR DEAR FATHER IN THE PREMISES WAS NOT MISPLACED. ISRAEL'S GOD WILL REWARD HIM AND YOU ALSO, FOR THE EAGLE EYE WITH WHICH YOU HAVE WATCHED FOR THE GOOD OF SUFFERING VIRTUE. WE ARE NEVER ALARMED AT ANY INSTRUCTION WHICH HAVE OR MAY BE GIVEN TO AGENTS CONCERNING US, FOR OUR CAUSE IS JUST, AND WE ARE DETAINED AT THIS POINT BY AN ACT OF THE PRESIDENT, WHICH HE INTENDED FOR OUR GOOD, AND WE HAVE NO DOUBT IT WILL THUS PROVE, THOUGH WE HAVE SUFFERED MUCH BY THE ABSENCE OF SO MANY MEN. MANY OF THE FAMILIES IN CAMP ARE NOW IN SMALL LOG OR TURF HOUSES, JUST FIT TO WARD OFF THE WINTER'S BLAST, AND MANY MORE WILL BE LIKE SIT- UATED SHOULD THE VERY MILD WEATHER CONTINUE TILL WINTER'S DAY. ON THE 1ST. INSTANT, MAJOR HARVEY, MITCHELL AND MILLER VISITED OUR CAMP. THEIR STA\Y WAS TOO BRIEF TO CALL A COUNCIL, INDEED I KNOW NOT IF ANY MEMBER KNEW OF THEIR PRESENCE, UNTIL THEY WERE ABSENT, EXCEPT GEN- ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p073.jpg) ERAL YOUNG, WHO MET THEM IN HIS YARD OR BY THE ROAD SIDE; AND MAJOR HAR- S VEY STATED THAT HE HAD COMMUNICATION FROM WASHINGTON, BUT HAD FORGOT TO BRING THEM; THAT THE UNITED STATES WANTED THE MORMONS TO REMOVE FROM POT- TOWATOMIE LANDS IN THE SPRING; AND HE MUCH REGRETTED THAT WE WERE NOT ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE RIVER. GENERAL YOUNG WISHED TO KNOW WHAT AD- VANTAGE THAT WOULD BE, IF WE WERE TO LEAVE THERE IN THE SPRING? BUT COULD GET NO SATISFACTION. THE HIGH COUNCIL OF THIS PLACE WROTE TO MAJOR HARVEY AT THE SUB AGENCY, WHERE HE WAS MAKING PAYMENTS, REQUESTING A COPY OF THE WASHINGTON DOCUMENTS, WHICH HE HAD PROFFERED TO GENERAL YOUNG WHEN OPPORTUNITY SHOULD PRESENT. AFTER A DAY OR TOW'S DELAY, THE MESSENGER, OR CONFIDEN- TIAL CLERK, SUCCEEDED IN TAKING A COPY, WHICH PROVED THE SAME AS THE ONE ENCLOSED BY YOU; ALSO RECEIVED A LETTER FROM MAJOR HARVEY, STATING "THAT NO WHITE PERSONS ARE PERMITTED TO SETTLE ON THE LANDS OF THE INDIANS, WITHOUT AUTHORITY OF THE GOVERNMENT. YOUR PARTY BEING MORMONS DOES NOT CONSTITUTE THE OBJECTION, BUT THE FACT OF YOUR BEING THERE WITHOUT THE AUTHORITY OF THE GOVERNMENT. IN THE EXECUTION OF MY DUTY I KNOW NO SECTS OR PARTIES, AND I AM SURE THE GOVERNMENT AT WASHINGTON ACTS UPON THE SAME PRINCIPLES,"--- LET THE SEQUEL ANSWER! DID NOT MAJOR HARVEY KNOW THAT IT WAS AN ACT OF GOVERNMENT THAT HAD CAUSED US TO SETTLE? IF A FEW LOG AND MUD HUTS CAN BE CALLED SETTLING! OR COULD HE HAVE REFERRED TO THE FEW POOR WHO HAD STOPPED ON THE POTTA- WATOMIE LANDS PREVIOUS TO RAISING THE BATTALION, WHEN HE HAD JUST BEEN URGING US TO FALL BACK ON THE SAID LANDS? PAY-DAY ARRIVED, AND MAJOR MITCHELL INFORMED THE CHIEFS THAT NO MORMON COULD HAVE ANY OF THE ANNUITIES; FOR THERE WERE ONE OR TWO HALF BREEDS OR FRENCH : I KNOW NOT WHICH : WHO HAD MARRIED AND BEEN ADOPTED INTO THE ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F14_p074.jpg) POTTAWATOMIE NATION AND BELIEVED IN MORMONISM. THE CHIEFS INFORMED HIM IT WAS NONE OF THEIR BUSINESS TO DECIDE WHO BELONGED TO THEIR NATION AND WERE TO RECEIVE ANNUITIES, AND IT WAS NONE OF HIS BUSINESS WHETHER THEY WERE CATHOLICS OR MORMONS OR METHODISTS OR ANYTHING ELSE. MITCHELL HAS WARNED ONE OF OUR BRETHREN OFF THE INDIAN LANDS, A GOOD MAN TOO, AND FOR NO REASON THAT CAN BE IMAGINED, ONLY HE IS A MORMON. MAJOR HARVEY IN INDIAN COUNCIL, SAID HE DID NOT APPROVE OF OUR BEING ON THIS SIDE OF THE RIVER, AND IF HE WAS TALL ENOUGH HE WOULD REMOVE US ACROSS THE RIVER. HE ALSO PROMISED THE OTOES A FARMER. THE INDIANS IMMEDIATELY POINTED OUT MR. CASE, WHO WAS PRESENT, AND WITH WHOM THEY HAD LONG BEEN ACQUAINTED, AS HE HAD BEEN A GOVERNMENT FARMER TO THE OTOES, PAWNEES AND OTHERS FOR ABOUT TWENTY YEARS, AND WANTED HIM; BUT THE MAJOR REFUSED AND SAID HE WOULD SEND WHOM HE PLEASED. YOU WILL RECOLLECT MR. CASE WAS THE GOVERNMENT FARMER AT PAWNEE, AND WAS BAPTIZED WHILE YOU WERE HERE. IMMEDIATELY MAJOR MILLER INFORMED MR. CASE, THAT MAJOR HARVEY INSTRUCTED HIM TO GIVE HIM HIS DISCHARGE, FROM THAT DAY, AND HE MUST CROSS THE RIVER; THAT MAJOR HARVEY HAD LEFT NO MONEY FOR HIS PAY : WHICH WAS [-]UE S[--]E TIME PREVIOUSLY : AND HE DID NOT KNOW WHY MAJOR HARVEY SHOULD DISCHARGE HIM, ONLY BECAUSE HE WAS A MORMON. NO REGARD TO SECTS OR PARTIES! BUT ENOUGH OF THIS FOR THE PRESENT TO GIVE YOU A CONJECTURE HOW LIT- TLE PETTY OFFICERS ARE CARRYING SAIL IN THE WEST. S I REMAIN WITH PRESIDENT^ YOUNG, KIMBALL AND THOUSANDS OF OTHERS, YOUR WARM FRIEND, WILLARD RICHARDS." ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F15_I2_p001.jpg) Relationship Name Born Residence Husband Brigham Young June 1st 1801 Utah County Wife Miriam Works Young Deceased Daughter Elizabeth Young Elsworth Sept 26 1825 13th " Ward S. L City Do Vilate do Decker June 1st 1830 12th " " " " " Wife Mary Ann Angel Young June 8th 1803 18th " " " " " Son Joseph Angell do. Oct 14th 1834 Richfield Severe Co Twin D. Mary Ann do. Dec 18th 1836 Deceased do. S. Brigham do. Jr. Dec 18th 1836 Logan Cache Co Daughter Alice Young Clawson Sept 4th 1839 13th " Ward S.L. City do Lima do Thatcher Aug 1st 1842 14th " " " " " Son John William Young Oct 1st 1844 13th " " " " " Wife Lucy Ann Decker Young May 17 1822 18th " " " " " Son Brigham Heber do June 19 1845 Soda Springs, Idaho Daughter Fanny G. Young Thatcher Jan 25 1849 18th " Ward S.L. City Son Earnest Irving Young Apr 29 1851 " " " " " Daughter Shamira do. Mar 21 1853 " " " " " Son Arta D. Crista. do. Apr 16 1855 " " " " " do Feramorz Little do. Sept 16 1857 " " " " " Daughter Clarissa Hamilton do. July 23 1859 " " " " " Wife Clara Decker Young July 22 1828 " " " " " Daughter Jennette R.Young Snell Dec 14 1849 " " " " " do Nabbie Howe Young Mar 22 1852 " " " " " Son Jedediah M. do. Jan 21 1855 " Deceased Do Jeddie Albert do. Jan 18 1858 " Deceased Daughter Charlotte Talula do. Mar 4 1861 " " " " " Wife Margrett Alley Young Deceased Daughter Eveline L. Young Davis July 30 1850 17th Ward S.L. City Son Mahonri Moriancemur Young Nov 1 1852 Richfield Severe Co Wife Emily D. Partridge Young Feb 28 1824 12th Ward S.L. City Daughter Emily N. Young Clawson Mar 1st 1849 " " " " " Son Edward Partridge Young Deceased Daughter Caroline Young Croxall Feb 1st 1851 14th " Ward S.L. City ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F15_I2_p002.jpg) Son Joseph Don Carlos Young Mar 6 1855 12th Ward S.L. City Daughter Miriam do. Oct 13 1858 " " " " " do Josephine do. Feb 21 1860 " " " " " do Lara do. Apr 2 1862 " " " " " Wife Hamet Amelia Folsom Young Aug 23 1838 18th " " " " " Wife Martha Bowker Young Jan 24 1822 " " " " " Wife Susanna Snivley Young Oct 30 1815 " " " " " Wife Margrett Pierce Young Apr 19 1823 " " " " " Son Morris do Jan 18 1854 " " " " " Wife Harriet E. Cook Young Nov 7th 1824 " " " " " Son Oscar Brigham do Feb 10th 1846 " " " " " Wife Naama K.J.C. [---]ss Young Mar 20 1821 " " " " " Wife Emeline Free Young Apr 28 1826 " " " " " Daughter Ella E. Young Empey Aug 31 1847 13th " " " " " do Marinda do. Conrad July 31 1849 18th " " " " " Son Hyrum Smith Young Jan 2 1851 " " " " " Daughter Emeline A Young McIntosh Feb 11th 1853 14th " " " " " do Louisa W. do. Harris Oct 31 1855 18th " " " " " Son Lorenzo Dale Young Sept 22 1857 13th " " " " " do Alonzo do. Dec 20 1859 " " " " " Daughter Ruth do. Mar 4 1861 " " " " " Son Samuel H. Wells do. Deceased Daughter Adella Elvira do. Oct 26 1864 13th " Ward S.L. City Wife Mary Van Cott Young Feb 2 1844 14th " " " " " Daughter Fanny do. do. do Jan 14 1870 " " " " " Wife Harriet E. Barney Young Oct 13 1830 " " " " " Son Phineas Howe do Feb 15 1862 " " " " " Wife Zina D. Huntington Young Jan 31 1821 13th " " " " " Daughter Zina P. Young Williams Apr 3 1850 " " " " " Wife Ann Eliza Webb Young Sept 13 1844 " " " " " Wife Ellen Rockwood Young Deceased Wife Clara Chase Young Deceased Daughter Mary E. Young Croxall Deceased ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F15_I2_p003.jpg) Relationship Name Born Residence Daughter Mirna Young Dongall Dec 10 1849 17th " Ward S.L. City Son Willard Young April 30 1852 West Point N.Y. Daughter Phoebe Young Batie Aug 1st 1854 14th Ward S.L. City Wife Eliza R. Snow Young 1802 18th " " " " " Wife Eliza Burgess Young Dec 8th 1827 Provo City Utah Co. Son Alfalus do. Oct 3rd 1853 " " " " " Wife Lucy Biglow Young Oct 3rd 1830 St. George Washington Co Daughter Dora Young Dunford May 12 1852 17th Ward S.L. City do. Susa do do Mar 18 1854 " " " " " do. Rhoda Young May 5 1863 St. George Washington Co ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F15_I2_p004.jpg) M. Family Record To May 1873 Drawn up by John W Young and revised by Prest. Brigham Young: Contains the names of all his wives and children considered by him to be legitimate Delivered to Gen Kane May 20th 1873 B.Y. Jr Received May 20. 73 Th. L. Kane ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F15_I3_p001.jpg) Memorandum of Interview with H. G. Clay, Esq., Philadelphia, Pa., May 27th, 1873. After a brief statement of the facts General Kane explained: That he had accepted in March last the position of President Young's Counsel, neither President Young nor himself at the time contemplating that the interests of President Young might be dif- ferent from those of the Mormon Church and people. That in an examination which he had since instituted into the condition of President Young's affairs however, he had satisfied him- self that there should be a separation of Pres- ident Young's [individual] interests as an in- dividual from those of the Church as such- [which were confusedly interwoven in a manner likely to prove equally prejudicial to both.] To effect this separation in a manner that would not do wrong to either of the parties, General Kane had become of the opinion that there should be Counsel, separate Counsel, employed to protect the interests severally of each. He, General Kane, had therefore written to Salt Lake City urging the propriety of additional Counsel being retained; and a correspondence had ensued with General D. H. Wells and others, the result of which was that the Church and the people of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, represented by Hon. Geo. Q. Cannon, Delegate to Congress and one of the ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F15_I3_p002.jpg) Twelve Apostles, had requested Hon. Eli K. Price to act as Counsel for the Church. Neither President Young, Gen. Wells, Mr. Cannon, nor as far as believ- ed, President Geo. A. Smith, newly elected Trustee-in- Trust, recognized any discrepancy of interests as existing or likely to arise; but as General Kane was of opinion that the Church should have its interests as a Church and corporation separately looked after and protected_ and as also all the parties coincided in opinion that President Young as an individual was entitled to any protection of his individual rights by release of claims and the like which the Church as a corporation could legally afford him, Mr. Price had been retained as Counsel for the Church by Mr. Cannon; and Mr. Young, was now present to solicit Mr. Clay to act as Counsel for his father, President Young. Mr. Young's instructions were that he should retain Mr. Clay as his father's personal (separate and individual) Counsel: for the present as General Kane's Junior; but in case of General Kane's death, serious illness or other disability, to officiate generally as President Young's Attorney, Solicitor and Counsel. I repeated General Kane's remarks as above, and Mr. Clay accepted the position tendered him by me. He also stated that the retaining fees already given him by General Kane * sufficiently compensated him for services already rendered by him as advising Counsel. Brigham Young, Jr *Note at Gen. Kanes' request__ Out of his own pocket B. Y. Jr. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F15_I3_p003.jpg) We, (Messrs. G. Q. Cannon and B. Young, Jr.) left Philadelphia on June 2nd, 1873; General Kane on May 31st, 1873. The opinion of Mr. Price for the Church on the important points upon which his opinion was requested by the General could not be had prior to our departure, owing to the fact that Mr. Price considered no action so important at the present as the preparation of a form of Will suitable to the condition, as it was explained to him, of the Mormon house- holds. General Kane coinciding with this view our attention was devoted almost exclusive- ly to this duty until we returned to Salt Lake City. Conversationally (as far as I under- stood them) Mr. Price's opinions coincided closely with those expressed by Gen. Kane on the subjects of I. The law of Utah – The laws of Utah – Probable construction of by the Supreme Court. II. Effect of certain ex-post facto leg- islation. Inconsistencies in Territorial legislation: Example: Abolition of right of dower. III. Liability to escheat, etc. IV. Impolicy of all indirectness, un- truthfulness, evasion or artifice in action proposed to be taken. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F15_I5_p001.jpg) I Mr. Cannon's Memorandum Signed. II Mr. B. Y. Jr's, Signed. III Mr. Cannon's further statement why the Will engrossed all attention. IV Saturday, May 31, 1873, General Kane leaves with Mr. Cannon draught of Will, to see Mr. Price again on the subject of farther modifications. Mr. Cannon and Mr. B. Y. Jr. have until Wednesday, June 4, to reflect upon it. V. Mr. Cannon approves: the general form and VI. Mr. B. Young, Jr., approves Not considering the expediency of any modification being made sufficiently plain to compensate for the advantage of adopting an instrument which will be supported by authority. VII General K. then accepts, explaining however to ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F15_I5_p002.jpg) Messrs. C. & Y. the scheme which he had himself framed. For considerations of policy he expresses his fullest approval of Mr. Price's admirable instrument, and earnestly recommends its adoption unchanged. President Young may be surprised to note the coincidence manifest with his own views and sentiments. Its execution will not interfere with the preparation of a subsequent Will. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F15_I5_p003.jpg) To be reviewed by Mr. Geo A. Smith ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F15_I5_p004.jpg) P.L. WILLIAMS LEGRAND YOUNG. P.O. BOX 652 WILLIAMS & YOUNG, ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW. Salt Lake City, Utah March 20th 1878 Hon George Q. Cannon. Dear Sir, Directly after you left for Washington the last time, we were employed by a [-]urli[---] of the heirs of the late Brigham Young to see after their interests in the estate of their an- cestor. In doing this as a matter of course we have given some attention to the will of President Young. In writing to you now we do not deem it advisable to enter into a lengthened discussion of that document. but will merely say that it is not without its difficul ties, with which statement we leave no doubt you will perfectly agree. But the more we study it, the deeper are we impressed with the idea that the testator meant to deal with his several wives and children in an equitable manner, and as equality in such cases is equity we find he must have [-]aid just that to all, But in our estimation equality does not mean to make each and all the wives and children jointly in- heritors of his property, nor did he mean that the ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F15_I5_p005.jpg) P.L. WILLIAMS LEGRAND YOUNG. WILLIAMS & YOUNG, P.O. BOX 652. ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW. Salt Lake City, Utah,________________187 several classes without regard to the number in each, should, divide the property equally among them, but we deem it just to [--]irs to say that he meant that equality which gives his wives a good comfortable living for the periods of time they may severally require it, and that ma[-]es his children equally the inheritors of his property, after sufficient has been taken to support his workers. How our idea of perfect equity and equality would be accomplished in the following manner. First. Set aside sufficient means to pay all of the legal debts and obligations of the Estate. Second. Set aside sufficient means of a valuable char- acter that the interest on income therefrom will keep in comfort his wives. Third. Divide the residue of his estate among his chil- dren equally in this manner. 1st. Make them all equal by giving to those who have had little or nothing, sufficient property to make them equal with the ones that have had the most. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F15_I5_p006.jpg) P.L. WILLIAMS Willliams & Young, LEGRAND YOUNG. ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW. P.O. BOX 652 Salt Lake City, Utah,.............187 2nd. Take the residue of the undivided property including that not[-] required to pay debts and divide it equally among his children: and so fast as his wives pass away, the means that was held for the support of such deceased wife to be divided equally among all of his children. It may be objected that many of the mothers of his children have property in their own names, which may be by them disposed of so that the children of teslators would not get their respective share thereof, but to obviate such a difficulty, so far as we have seen the mothers and their children, and that is almost the whole of them, they are willing to acceede to this arrangement: The mothers would in such case convey their property eq- ually to their children subject perhaps to their life estate in it, and the children would be charged with it in di- vision, just the same as though their respective work- ers had no interest in it. The property of minors would be held by guardian and as they by this arrange- ment would be benefitted, they could not complain: The only ones injured financially being the mother, and ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F15_I5_p007.jpg) P.L WILLIAMS Williams & Young, LEGRAND YOUNG. ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW. P.O. BOX 652 Salt Lake City, Utah,................................187 they being majors, and able to bind themselves no one else should complain. In this manner you would be relieved from a dif- ficult and responsible la[-]t and legat[-]s be perfectly satisfied. You may say at once that this is not the will of Pres- ident Young, and we might answer what is his will? He admit objections may be made to the above place based upon language contained in the will, but we are firmly convinced that no other plan can be divised for the execution of the will not subject to equal, and we think for greater difficulties, while none other that has been proposed, would operate as justly as this. He will merely say that by this place all get perfect justice unless it be claimed that the mothers of his children are divested of their inheritable interests, but our answer to this is if they are satisfied to give that for a certain support for life that is their bus- iness and no ones else. Our attention has been called to some late letters of yours to your Co-Executors in reference to the pay- ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F15_I5_p008.jpg) P.L. WILLIAMS WILLIAMS & YOUNG, LEGRAND YOUNG. ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW P.O. BOX 652 Salt Lake City, Utah, -------------------187 ment of debts of John W. Young. We enclose your copy of a note addressed and delivered to the two executors here on the 18th. ult. Our obligations to our clients im— pels us to insist upon compliance with its terms. Hoping that you may view this as we do we remain Truly Yours, Williams & Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F15_I5_p009.jpg) P. L. WILLIAMS LEGRAND YOUNG. P. O. BOX 652. WILLIAMS & YOUNG, ATTORNEYS–AT–LAW. Salt Lake City, Utah,. Feby 18th 1878 Mess. Brigham Young and Albert Carrington Executors &c Gentlemen: It is known to us that there exists other debts of John W. Young secured in a manner similar to those of War[-]er and others which you have either already paid out of the assests of the Estate of Brigham Young deceased, or assumed as Executors. While it is our opinion, as we have expressed it to you, that you might pay these debts incidentally to the redemption of the pledged bonds, we think you will not disagree with us when we say that every such redemption of bonds is a sacrifice of the in- terests of the Estate, and consequently results injuriously to the legatees under the Hill. We think that the rights of these legatees can only be properly secured in this behalf by your refusal to reduce any more of those West. R. R. bonds, when to do so, requires an outlay of means beyond their market value. On the behalf of all those heirs and legatees for ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F15_I5_p010.jpg) jwhom we are acting as attorneys we hereby interpose our objective to any further redemption of those bonds, or the payment, or assuming the payment by you as Executors of any other of the said debts. Very Respectfully Williams and Young ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F16_I1_p001.jpg) CIPHER, LETTER. AND TELEGRAPH CODE. LARRABEE. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F16_I1_p002.jpg) Prest. B. Young Salt Lake City Dec 1872. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F16_I1_p003.jpg) LARRABEE'S CIPHER AND SECRET LETTER AND TELEGRAPH CODE, WITH HOGG'S IMPROVEMENTS. THE MOST PERFECT SECRET CODE EVER INVENTED OR DISCOVERED. IMPOSSIBLE TO BE READ WITHOUT THE KEY, INVALUABLE FOR SECRET, MILITARY, NAVAL, AND DIPLOMATIC SERVICES, AS WELL AS FOR BROKERS, BANKERS, AND MERCHANTS. By CHARLES S. LARRABEE, THE ORIGINAL INVENTOR OF THE SYSTEM. PATENTED AND COPYRIGHT SECURED. NEW YORK: D. VAN NOSTRAND, PUBLISHER, 23 MURRAY AND 27 WARREN STREET. 1871. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F16_I1_p004.jpg) PREFACE. —— My attention was first called to the importance of Secret Cipher writing while employed upon some special service for the U. S. Government in 1863. I very soon discovered the imperfect character of the then existing systems, and set myself to work to devise a better. After a great deal of labor and many unsatisfactory experiments, I hit upon this system, the idea first striking me from the "Key-word Lock." Other occupations compelled me to temporarily defer the publication, and not until the winter of 1869-70 did I fully perfect the code which I herewith present to the American public. Pending arrangements for its publication, I learned that Mr. G. Hogg, of London, had published a code almost identical with my own. After some correspondence on the subject, he very honorably acknowledged my right to the main features of the code, while I admitted that the part relating to figures was unquestionably his. I claim to be the original discoverer of this system, which I call the "Key-word System." CHARLES S. LARRABEE. NEW YORK. January 1st, 1871. ———————————————————— Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1870, by C. S. LARRABEE, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F16_I1_p005.jpg) INTRODUCTION. ———— THIS Secret Code may be used by any one. It is so perfect that no message written by it can possibly be read without knowing the particular key-word used. In most of the Cipher systems a mere changing of the order of the alphabet, or certain signs for certain letters, has been used, and in consequence of the same letter being always represented by the same cipher, an expert could easily read any message. In this system the constant change of cipher for every letter makes the message perfectly secret. By its use any number of persons may write the same message, and each be unintelligible save for those intended. It is very simple, and with ordinary care there can be no mistake or misunderstanding. Your message can be written in any language. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F16_I1_p006.jpg) INSTRUCTIONS. ——— Fix upon a key-word which communicate to your correspondent; any word may be adopted, and it is judicious to select one that can be remembered by both parties ; care must be taken that it is spelled alike by both, else the message could not be read as intended. TO CONVERT A MESSAGE INTO CIPHER. — A key-word having been arranged between yourself and receiver, FIRST write down plainly and distinctly the message to be sent ; then write the key-word over the message, repeating it as often as necessary to the end of the message. Find the ciphers thus: Take the first letter of the key-word and the first letter of the message and find the same letters in exactly the same position in Table I. The letter underneath is the first cipher. Repeat this process with all the letters, taking the second letter of key-word and the second letter of the message, the third letter of key-word and the third letter of the message, and so on to the conclusion. TO CONVERT CIPHERS INTO THE MESSAGE. — First write down the ciphers as received, then write over them the particular key-word between yourself and correspondent, repeating it as often as necessary till each cipher has a letter of the key-word over it: take the first letter of the key-word and the first cipher, and find the same letters in exactly the same position in Table II. ; the letter which is under them is the first letter of the message. Repeat this process with all the others, taking second letter of key-word and second cipher, and finding second letter of message, and so on till the ciphers are all translated. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F16_I1_p007.jpg) EXAMPLES I. A MESSAGE CONVERTED INTO CIPHERS Key-word, "Jove." Key-word JOVE JOVEJOV EJ OVEJO Message to be sent MOVE FORWARD IN FORCE Cipher to be sent VCQI OCMAJFY MW TJVLS II. Key-word, "Hope." Key-word HOPE HOPEHO P E HO Message to be sent SELL EVERYTHING Cipher to be sent ZSAP LJTVFHWMUU III. CIPHERS CONVERTED INTO A MESSAGE. Key-word, "Decatur." Key-word DECATURE DECATUR D Ciphers received VERLBGD HHKAMYC B Message reads SAILIMM EDIATEL Y ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F16_I1_p008.jpg) IV. Key-word, “Lodi.” Keyword LOC ILODI LODI LODILO DI Ciphers received EVH XCSVQOSQB ZFGMCG LB Message reads THE PRESIDENT ORDERS IT Instructions for Message containing Figures. Let the letters A B C D E F G H I J Stand for the figures 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 When writing your message down first on paper, substitute the above letters for figures, as A H G A for 1871. But prefix such letters by the letter Q, and such other letter from A to I as shall indicate the number of letters following, which are to be read as figures. Thu: Q A F 6 Q B I J 90 Q C B C D 234 Q E A E E J J 15500 Having written down your message as directed, proceed to convert the whole of it into ciphers in the usual way. (The letter Q is never found in any part of a word unless in conjunction with the letter U, and therefore it is the only letter that can be selected as a sign.) ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F16_I1_p009.jpg) Examples relating to Message containing Figures. I. A MESSAGE CONVERTED INTO CIPHERS. Original Message Remit 3760 dollars. To be written thns Remit Q D C G E J dollars. Key-word, “Hanover” Key-word H A N O V E R H A N O V E R H A N O Message R E M I T Q D C G E J D O L L A R S Ciphers Y E Z W O U U J G R X Y S C S A E G II. TO CONVERT CIPHER INTO MESSAGE. Key-word, “Hero.” Key-word H E R O H E R O H E Ciphers received V R C M X H S S Q N Message reads first Only Q D C E J J or, “Only 2,500.” ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F16_I1_p010.jpg) [Table of cipher keys] ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F16_I1_p011.jpg) [Table of cipher keys] ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F16_I1_p012.jpg) [Table of cipher keys] ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F16_I1_p013.jpg) [Table of cipher keys] ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F16_I1_p014.jpg) [Table of cipher keys] ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F16_I1_p015.jpg) [Table of cipher keys] ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F16_I1_p016.jpg) [Table of cipher keys] 14 ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F16_I1_p017.jpg) [Table of cipher keys] ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F16_I1_p018.jpg) MODERN PRACTICE OF THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH. A HAND-BOOK FOR ELECTRICIANS AND OPERATORS. By FRANK L. POPE. Fourth Edition, Revised and Enlarged. 1 Vol., Svo. Profusely Illustrated. Cloth, $1,50. —————————— "Your illustrative diagrams are admirable, and beautifully executed. * * * * * I think all your instructions in the use of the telegraph apparatus judicious and correct, and I most cordially wish you success." —Prof. S. F. B. MORSE. "There is no work of this kind in the English language that contains in so small a compass so much practical information in the application of galvanic electricity to the telegraphy."—Prof. G. W. HOUGH, Director of Dudley Observatory. "I have read the book carefully through, and have been both interested and instructed by it. It is just the sort of book that was wanted in America—clear and to the purpose."—ROBERT SABINE. "I feel assured that it will prove of great value to all interested in the science or practical details of the Electric Telegraph, and supply a deficiency that has long existed."—Gen. Anson Stager. D. VAN NOSTRAND, Publisher, 23 Murray and 27 Warren Street. ***Copies sent free by mail on receipt of price. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F16_I1_p019.jpg) WORKS ON TELEGRAPHY, Published by D. VAN NOSTRAND, 23 Murray and 27 Warren Street. ——— EXAMINATION OF THE TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS AND THE PROCESSES IN TELEGRAPHY. Paris Universal Exposition, 1867. By S. F. B. MORSE, United States Commissioner. 1 Vol.j 8vo. Cloth. $2. —————————— HISTORY AND PROGRESS OF THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME OF THE APPARATUS. BY ROBERT SABINE, C. E. SECOND EDITION, WITH ADDITIONS. 12MO. FULLY ILLUSTRATED. CLOTH. $1.75. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F16_I1_p020.jpg) A HAND-BOOK OF PRACTICAL TELEGRAPHY. By R. S. CULLEY, Engineer to the Electric and International Telegraph Company. Published with the sanction of the Chairman and Directors of the Electric and International Telegraph Company, and adopted by the Department of Telegraphs for India. Fourth Edition, Revised and Enlarged. Svo. Cloth. $5. "The first thing that impresses us in an examination of this work is the great skill with which, without burdening the text with technical terms, the author has been able to make his discussions complete and reliable, and at the same time attractive, from their terseness and perspicuity. The style is admirable, and it would seem that even the most unscientific ought to be able to read the work with ease and satisfaction."—Scientific American. ——————— THE TELEGRAPH MANUAL: A Complete History and Description of the SEMAPHORIC, ELECTRIC, and MAGNETIC TELEGRAPHS of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, Ancient and Modern. WITH SIX HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIVE ILLUSTRATIONS. BY TAL. P. SHAFFNER. 8vo., 850 Pages. Cloth. $6.50. ----- new page (VMSS792_S3_SS7_SSS4_B15_F16_I1_p021.jpg) Works on Electricity and the Electric Telegraph, for Sale by D. VAN NOSTRAND, 23 Murray and 27 Warren Street. DE LA RIVE’S TREATISE ON ELECTRICITY. 3 vols., 8vo. Cloth $36 50 NOAD’S MANUAL OF ELECTRICITY. 4th Edition. Illustrated. 8vo. Cloth 12 00 PRESCOTT’S HISTORY, THEORY, AND PRACTICE OF THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH. Illustrated. 12mo. Cloth 2 50 CLARK’S ELEMENTARY TREATISE ON ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT. 12mo. Cloth 3 00 LARDNER AND BRIGHT ON THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH. 140 Illustrations. 12mo. Cloth 1 75 FERGUSON’S ELECTRICITY. 18mo. Cloth 1 75 BLAVIER’S NOUVEAU TRAITE DE TELEGRAPHIE ELECTRIQUE. 2 vols., 8vo. Paper 10 00 BOUSSAC PRECIS DE TELEGRAPHIE ELECTRIQUE. 8vo. Paper 4 00 GAVARRET’S TELEGRAPHIE ELECTRIQUE. 12mo. Paper 2 50